Direct-X学习笔记--天空盒

水深无声 2022-08-03 11:40 142阅读 0赞

学习了三维的地形系统之后，该抬头看看天空啦。下面学习一下传说中的三维天空系统。其实三维天空的实现比地形系统简单得多，我们只需要用一点点小伎俩，就可以蒙混大多数人。

## 一.简介 ##

我们在玩游戏的时候，尤其是野外的大场景中，要想更逼真离不开三维天空系统。要用程序来模拟无边无际的天空是不可能的，而聪明的前辈们自然也想到了用“天圆地方”这种古代人们对于天空的认识来作为三维天空设计思想。即用一个足够大的面罩住我们，只要这个罩足够大，在里面看天空就和真实的天空没什么区别啦。而基于这种思想的天空设计方案中，最常用的就是天空盒。所谓天空盒，就是用一个立方体，罩住玩家所在的世界空间，天空盒常常是24个点，6个面，也可以是5个面，地面用三维地形，就不需要天空盒来覆盖了。

而要做出天空的效果，我们就必须要去找到一些天空的纹理素材，找到几张无缝拼接的图片，作为纹理贴图，这样我们看起来才不会穿帮。

## 二.天空盒类的设计 ##

天空盒其实比较简单，就是一个立方体，然后在立方体的内侧进行纹理贴图即可。要注意的就是纹理贴图的顺序不要搞错，不然一眼就会被发现。

和之前的地形系统一样，都需要保存设备指针，系统内部自己设定顶点，然后根据参数初始化天空盒的大小，以及设置纹理贴图。使用时，我们只需要设定这几个参数就可以创建出各式各样的天空系统啦！

.h文件

/*!
     * \file SkyBox.h
     *
     * \author puppet_master
     * \date 七月 2015
     *
     * 三维天空盒的封装
     */
    #ifndef __SKYBOX_H_
    #define __SKYBOX_H_
    
    #pragma once
    
    struct SkyBoxVertex
    {
    	float x, y, z;  //定点位置
    	float u, v;		//纹理位置
    };
    #define D3DFVF_SKYBOX D3DFVF_XYZ | D3DFVF_TEX1
    
    
    class CSkyBox
    {
    private:
    	LPDIRECT3DDEVICE9 m_pDevice;			//设备指针
    	LPDIRECT3DVERTEXBUFFER9 m_pVertexBuffer;//定点缓冲区指针
    	LPDIRECT3DTEXTURE9 m_pTexture[5];		//纹理对象指针
    	float m_fLength;						//天空盒宽度
    public:
    	CSkyBox(LPDIRECT3DDEVICE9 pDevice);
    	virtual ~CSkyBox(void);
    
    	//初始化天空盒
    	bool InitSkyBox(float length);
    
    	//加载纹理
    	bool InitSkyBoxTexture(LPSTR szFrontTexture, LPSTR szBackTexture, LPSTR szLeftTexture, LPSTR szRightTexture, LPSTR szTopTexture);
    	
    	//渲染天空盒
    	void RenderSkyBox(D3DXMATRIX *matWorld, bool bRenderFrame = false);
    };
    
    
    #endif

.cpp文件

#include "stdafx.h"
    #include "SkyBox.h"
    
    
    CSkyBox::CSkyBox(LPDIRECT3DDEVICE9 pDevice)
    {
    	m_pDevice = pDevice;
    	m_pVertexBuffer = NULL;
    	for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
    		m_pTexture[i] = NULL;
    	m_fLength = 0.0f;
    }
    
    
    CSkyBox::~CSkyBox(void)
    {
    	SAFE_RELEASE(m_pVertexBuffer);
    	for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
    	{
    		SAFE_RELEASE(m_pTexture[i]);
    	}
    }
    
    bool CSkyBox::InitSkyBox(float length)
    {
    	m_fLength = length;
    
    	//创建定点缓冲区
    	m_pDevice->CreateVertexBuffer(20 * sizeof(SkyBoxVertex), 0, D3DFVF_SKYBOX, D3DPOOL_MANAGED, &m_pVertexBuffer, 0);
    
    	SkyBoxVertex vertices[] = 
    	{
    		//前面的顶点
    		{-m_fLength / 2, 0.0f, m_fLength / 2, 0.0f, 1.0f,},
    		{-m_fLength / 2, m_fLength / 2, m_fLength / 2, 0.0f, 0.0f,}, 
    		{m_fLength / 2, 0.0f, m_fLength / 2, 1.0f, 1.0f,},
    		{m_fLength / 2, m_fLength / 2, m_fLength / 2,  1.0f, 0.0f,},
    
    		//后面的顶点
    		{m_fLength / 2, 0.0f, -m_fLength / 2, 0.0f, 1.0f,},
    		{m_fLength / 2, m_fLength / 2, -m_fLength / 2, 0.0f, 0.0f,},
    		{-m_fLength / 2, 0.0f, -m_fLength / 2, 1.0f, 1.0f,},
    		{-m_fLength / 2, m_fLength / 2, -m_fLength / 2, 1.0f, 0.0f,},
    
    		//左面的顶点
    		{-m_fLength / 2, 0.0f, -m_fLength / 2 , 0.0f, 1.0f,},
    		{-m_fLength / 2, m_fLength / 2, -m_fLength / 2, 0.0f, 0.0f,},
    		{-m_fLength / 2, 0.0f, m_fLength / 2, 1.0f, 1.0f,},
    		{-m_fLength / 2, m_fLength / 2, m_fLength / 2, 1.0f, 0.0f,},
    
    		//右面的顶点
    		{m_fLength / 2, 0.0f, m_fLength / 2, 0.0f, 1.0f,},
    		{m_fLength / 2, m_fLength / 2, m_fLength / 2, 0.0f, 0.0f,},
    		{m_fLength / 2, 0.0f, -m_fLength / 2, 1.0f, 1.0f,},
    		{m_fLength / 2, m_fLength / 2, -m_fLength / 2, 1.0f, 0.0f,},
    
    		//上面的顶点
    		{m_fLength / 2, m_fLength / 2, -m_fLength / 2, 1.0f, 0.0f,}, 
    		{m_fLength / 2, m_fLength / 2, m_fLength / 2, 1.0f, 1.0f,},
    		{-m_fLength / 2, m_fLength / 2, -m_fLength / 2, 0.0f, 0.0f,},
    		{-m_fLength / 2, m_fLength / 2, m_fLength / 2, 0.0f, 1.0f,},
    	};
    	//填充定点缓冲数据
    	void* pVertices = NULL;
    	//加锁
    	m_pVertexBuffer->Lock(0, 0, (void**)&pVertices, 0);
    	//拷贝顶点数据到缓冲区中
    	memcpy(pVertices, vertices, sizeof(vertices));
    	//解锁
    	m_pVertexBuffer->Unlock();
    
    
    
    	return true;
    }
    
    bool CSkyBox::InitSkyBoxTexture(LPSTR szFrontTexture, LPSTR szBackTexture, LPSTR szLeftTexture, LPSTR szRightTexture, LPSTR szTopTexture)
    {
    	//从文件中加载天空盒纹理
    	D3DXCreateTextureFromFile(m_pDevice, szFrontTexture, &m_pTexture[0]);//前
    	D3DXCreateTextureFromFile(m_pDevice, szBackTexture, &m_pTexture[1]);//后
    	D3DXCreateTextureFromFile(m_pDevice, szLeftTexture, &m_pTexture[2]);//左
    	D3DXCreateTextureFromFile(m_pDevice, szRightTexture, &m_pTexture[3]);//右
    	D3DXCreateTextureFromFile(m_pDevice, szTopTexture, &m_pTexture[4]);//上
    	
    	return true;
    }
    
    void CSkyBox::RenderSkyBox(D3DXMATRIX *matWorld, bool bRenderFrame /* = false */)
    {
    	//纹理颜色混合的第一个参数用于输出
    	m_pDevice->SetTextureStageState(0, D3DTSS_COLOROP, D3DTOP_SELECTARG1);
    	//纹理颜色混合的第一个参数取纹理的颜色值
    	m_pDevice->SetTextureStageState(0, D3DTSS_COLORARG1, D3DTA_TEXTURE);
    	//世界变换
    	m_pDevice->SetTransform(D3DTS_WORLD, matWorld);
    	//设置资源流
    	m_pDevice->SetStreamSource(0, m_pVertexBuffer, 0, sizeof(SkyBoxVertex));
    	//设置灵活顶点格式
    	m_pDevice->SetFVF(D3DFVF_SKYBOX);
    
    	//绘制
    	for(int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
    	{
    		m_pDevice->SetTexture(0, m_pTexture[i]);
    		m_pDevice->DrawPrimitive(D3DPT_TRIANGLESTRIP, i * 4, 2);
    	}
    }

## 三.天空盒类的使用 ##

全局指针

CSkyBox*      g_pSkyBox      = NULL;	//天空盒类指针

创建天空盒

void CreateSkyBox()
    {
    	g_pSkyBox = new CSkyBox(g_pDevice);
    	g_pSkyBox->InitSkyBox(20000.0f);
    	g_pSkyBox->InitSkyBoxTexture("skyfront.png", "skyback.png", "skyleft.png", "skyright.png", "skytop.png");
    }

绘制

D3DXMatrixTranslation(&matWorldSky, 0.0f, -2000.0f, 0.0f);
    g_pSkyBox->RenderSkyBox(&matWorldSky);

好了，迫不及待的run一下试试：

![Center][]

帅呆了！

换个角度：

![Center 1][]

飞到天外：

![Center 2][]

附上主体代码：

// D3DDemo.cpp : 定义应用程序的入口点。
    //
    
    #include "stdafx.h"
    #include "D3DDemo.h"
    #include "DirectInput.h"
    #include "Camera.h"
    #include "Terrain.h"
    #include "Mesh.h"
    #include "SkyBox.h"
    #include "Particle.h"
    
    #define MAX_LOADSTRING 100
    
    
    // 全局变量:
    HINSTANCE hInst;								// 当前实例
    TCHAR szTitle[MAX_LOADSTRING];					// 标题栏文本
    TCHAR szWindowClass[MAX_LOADSTRING];			// 主窗口类名
    
    // 此代码模块中包含的函数的前向声明:
    HWND                g_hWnd;
    ATOM				MyRegisterClass(HINSTANCE hInstance);
    BOOL				InitInstance(HINSTANCE, int);
    LRESULT CALLBACK	WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);
    
    //---------改造3D窗口需要的内容------------
    LPDIRECT3D9 g_pD3D = NULL;				//D3D接口指针
    LPDIRECT3DDEVICE9 g_pDevice = NULL;		//D3D设备指针
    CDirectInput* g_pDirectInput = NULL;	//控制指针
    CCamera*      g_pCamera      = NULL;    //摄像机指针
    CTerrain*     g_pTerrian     = NULL;	//地形类指针
    CSkyBox*      g_pSkyBox      = NULL;	//天空盒类指针
    CMesh*        g_pMesh1       = NULL;	//网格对象指针1
    CMesh*        g_pMesh2       = NULL;	//网格对象指针2
    CMesh*        g_pMesh3       = NULL;	//网格对象指针3
    
    D3DXMATRIX g_matWorld;							//世界矩阵
    
    
    void onCreatD3D()
    {
    	g_pD3D = Direct3DCreate9(D3D_SDK_VERSION);
    	if (!g_pD3D)
    		return;
    
    	//检测硬件设备能力的方法
    	/*D3DCAPS9 caps;
    	ZeroMemory(&caps, sizeof(caps));
    	g_pD3D->GetDeviceCaps(D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT, D3DDEVTYPE_HAL, &caps);*/
    
    	//获得相关信息，屏幕大小，像素点属性
    	D3DDISPLAYMODE d3ddm;
    	ZeroMemory(&d3ddm, sizeof(d3ddm));
    
    	g_pD3D->GetAdapterDisplayMode(D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT, &d3ddm);
    
    
    	//设置全屏模式
    	D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS d3dpp;
    	ZeroMemory(&d3dpp, sizeof(d3dpp));
    	/*d3dpp.Windowed = false;
    	d3dpp.BackBufferWidth = d3ddm.Width;
    	d3dpp.BackBufferHeight = d3ddm.Height;*/
    
    	d3dpp.Windowed = true;
    	d3dpp.BackBufferFormat = d3ddm.Format;
    	d3dpp.BackBufferCount = 1;
    
    	d3dpp.SwapEffect = D3DSWAPEFFECT_DISCARD;//交换后原缓冲区数据丢弃
    
    	//是否开启自动深度模板缓冲
    	d3dpp.EnableAutoDepthStencil = true;
    	//当前自动深度模板缓冲的格式
    	d3dpp.AutoDepthStencilFormat = D3DFMT_D16;//每个像素点有16位的存储空间，存储离摄像机的距离
    	
    
    	g_pD3D->CreateDevice(D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT, D3DDEVTYPE_HAL, g_hWnd, D3DCREATE_SOFTWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING, &d3dpp, &g_pDevice);
    
    	if (!g_pDevice)
    		return;
    
    	//设置渲染状态，设置启用深度值
    	g_pDevice->SetRenderState(D3DRS_ZENABLE, true);
    
    	//设置渲染状态，关闭灯光
    	//g_pDevice->SetRenderState(D3DRS_LIGHTING, false);
    
    	//设置渲染状态，裁剪模式
    	g_pDevice->SetRenderState(D3DRS_CULLMODE, D3DCULL_NONE);
    
    	//g_pDevice->SetRenderState(D3DRS_CULLMODE, D3DCULL_NONE) ;
    
    }
    
    void CreateMesh()
    {
    	g_pMesh1 = new CMesh(g_pDevice);
    	g_pMesh1->CreateMesh("Demon.X");
    
    	g_pMesh2 = new CMesh(g_pDevice);
    	g_pMesh2->CreateMesh("dragon.X");
    
    	g_pMesh3 = new CMesh(g_pDevice);
    	g_pMesh3->CreateMesh("miki.X");
    }
    
    void CreateCamera()
    {
    	g_pCamera = new CCamera(g_pDevice);
    	g_pCamera->SetCameraPosition(&D3DXVECTOR3(0.0f, 800.0f, -500.0f));
    	g_pCamera->SetTargetPosition(&D3DXVECTOR3(0.0f, 800.0f, 0.0f));
    	g_pCamera->SetViewMatrix();
    	g_pCamera->SetProjectionMartix();
    }
    
    void CreateTerrain()
    {
    	g_pTerrian = new CTerrain(g_pDevice);
    	g_pTerrian->LoadTerrainFromFile(TEXT("heighmap.raw"), TEXT("TerrainTexture.jpg"));
    	g_pTerrian->InitTerrain(200, 200, 100.0f, 5.0f);
    }
    
    void CreateSkyBox()
    {
    	g_pSkyBox = new CSkyBox(g_pDevice);
    	g_pSkyBox->InitSkyBox(20000.0f);
    	g_pSkyBox->InitSkyBoxTexture("skyfront.png", "skyback.png", "skyleft.png", "skyright.png", "skytop.png");
    }
    
    void SetLight()
    {
    	D3DLIGHT9 light;  
    	::ZeroMemory(&light, sizeof(light));  
    	light.Type          = D3DLIGHT_DIRECTIONAL;  
    	light.Ambient       = D3DXCOLOR(0.7f, 0.7f, 0.7f, 1.0f);  
    	light.Diffuse       = D3DXCOLOR(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);  
    	light.Specular      = D3DXCOLOR(0.9f, 0.9f, 0.9f, 1.0f);  
    	light.Direction     = D3DXVECTOR3(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);  
    	g_pDevice->SetLight(0, &light);  
    	g_pDevice->LightEnable(0, true);  
    	g_pDevice->SetRenderState(D3DRS_NORMALIZENORMALS, true);  
    	g_pDevice->SetRenderState(D3DRS_SPECULARENABLE, true);
    }
    
    
    
    void onInit()
    {
    	//初始化D3D
    	onCreatD3D();
    
    	//创建Mesh模型
    	CreateMesh();
    
    	//创建摄像机
    	CreateCamera();
    
    	//创建地形
    	CreateTerrain();
    
    	//创建天空盒
    	CreateSkyBox();
    	
    	//设置光照
    	SetLight();
    }
    
    
    
    void onDestroy()
    {
    	SAFE_DELETE(g_pDirectInput);
    	SAFE_DELETE(g_pCamera);
    	SAFE_DELETE(g_pTerrian);
    	SAFE_DELETE(g_pSkyBox);
    	SAFE_RELEASE(g_pDevice);
    	SAFE_DELETE(g_pMesh1);
    	SAFE_DELETE(g_pMesh2);
    	SAFE_DELETE(g_pMesh3);
    }
    
    void onLogic(float fElapsedTime)
    {
    	//使用DirectInput类读取数据
    	g_pDirectInput->GetInput();
    
    	// 沿摄像机各分量移动视角
    	if (g_pDirectInput->IsKeyDown(DIK_A))  g_pCamera->MoveAlongRightVec(-10.0f);
    	if (g_pDirectInput->IsKeyDown(DIK_D))  g_pCamera->MoveAlongRightVec( 10.0f);
    	if (g_pDirectInput->IsKeyDown(DIK_W)) g_pCamera->MoveAlongLookVec( 10.0f);
    	if (g_pDirectInput->IsKeyDown(DIK_S))  g_pCamera->MoveAlongLookVec(-10.0f);
    	if (g_pDirectInput->IsKeyDown(DIK_I))  g_pCamera->MoveAlongUpVec( 10.0f);
    	if (g_pDirectInput->IsKeyDown(DIK_K))  g_pCamera->MoveAlongUpVec(-10.0f);
    
    	//沿摄像机各分量旋转视角
    	if (g_pDirectInput->IsKeyDown(DIK_LEFT))  g_pCamera->RotationUpVec(-0.003f);
    	if (g_pDirectInput->IsKeyDown(DIK_RIGHT))  g_pCamera->RotationUpVec( 0.003f);
    	if (g_pDirectInput->IsKeyDown(DIK_UP))  g_pCamera->RotationRightVec(-0.003f);
    	if (g_pDirectInput->IsKeyDown(DIK_DOWN))  g_pCamera->RotationRightVec( 0.003f);
    	if (g_pDirectInput->IsKeyDown(DIK_J)) g_pCamera->RotationLookVec(-0.001f);
    	if (g_pDirectInput->IsKeyDown(DIK_L)) g_pCamera->RotationLookVec( 0.001f);
    
    	//鼠标控制右向量和上向量的旋转
    	//g_pCamera->RotationUpVec(g_pDirectInput->MouseDX()* 0.001f);
    	//g_pCamera->RotationRightVec(g_pDirectInput->MouseDY() * 0.001f);
    
    	//鼠标滚轮控制观察点收缩操作
    	static FLOAT fPosZ=0.0f;
    	fPosZ += g_pDirectInput->MouseDZ()*3.0f;
    
    	//计算并设置取景变换矩阵
    	D3DXMATRIX matView;
    	g_pCamera->CalculateViewMatrix(&matView);
    	g_pDevice->SetTransform(D3DTS_VIEW, &matView);
    
    	//把正确的世界变换矩阵存到g_matWorld中
    	D3DXMatrixTranslation(&g_matWorld, 0.0f, 0.0f, fPosZ);
    
    }
    
    void onRender(float fElasedTime)
    {
    	//前两个参数是0和NULL时，清空整个游戏窗口的内容（清的是后台）
    	//第三个是清除的对象：前面表示清除颜色缓冲区，后面表示清除深度缓冲区,D3DCLEAR_STENCIL清空模板缓冲区
    	g_pDevice->Clear(0, NULL, D3DCLEAR_TARGET|D3DCLEAR_ZBUFFER, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(0,100,100), 1.0f, 0);
    
    	g_pDevice->BeginScene();
    
    	D3DXMATRIX matWorld1, matWorld2, matWorld3, matWorldTerrain, matWorldSky;  
    	D3DXMatrixTranslation(&matWorld1, 0.0f, 800.0f, 0.0f);  
    	D3DXMatrixTranslation(&matWorld2, 0.0f, 1300.0f, 0.0f);
    	D3DXMatrixTranslation(&matWorld3, -30.0f, 900.0f, -50.0f);
    	D3DXMatrixTranslation(&matWorldTerrain, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
    	D3DXMatrixTranslation(&matWorldSky, 0.0f, -2000.0f, 0.0f);
    
    	g_pMesh1->DrawMesh(matWorld1);
    	g_pMesh2->DrawMesh(matWorld2);
    	g_pMesh3->DrawMesh(matWorld3);
    	g_pSkyBox->RenderSkyBox(&matWorldSky);
    	g_pTerrian->RenderTerrain(&matWorldTerrain, false);
    
    	g_pDevice->EndScene();
    
    
    	g_pDevice->Present(NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
    }
    
    
    int APIENTRY _tWinMain(_In_ HINSTANCE hInstance,
                         _In_opt_ HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
                         _In_ LPTSTR    lpCmdLine,
                         _In_ int       nCmdShow){
    	UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER(hPrevInstance);
    	UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER(lpCmdLine);
    
     	// TODO: 在此放置代码。
    	MSG msg;
    	HACCEL hAccelTable;
    
    	// 初始化全局字符串
    	LoadString(hInstance, IDS_APP_TITLE, szTitle, MAX_LOADSTRING);
    	LoadString(hInstance, IDC_D3DDEMO, szWindowClass, MAX_LOADSTRING);
    	MyRegisterClass(hInstance);
    
    	// 执行应用程序初始化:
    	if (!InitInstance (hInstance, nCmdShow))
    	{
    		return FALSE;
    	}
    
    	hAccelTable = LoadAccelerators(hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDC_D3DDEMO));
    
    	
    
    	ZeroMemory(&msg, sizeof(msg));
    	while (msg.message != WM_QUIT)
    	{
    		if (PeekMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE))
    		{
    			TranslateMessage(&msg);
    			DispatchMessage(&msg);
    		}
    		else
    		{
    			static DWORD dwTime = timeGetTime();
    			DWORD dwCurrentTime = timeGetTime();
    			DWORD dwElapsedTime = dwCurrentTime - dwTime;
    			float fElapsedTime = dwElapsedTime * 0.001f;
    
    			//------------渲染和逻辑部分代码----------
    			onLogic(fElapsedTime);
    			onRender(fElapsedTime);
    			//-----------------------------------------
    			if (dwElapsedTime < 1000 / 60)
    			{
    				Sleep(1000/ 60 - dwElapsedTime);
    			}
    			dwTime = dwCurrentTime;
    		}
    	}
    
    	onDestroy();
    	return (int) msg.wParam;
    }
    
    
    
    //
    //  函数: MyRegisterClass()
    //
    //  目的: 注册窗口类。
    //
    ATOM MyRegisterClass(HINSTANCE hInstance)
    {
    	WNDCLASSEX wcex;
    
    	wcex.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);
    
    	wcex.style			= CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
    	wcex.lpfnWndProc	= WndProc;
    	wcex.cbClsExtra		= 0;
    	wcex.cbWndExtra		= 0;
    	wcex.hInstance		= hInstance;
    	wcex.hIcon			= LoadIcon(hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_D3DDEMO));
    	wcex.hCursor		= LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
    	wcex.hbrBackground	= (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+1);
    	wcex.lpszMenuName	= MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDC_D3DDEMO);
    	wcex.lpszClassName	= szWindowClass;
    	wcex.hIconSm		= LoadIcon(wcex.hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_SMALL));
    
    	return RegisterClassEx(&wcex);
    }
    
    //
    //   函数: InitInstance(HINSTANCE, int)
    //
    //   目的: 保存实例句柄并创建主窗口
    //
    //   注释:
    //
    //        在此函数中，我们在全局变量中保存实例句柄并
    //        创建和显示主程序窗口。
    //
    BOOL InitInstance(HINSTANCE hInstance, int nCmdShow)
    {
    
       hInst = hInstance; // 将实例句柄存储在全局变量中
    
       g_hWnd = CreateWindow(szWindowClass, szTitle, WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
          CW_USEDEFAULT, 0, CW_USEDEFAULT, 0, NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL);
    
       if (!g_hWnd)
       {
          return FALSE;
       }
    
      //初始化DirectInput类
       g_pDirectInput = new CDirectInput();
       g_pDirectInput->Init(g_hWnd, hInst, DISCL_FOREGROUND|DISCL_NONEXCLUSIVE, DISCL_FOREGROUND|DISCL_NONEXCLUSIVE);
    
       SetMenu(g_hWnd, NULL);
       ShowWindow(g_hWnd, nCmdShow);
       UpdateWindow(g_hWnd);
    
       onInit();
    
       return TRUE;
    }
    
    //
    //  函数: WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM)
    //
    //  目的: 处理主窗口的消息。
    //
    //  WM_COMMAND	- 处理应用程序菜单
    //  WM_PAINT	- 绘制主窗口
    //  WM_DESTROY	- 发送退出消息并返回
    //
    //
    LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND g_hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
    {
    	switch (message)
    	{
    	case WM_KEYDOWN:
    		if (wParam == VK_ESCAPE)
    			PostQuitMessage(0);
    		break;
    	case WM_CLOSE:
    		DestroyWindow(g_hWnd);
    		break;
    	case WM_DESTROY:
    		PostQuitMessage(0);
    		break;
    	default:
    		return DefWindowProc(g_hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);
    	}
    	return 0;
    }

[Center]: /images/20220731/fdf9b9e5c3e640878d5a9cf84a30942e.png
[Center 1]: /images/20220731/80001bc8e15d4d4591487882dd7d5c35.png
[Center 2]: /images/20220731/356047adfdef45b7ba88dc8babd90232.png