【英语学习】【加州教材】【G3】【科学】Science目录及术语表

太过爱你忘了你带给我的痛 2022-01-25 15:39 449阅读 0赞

本文是英语学习笔记，所有版权归原教材作者所有。

![20190530134423999.png][]

加州三年级《科学》课本，主要分为5个大Section，每个Section由两到三个Chapter构成，每个Chapter含有若干Lesson。

*  # Be a Scientist #
    
     *  What is Science?
 *  # Life Science #
    
     *  Chapter 1: Adaptations in Land Environments
        
         *  Lesson 1: Living Things and Their Needs
         *  Lesson 2: Life in the Desert
         *  Lesson 3: Life in the Granssland
         *  Lesson 4: Life in the Forest
         *  Lesson 5: Life in the Arctic Tundra
     *  Chapter 2: Adaptations in Water Environments
        
         *  Lesson 1: The Water Planet
         *  Lesson 2: Life in an Ocean
         *  Lesson 3: Life in the Wetlands
     *  Chapter 3: Environment Change
        
         *  Lesson 1: Living Things Change Their Environment
         *  Lesson 2: Changes Affect Living Things
         *  Lesson 3: Living Things of the Past
 *  # Earth Science #
    
     *  Chapter 4: Our Earth, Sun, and Moon
        
         *  Lesson 1: Day and Night
         *  Lesson 2: The Seasons
         *  Lesson 3: The Moon
     *  Chpater 5: Our Solar System
        
         *  Lesson 1: The Sun and Its Planets
         *  Lesson 2: Telescopes: Discovering the Solar System
         *  Lesson 3: The Stars
 *  # Physical Science #
    
     *  Chapter 6: Matter
        
         *  Lesson 1: Solids, Liquids, and Gases
         *  Lesson 2: Building Blocks of Matter
         *  Lesson 3: Changing Matter
     *  Chapter 7: Energy
        
         *  Lesson 1: Energy All Around
         *  Lesson 2: Using Energy
         *  Lesson 3: Energy on the Move
     *  Chapter 8: Light
        
         *  Lesson 1: How Light Moves
         *  Lesson 2: Seeing Light and Color
         *  Lesson 3: Shadows
 *  # Activities #
    
     *  Life Science
     *  Earth Science
     *  Physical Science

看看下面这个术语表，谁再说美国小学课程简单，都是玩到大的，真是自欺欺人。

# Glossary #

1.  **absorb:** To take in.   
    *Some materials absorb more lights than others.*
2.  **adaptation: **A special trait that helps a living thing survive in its environment.   
    *A fish's gills are an example of adaptation.*
3.  **air bladder: **a balloonlike structure in plants and animals for holding gases.   
    *Kelp has air bladders that help it float.*
4.  **algae: **Tiny one-celled organisms that use water, air, and sunlight to make food.   
    *Algae are plantlike living things often found in shallow water.*
5.  **amphibian: **An animal that spends part of its life in water and part on land.  
    *Frogs and salamanders are amphibians.*
6.  **analyze data: **To use information that has been gathered to answer a question or solve a problem.  
    *You can analyaze data to find how daylight hours change throughout the year.*
7.  **arctic tundra: **A cold biome above the Arctic Circle.   
    *Winters on the arctic tundra are long and dark.*  
    (pictures from Google)  
    ![20190530160635451.jpeg][]![20190530160645210.jpeg][]![20190530160656291.jpeg][]
8.  **asteroid: **A large piece of rock or metal in space.  
    *Many asteroid orbit the Sun. *
9.  **astronaut: **A person who travels into space.  
    *Astronauts traveled to the Moon to study it up close.*
10. **astrophysicist: **Someone who studies how objects in the universe interact.  
    *An astrophysicist can explain how the planets move around the Sun.*
11. **atom: **The smallest unit of an element that has the properties of that element.  
    *Atoms are too small to see on your own.*
12. **axis: **A real or imaginary line through the center of a spinning object.  
    *The geographic north and south poles are the ends of Earth's axis.*
13. **binary starts: **Two stars that act as a pair.   
    *If one of the binary stars weakens, the other one might absorb it.*
14. **biomass: **Plant materials and animal waste.   
    *Biomass can be used as fuel to create energy. *
15. **biome: **An area of land or water that has certain kinds of living and nonliving things.  
    *A desert biome is very different from an ocean biome.*
16. **blubber: **A thick layer of fat found in large mammals.   
    ![20190530162609954.jpeg][]  
    *Whale blubber allows the animal to stay warm in cold waters.*
17. **bog: **A freshwater wetland filled with moss and rich soil.  
    ![20190530162705508.jpeg][]  
    *The ground in bogs is sually wet and spongelike. *
18. **brackish environment:** The living thing and nonlivining things that exist in a place with a mixture of fresh and salt water.  
    ![20190530162952243.jpeg][]  
    *Many marine animals lay their eggs in a brackish environment.*
19. **buttress:** Something that supports or strengthens.  
    ![Image result for buttress][]  
    *Some trees have special root structures called buttresses that spread out from the trunk and support the tree.*
20. **calorie: **A measure of the energy stored in a substance, such as food.  
    *Rich foods, such as ice cream and fried dough, have many more calories than others.*
21. **camouflage: **An adaptation that allows an animal to blend into its surroundings.  
    *Camouflages might help an inset look like a leaf.*
22. **canopy: **The part of a forest just below the uppermost branches of the tallest trees.   
    ![Image result for canopy layer][]  
    *Most rain-forest animals live in the canopy because of the sunlight and food found there.*
23. **carbon: **One of the basic elements.  
    *All living matter on Earth contains carbon.*
24. **chemical change: **A change that causes a new kind of matter to form with different properties.  
    *When food burns, the chemical change makes it taste different.*
25. **chemical energy: **Energy that is stored in a substance.  
    *Your body uses chemical energy stored in sugar and other foods.*
26. **classify: **To place similar materials together in a group.  
    *The periodic table classifies elements that share the same properties.*
27. **climate: **The average weather patterns of a region.  
    *Most people prefer a warm climate.*
28. **comet: **A chunk of ice mixed with rocks and dust moving through space.  
    *A comet may have a glowing tail.*
29. **communicate: **To share information.   
    *Writing helps you to communicate your ideas to others.*
30. **community: **All the different populations in an ecosystem.  
    *A rural community may include people, cows, and grasses.*
31. **compare:** To see what is the same and what is different between two or more things.  
    *You can begin to classify thngs after you compare them.*
32. **competition:** The struggle among living things.  
    *There is a great competition for water in desert.*
33. **compression wave: **A wave that moves in a back and forth motion.  
    ![20190531095202158.jpeg][]  
    *Sound waves are examples of compression waves.*
34. **condense:** What happens when matter changes state from gas to liquid.  
    *When water vapor in the air condenses, it can form dewdrops.*
35. **coniferous: **A kind of temerate forest that stays green all year.  
    *Pines, firs, and spruces grow in coniferous forests.*  
    ![20190531095641718.jpeg][]![20190531095617996.jpeg][]![20190531095545676.jpeg][]
36. **constellation: **A group of stars that forms a pattern or picture.  
    *The Big Dipper is a major constellation.*
37. **coral: **Colorful rocklike formations created by certain marine animals.  
    ![2019053110004570.jpeg][]  
    *Coral reefs are some of the most beautiful parts of the ocean.*
38. **cornea: **The clear, outer covering of the eye.  
    ![20190531100441807.jpeg][]  
    *A contact lens rests on the cornea and assists with vision.*
39. **crescent moon:** The phase of the moon in which the lighted side has almost disappeared.  
    *A crescent moon is either just begging to wax or almost done waning.*  
    ![20190531100702812.jpeg][] <- Waxing ![20190531100643878.jpeg][] <- Waning
40. **deciduous: **A kind of forest biome with many trees that lose their leaves each winter.  
    *Maples, birches, and oaks can be found in deciduous forests.*  
    ![20190531101031912.jpeg][]![20190531101052478.jpeg][]![20190531101122290.jpeg][]
41. **depth: **The distance away from the surface.  
    *Water temperature in the ocean grows colder with depth.*
42. **desert:** A hot, dry place with very little rain.  
    ![20190531101525150.jpeg][]  
    *The Mojave (=Mohave) Desert is a hot desert. 莫哈韦沙漠（美国加利福尼亚西南）*
43. dew: Water vapor that has condensed into liquid on a cool object.  
    ![20190531101943688.jpeg][]![20190531102003448.jpeg][]  
    *Small drops of dew often appear overnight as the moist air cools.*
44. **dinosaur:** An extinct kind of large reptile.  
    ![Image result for dinosaur][]  
    *The word dinosaur comes from Greek words meaning "fearfully great lizard."*
45. **draw conclusions: **To arrive at possible answers based on information you have gathered.  
    *After you analyze the data from an experiment, you can draw conclusions about what you observed.*
46. **ecosystem: **All the living and nonliving things that interact in an environment.  
    *The desert and the forest are different ecosystems.*
47. **electrical energy:** Energy produced by the movement of small particles called electrons.  
    *A light bulb uses eletrical energy to create light.*
48. **electron microscope: **A tool that allows you to see very small objects.  
    *Atoms can only be seen using an electron microscope.*
49. **element: **A basic building block of matter.  
    *Oxygen, carbon, and iron are all elements.*
50. **emergent layer:** The highest level in a forest biome.  
    ![Image result for emergent layer][]  
    *The tops of the tallest trees from the emergent layer of the rain forest.*
51. **energy: **The ability to do work.  
    *Matter needs energy to move, grow, or change its state.*
52. **environment: **All the living and nonliving things that surround a living thing.  
    *Plants need an environment in which they can get sunlight, water, carbon dioxide, and other nutrients.*
53. **equator: **The imaginary line that divides Earth into the north and south hemisphere.  
    *Sunlight strikes Earth most directly at the equator.*
54. **evaporate: **What happens when matter slowly changes state from liquid to gas.  
    *Water can evaporate into a gas in direct sunlight.*
55. **expand:** To spread out.  
    *Pumping air into a balloon causes the material to expand.*
56. **experiment: **A test designed to support or disprove a hypothesis.  
    *Most experiments are designed and carried out very carefully.*
57. **extinct: **All dead, no more left alive on Earth.  
    *The mammoths became extinct after a change in climate (that) killed them all.*  
    **Note:** there is no '***that***' in the original text. I personally think it is a wrong grammar without relative pronoun 'that.'
58. **force: **A push or pull.   
    *You use force when you make an object move.*
59. **forest: **A biome that has many trees.   
    *Different types of forests exist in different parts of the word.*
60. **forest floor:** The ground level of a forest biome.  
    ![Image result for forest floor layer][]![Image result for forest floor layer][Image result for forest floor layer 1]  
    *Very litle sunlight reaches the forest floor.*
61. **fossil: **The hardened remains of a living thing.   
    *Most fossils are buried deep in the ground.*
62. **fossile fuel: **A source of energy that comes from the breakdown of animal and plant remains.  
    *Gasline is a fossil fuel.*
63. **freeze:** what happens when matter changes state from liquid to solid.  
    *When water freezes, it becomes ice.*
64. **freshwater environment: **The living and nonliving that exist in a place where the water is not salty.  
    *Most ponds and most reviers are freshwater environments.*
65. **friction: **The force created when surfaces rub against each other.  
    *Friction from rubbing your hands makes them warm.*
66. **fuel:** A source of stored energy.   
    *Cars use fuel called gasoline to make their engines run.*
67. **galaxy: **A very large group of starts.  
    *Our galaxy is called the milky way.*
68. **gamma waves: **An invisible form of light with high energy.  
    *Gamma waves are used in nuclear power plants.*
69. **gas: **Matter in a state that has no definite shape or volume.  
    *The air we breathe is made up of gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide.*
70. **geothermal: **Using heat from inside the Earth.  
    *Steam from a hot spring that turns a turbine is an example of geothermal engery.*
71. **gibbous:** More than half but not yet full.  
    *A gibbous moon can be waxing toward full or waning toward half.*  
    ![201906021256488.jpeg][] ![20190602125706938.jpeg][]
72. **gills: **Body parts in fish and other animals that allows them to breathe in water.  
    *Gills collect oxygen from the water.*
73. **grassland: **A biome that is covered with grass.  
    *Grasslands provide a great deal of food for many animals.*
74. **habitat: **The place where a living thing makes its home.  
    *Whales live in an ocean habitat.*
75. **heat energy: **Energy that causes the temperature of something to rise.  
    *The Sun is the main source of heat energy on Earth.*
76. **hibernate: **To sleep through the winter.  
    *Bears hibernate in caves from late fall until spring.*
77. **horizon: **The distance line where the land seems to meet the sky.  
    *The Sun rises over the eastern horizon.*
78. **humus: **Leftover decomposed plant or animal material in soil.  
    ![20190602161600521.jpeg][]  
    *Each layer of soil has different amounts of rock and humus.*
79. **hydropower: **Using water to create energy.  
    *Many dams turn a river's current into hydropower.*
80. **hypothesis: **A suggested statement or explanation that can be tested to answer a question.  
    *An experiment can help you to test a hypothesis.*
81. **image: **A picture produced by the reflection of light.  
    *A mirror shows you an image of yourself.*
82. **infur: **To come up with an idea based on facts or observations.  
    *The data from an experiment can help you infer what happened.*
83. **infrared waves: **A form of light energy that we feel as heat.  
    *Devices that detect infrared waves can be used to "see" in the drak.*
84. **inner planets: **The four planets closes to the Sun.  
    ![20190602183315484.jpeg][]  
    *Mercury, Venue, Earth, and Mars are the inner planets.*
85. **iris: **in the eye, the colored circle around the pupil.  
    ![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQzNDAxODA4_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]  
    *The iris changes the size of the pupil in different light conditions.*
86. **kelp: **A type of algae that groups together.  
    ![20190602163414606.jpeg][]  
    *Kelp has large, brown leaflike structures.*
87. **kinetic energy: **Energy in the form of movement or motion.  
    *A falling leaf has kinetic energy.*
88. **laser: **A tool that uses a very thin beam of light.  
    ![2019060216392625.jpeg][]  
    *Doctors can use lasers to perform surgery.*
89. **lens: **A piece of clear material that affects the path of light rays.  
    *The lens in your eye focuses incoming light.*  
    ![20190602164212160.jpeg][]
90. **light: **A form of energy made up of transverse waves.  
    *Color is light energy we can see.*
91. **liquid: **Matter in a state that has a definite volume but not a definite shape.  
    *Water in its liquid state takes the shape of its container.*
92. **lunar cycle: **The full sequence of the Moon's phases.  
    ![Image result for lunar cycle][]  
    *The lunar cycle takes about four weeks.*
93. **lunar eclipse: **A period of time when the Moon moves into Earth's shadow.  
    ![20190602165337697.jpeg][] ![20190602165451504.jpeg][]  
    *The Moon may appear to be dark red during a total lunar eclipse.*
94. **mangrove: **A kind of tropical tree often found in swamps.  
    ![20190602165720490.jpeg][]  
    *Mangrove roots provide shelter for fish and shrimp.*
95. **marine environment: **Another name for a saltwater environment.  
    *Whales and dolphins live in a marine evnironment.*
96. **marsh: **A type of wetland featuring soft plants such as grasses. There are no trees in marshes.  
    ![20190602170342415.jpeg][]
97. **mass: **A measure of the amount of matter in an object.  
    *Mass is often measured in grams.*
98. **matter: **Anything that takes up space.  
    *The Earth is made up of all kinds of matter.*
99. **measure: **To find the size, volume, area, mass, weight, or temperature of an object, or to find how long an event occurs.  
    *When you measure something, you gather data or information about it.*
100. **mechanical energy: **The energy in moving objects.  
    *The rushing water in a river has mechanical energy.*
101. **melt: **What happens when matter changes state from solid to liquid.  
    *When ice melts, it becomes liquid water.*
102. **meteor: **A small piece of ice, rock, or metal that has broken off a comet or asteroid.  
    ![20190602173336201.jpeg][]  
    *Most shootig stars are also meteors.*
103. **meteorite: **A meteor that hits the Earth.   
    *Some meteorites create huge holes where they hit the ground.*
104. **microscope: **A tool that allows us to make small objects seem larger.  
    ![20190602175151403.jpeg][]  
    *You can see some plant cells using a microscope.*
105. **microwave: **A form of light energy.   
    *The energy in microwaves can be used to cook food.*
106. **migrate: **To move from one place to another.  
    *Some birds migrate to new homes each fall and spring.*
107. **mimicry: **When one thing imitates the traits of another.  
    ![20190602180045566.jpeg][]  
    *Some insects use mimicry to look like other insects and fool predators.*
108. **mixture: **Different kinds of matter blended together.   
    *Soda is a mixture of sugar, water, and other ingredients.*
109. **model: **Something that represents another object or event.  
    ![20190602180859475.jpeg][]  
    *A spinning ball can serve as a model to show the rotation of a planet.*
110. **nocturnal: **Active during the night.  
    *Nocturnal animals usually sleep during the day and hunt for food at night.*
111. **observe: **To use one or more of your senses to identify or learn about an object or event.  
    *You conduct an experiment to observe what happens in a particular situtation.*
112. **ocean: **A large body of salt water.  
    ![20190602181605258.jpeg][]  
    *The Atlantic and the Pacific are both oceans.*
113. **opaque: **Unable to let light pass through.  
    *A piece of heavy construction paper is opaque.*  
    ![20190602182110546.jpeg][]<--- construction paper
114. **orbit: **The path an object takes as it travels around another object.  
    *Earth's orbit around the Sun takes about 365 days.*
115. **ornithologist: **A scientist who studies birds.  
    *An ornithologist will often record the flight paths of birds.*
116. **outer planets: **The four planets farthest from the Sun.  
    ![20190602183020705.jpeg][]  
    *Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune are the outer planets.*
117. **oxygen: **A common gas found in air and water that many animals need to survive.  
    *When you breathe, you body is taking in oxygen.*
118. **periodic table: **A chart that lists all of the known elements and their properties.   
    ![20190602184227483.jpeg][]  
    *The periodic table helps us to group and classify elements. *
119. **permafrost: **A layer of soil that is always forzen.  
    ![20190602184408475.jpeg][]  
    *Most permafrost can be found in arctic and antarctic regions.*
120. **phase: **A temporary state of being.  
    *The Moon has many phases based on its appearance, including full, half, and gibbous.*
121. **physical change: **A change in which matter looks different but is still the same matter.  
    *Breaking an ice cube into pieces is a physical change because it is all still water.*
122. **planet: **A large sphere in space that orbits a star.  
    *Out planet moves around the Sun.*
123. **pollution: **What happens when harmful materials get into the air, water, or land.  
    *Litter is a kind of pollution.*  
    ![20190602185905853.jpeg][]
124. **population: **All the members of a single type of living thing in an ecosystem.  
    *Population might go down if an area's resources are used up.*
125. **potential energy: **Energy that is stored up inside of matter.  
    *You release the potential energy in a lifted object when you drop it.*
126. **prairie: **A temperate grassland.  
    ![20190602190504270.jpeg][]  
    *Prairies have soil that is rich in humus.*
127. **predator: **An animal that hunts another animal for food.  
    *Sharks are the ocean's fiercest predators.*
128. **predict: **To state likely results of an event or experiment.  
    *You might be able to predict the weather by looking at clouds in the sky.*
129. **prey: **An animal that is hunted by another animal for food.  
    *Mice are prey to hawks.*
130. **prism: **A special lens that can break light into many parts and colors.  
    ![20190602191355812.jpeg][]  
    *Some telescopes use prisms to alter the light coming in.*
131. **property: **A trait of something that can be observed or measurement.  
    *The properties of matter include size, color, and state.*
132. **pupil: **The central opening into the eye.  
    *The pupil grows larger in dark condition to let in more light.*
133. **radio waves: **An invisible form of light energy.  
    *Radio waves are used to transmit signals for phones, radios, and televisions.*
134. **record data: **To make note of an observation in a permanent way, as in writing.  
    *When you record data on a chart, you organize your observations.*
135. **recycle: **To turn an old thing into something new.  
    *Paper can be recycled in many ways, including the creation of more paper.*
136. **reduce: **To use less of something.  
    *When you reduce the amount of napkins you use during a meal, you conserve paper-making resources.*  
    ![Image result for napkin][]<--- napkin
137. **reflection: **Light bouncing off an object.  
    *Your reflection in a mirror is light bouncing back at you.*  
    ![20190603092417412.png][]
138. **renewable energy: **Energy that can be replaced once it is used.  
    *Wind power is a source of renewable energy.*
139. **reuse: **To use something again.  
    *When you refill a water bottle on a hiking trip, you are reusing the bottle.*
140. **revolve: **To move around another object in a circular way.  
    *The Earth revolves in a regular path around the Sun.*
141. **rotate: **To turn.   
    *Earth rotates from the west to the east. Each complete rotation takes 24 hours.*
142. **saltwater environment: **The living and nonliving things that exist in a place where the water is salty. (*cf. ***marine environment**)  
    *Oceans and seas are saltwater environments.*
143. **savanna: **A tropical grassland. (*cf. ***prairie**)  
    ![20190603093640199.jpeg][]  
    *Africa's Serengeti Plain is a savanna.*
144. **scientific method: **The procedure for finding out how something works by controlled experiments.  
    *You can test a hypothesis by using the scientific method.*
145. **sequioa: **A kind of huge tree that grows in California.  
    ![2019060309475253.jpeg][]  
    *Sequioas are sometimes called redwoods.*
146. **shadow:** The darkened area that results when light energy is blocked.  
    *If you face away from the Sun, your shadow will appear in front of you.*  
    ![Image result for face away shadow][]
147. **shelter: **A place or object that protects an animal and keeps it safe.  
    *During a rainstorm, you might seek shelter under a tree.*
148. **soil: **A mixture of tiny rock particles, minerals, and decayed plant and animal matter.  
    ![20190603095508908.jpeg][]  
    *Every biome has a certain kind of soil.*
149. **solar energy: **Energy that comes from the Sun.  
    *On Earth, we see solar energy as light and feel it as heat.*
150. **solar system: **The Sun and the objects in orbit around it.  
    *Our solar system is in the Milky Way galaxy.*
151. **solid: **Matter in a state that has a definite shape and volume.  
    *You can measure a solid using both meters and liters.*  
    ![20190603100159275.png][] ![20190603100321427.png][]
152. **sound energy: **Waves of energy created when an object vibrates.  
    *When you hit a drum hard, your ear responds to the sound energy.*
153. **sphere: **A body that has the shape of a ball or globe.  
    *Most planets are spheres.*
154. **star: **A hot, glowing ball of gases in space.  
    *The nearest star to the Earth is the Sun.*
155. **state: **One of three categories of matter that has certain properties.  
    *The three states of matter are solid, liquid, and gas.*
156. **structure: **A thing that is developed or built for a particular use.  
    *Fish have structures called gills to help them breathe in the ocean.*
157. **sundial: **A device that shows time using the shadow cast by the Sun.  
    ![20190603101630881.jpeg][]  
    *The shadows cast on a sundial are shorter around noon.*
158. **surgeon: **A kind of doctor who works inside the body to treat problems.  
    *Many eye surgeons today use lasers to fix vision problems.*
159. **swamp:** A wetland with many trees or shrubs.  
    *Cypress and willow trees grow well in swamps.*  
    ![Image result for cypress swamp][]<--- cypress
160. **telescope: **A tool to make distant object appear closer and larger.  
    *The Hubble telescope helps us to see planets and starts more clearly.*  
    ![20190603103442257.jpeg][]
161. **temperate: **Having few or no extremes.   
    *A temperate environment has a mild climate and four seasons.*
162. **temperate forest: **A forest biome with four distinct seasons.  
    *Temperate forests are found in North America, Europe, and Asia.*
163. **tentacle: **a long, thin, armlike structure.  
    *Jellyfish use their tentacles to capture food.*  
    ![Image result for jellyfish tentacle][]
164. **translucent: **A material that absorbs some light energy but lets some through.  
    ![2019060413483068.jpeg][]  
    *Colored glass is a translucent material.*
165. **transparent: **A material that does not absorb or reflect much light energy.  
    ![20190604135055404.jpeg][]  
    *A clear glass windows is transparent.*
166. **transverse waves: **A wave that moves in an up and down motion.  
    ![20190604135204343.png][]  
    *Light is made up of transverse waves.*
167. **tropical: **Coming from a region near the equator with warm temperatures all year long.  
    ![Image result for tropical geography][]  
    *Tropical fish live in a warm marine environment.*
168. **tropical rain forest: **A hot, wet forest biome found near the equator.  
    ![20190604135550703.jpeg][]  
    *There are more kind of living things in tropical rain forests than any other land biome.*
169. **turbine: **A machine that turns and produces energy.  
    ![Image result for turbine][]  
    *A simple turbine looks like an electric fan that moves when steam, water or air pushes against the blades.*
170. **ultraviolet waves: **An invision form of light that can cause a reaction in the skin.  
    *Tans and sunburns are caused by ultraviolet waves from the Sun.*
171. **understory: **The area in a forest between the **canopy** and the ground.  
    ![Image result for understory layer][]  
    *Leopards, frogs, and many insects live in the understory of the rain forest.*
172. **variable: **something that can be changed or controlled.  
    *In a plant-growing experiment, the amounts of light and water you provide are variables.*
173. **vibrate: **To move back and forth quickly.  
    *A guitar string vibrates when you pull and release it.*  
    ![Image result for guitar vibrates][]
174. **visible light: **The range of light energy that humans can see.  
    ![20190604140854413.jpeg][]  
    *Visible light includes all of the colors you see.*
175. **volume: **The amount of space that an object takes up.  
    *Volume is often measured in liters or cubic meters.*
176. **waning: **In the process of getting smaller.  
    *A waning Moon may go from full to half.*
177. **water vapor: **The gas state of water.  
    *You cannot see water vapor in the air.*
178. **wave: **A disturbance that moves through matter or space.  
    *If you jostle water in a glass, you create small waves. *
179. **waxing: **In the process of getting larger.  
    *A waxing Moon may go from half to full.*
180. **wetland:** Environments where water covers the soil for most of the year.  
    ***Bogs**, **swamps**, and **marshes** are all wetland environments.*
181. **whitle drawf: **A small, hot, white start.  
    ![20190604142129888.jpeg][]  
    *A white drawf may be about the size of our Sun but has much more matter packed into it.*
182. **wind power: **A renewable kind of energy that uses the power of the wind.  
    *Windmills are actually turbines that can gather wind power and create electricity.*
183. **X-ray waves:** An invisible form of light energy that can pass through objects.  
    *X-ray waves are used to take pictures of bones inside the body.*

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