CentOS7网络配置

短命女 2022-06-01 06:19 357阅读 0赞

原文网址:http://blog.csdn.net/cmzsteven/article/details/49777667

CentOS7中已经取消了ifconfig，用nmcli进行了代替，服务管理也升级为systemd。所以之前在6.x版本上的网络配置操作在7.x上行不通了。

下面介绍一下在CentOS7.x上进行网络配置的方法。

  1. 环境准备：新安装的CentOS7.x，最小化安装，没有进行网络配置。

1、查看当前网卡信息

  1. [wangdeqiang@localhost ~]$ nmcli connection show
  2. 名称    UUID                                  类型            设备   
  3. enp0s3  ae1646b6-4867-4aa8-ac04-a45551f0e4ea  802-3-ethernet  enp0s3 
  4. virbr0  967c8dc2-0a07-46a1-a3bb-b07a5c6ab662  bridge

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CentOS7中对网上的命名规则有所变更，具体规则如下：

  1. eno1 ：代表由主板 BIOS 內建的网卡
  2. ens1 ：代表由主板 BIOS 內建的 PCI-E 界面的网卡
  3. enp2s0 ：代表 PCI-E 界面的独立网卡，可能有多个网卡接口，因此会有 s0, s1... 的编号
  4. eth0 ：如果上述的名称都不适用，就回到原本的预设网卡编号

由于现在网卡没有启用，也没有建立相关的配置文件，因此在DEVICE 栏位里显示的是”—”。在配置完成，重启网络服务后就会显示相应的设备名，在我的虚拟机上显示的是“enp0s3”

2、使用nmcli命令手工配置网卡
需要配置的网络信息：

  1. IP地址：172.20.31.221/24 
  2. 网关:172.20.31.240 
  3. DNS:202.96.69.38

命令：

  1. [wangdeqiang@localhost ~]$ nmcli connection modify enp0s3 \
  2. > connection.autoconnect yes \
  3. > ipv4.method manual \
  4. > ipv4.address 172.20.31.221/24 \
  5. > ipv4.gateway 172.20.31.240 \
  6. > ipv4.dns 202.96.64.68

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autoconnect 是设置开机自动连接
ipv4.method 是设置手工配置IPV4地址

重启网络服务

  1. systemctl restart network

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3、查看配置后的网卡配置信息

  1. [wangdeqiang@localhost ~]$ nmcli connection show enp0s3
  2. connection.id:                          enp0s3
  3. connection.uuid:                        ae1646b6-4867-4aa8-ac04-a45551f0e4ea
  4. connection.stable-id:                   --
  5. connection.interface-name:              enp0s3
  6. connection.type:                        802-3-ethernet
  7. connection.autoconnect:                 yes
  8. connection.autoconnect-priority:        0
  9. connection.autoconnect-retries:         -1 (默认)
  10. connection.timestamp:                   1516626418
  11. connection.read-only:                   no
  12. connection.permissions:                 --
  13. connection.zone:                        --
  14. connection.master:                      --
  15. connection.slave-type:                  --
  16. connection.autoconnect-slaves:          -1 (默认)
  17. connection.secondaries:                 --
  18. connection.gateway-ping-timeout:        0
  19. connection.metered:                     未知
  20. connection.lldp:                        -1 (default)
  21. 802-3-ethernet.port:                    --
  22. 802-3-ethernet.speed:                   0
  23. 802-3-ethernet.duplex:                  --
  24. 802-3-ethernet.auto-negotiate:          no
  25. 802-3-ethernet.mac-address:             --
  26. 802-3-ethernet.cloned-mac-address:      --
  27. 802-3-ethernet.generate-mac-address-mask:--
  28. 802-3-ethernet.mac-address-blacklist:   --
  29. 802-3-ethernet.mtu:                     自动
  30. 802-3-ethernet.s390-subchannels:        --
  31. 802-3-ethernet.s390-nettype:            --
  32. 802-3-ethernet.s390-options:            --
  33. 802-3-ethernet.wake-on-lan:             1 (default)
  34. 802-3-ethernet.wake-on-lan-password:    --
  35. ipv4.method:                            manual
  36. ipv4.dns:                               202.96.64.68
  37. ipv4.dns-search:                        --
  38. ipv4.dns-options:                       （默认）
  39. ipv4.dns-priority:                      0
  40. ipv4.addresses:                         172.20.31.221/24
  41. ipv4.gateway:                           172.20.31.240
  42. ipv4.routes:                            --
  43. ipv4.route-metric:                      -1
  44. ipv4.ignore-auto-routes:                no
  45. ipv4.ignore-auto-dns:                   no
  46. ipv4.dhcp-client-id:                    --
  47. ipv4.dhcp-timeout:                      0
  48. ipv4.dhcp-send-hostname:                yes
  49. ipv4.dhcp-hostname:                     --
  50. ipv4.dhcp-fqdn:                         --
  51. ipv4.never-default:                     no
  52. ipv4.may-fail:                          yes
  53. ipv4.dad-timeout:                       -1 (默认)
  54. ipv6.method:                            auto
  55. ipv6.dns:                               --
  56. ipv6.dns-search:                        --
  57. ipv6.dns-options:                       （默认）
  58. ipv6.dns-priority:                      0
  59. ipv6.addresses:                         --
  60. ipv6.gateway:                           --
  61. ipv6.routes:                            --
  62. ipv6.route-metric:                      -1
  63. ipv6.ignore-auto-routes:                no
  64. ipv6.ignore-auto-dns:                   no
  65. ipv6.never-default:                     no
  66. ipv6.may-fail:                          yes
  67. ipv6.ip6-privacy:                       -1 (未知)
  68. ipv6.addr-gen-mode:                     stable-privacy
  69. ipv6.dhcp-send-hostname:                yes
  70. ipv6.dhcp-hostname:                     --
  71. ipv6.token:                             --
  72. proxy.method:                           none
  73. proxy.browser-only:                     no
  74. proxy.pac-url:                          --
  75. proxy.pac-script:                       --
  76. GENERAL.名称:                           enp0s3
  77. GENERAL.UUID:                           ae1646b6-4867-4aa8-ac04-a45551f0e4ea
  78. GENERAL.设备:                           enp0s3
  79. GENERAL.状态:                           已激活
  80. GENERAL.默认:                           是
  81. GENERAL.默认6:                          否
  82. GENERAL.VPN 参数:                       否
  83. GENERAL.区:                             --
  84. GENERAL.DBUS路径:                       /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/4
  85. GENERAL.连接路径:                       /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/Settings/1
  86. GENERAL.指定对象:                       --
  87. GENERAL.主路径:                         --
  88. IP4.地址[1]:                            172.20.31.221/24
  89. IP4.网关:                               172.20.31.240
  90. IP4.DNS[1]:                             202.96.64.68
  91. IP6.地址[1]:                            fe80::6c87:9541:45b7:f8d8/64
  92. IP6.网关:

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因为在CentOS7.x中取消了ifconfig命令， 我们使用ip addr来代替。

  1. [wangdeqiang@localhost ~]$ ip addr
  2. 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1
  3.     link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
  4.     inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
  5.        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
  6.     inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
  7.        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
  8. 2: enp0s3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
  9.     link/ether 08:00:27:dc:63:24 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
  10.     inet 172.20.31.221/24 brd 172.20.31.255 scope global enp0s3
  11.        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
  12.     inet6 fe80::6c87:9541:45b7:f8d8/64 scope link 
  13.        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
  14. 3: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN qlen 1000
  15.     link/ether 52:54:00:75:ff:72 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
  16.     inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0
  17.        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
  18. 4: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master virbr0 state DOWN qlen 1000
  19.     link/ether 52:54:00:75:ff:72 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
  20. [wangdeqiang@localhost ~]$

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4、设置双IP

  1. [wangdeqiang@localhost ~]$ cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
  2. [wangdeqiang@localhost network-scripts]$ sudo cp ifcfg-enp0s3 ifcfg-enp0s3:1
  3. [sudo] wangdeqiang 的密码：
  4. [wangdeqiang@localhost network-scripts]$ vi ifcfg-enp0s3:1

SouthEast 5

将下列二项内容进行修改：

  1. TYPE=Ethernet
  2. PROXY_METHOD=none
  3. BROWSER_ONLY=no
  4. BOOTPROTO=none
  5. DEFROUTE=yes
  6. IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
  7. IPV6INIT=yes
  8. IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
  9. IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
  10. IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
  11. IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy
  12. NAME=enp0s3
  13. UUID=ae1646b6-4867-4aa8-ac04-a45551f0e4ea
  14. DEVICE=enp0s3
  15. ONBOOT=yes
  16. IPADDR=172.20.31.221
  17. PREFIX=24
  18. GATEWAY=172.20.31.240
  19. DNS1=202.96.64.68

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保存退出后，生词网络服务，然后查看配置信息

CentOS7怎么保存退出vi编辑

-—————————————————————————

保存命令

按ESC键 跳到命令模式，然后：

  1. :w 保存文件但不退出vi
  3. :w file 将修改另外保存到file中，不退出vi
  5. :w! 强制保存，不推出vi
  7. :wq 保存文件并退出vi
  9. :wq! 强制保存文件，并退出vi
  11. q: 不保存文件，退出vi
  13. :q! 不保存文件，强制退出vi
  15. :e! 放弃所有修改，从上次保存文件开始再编辑

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保存退出后，生词网络服务，然后查看配置信息

  1. [wangdeqiang@localhost network-scripts]$ nmcli connection show enp0s3
  2. connection.id:                          enp0s3
  3. connection.uuid:                        ae1646b6-4867-4aa8-ac04-a45551f0e4ea
  4. connection.stable-id:                   --
  5. connection.interface-name:              enp0s3
  6. connection.type:                        802-3-ethernet
  7. connection.autoconnect:                 yes
  8. connection.autoconnect-priority:        0
  9. connection.autoconnect-retries:         -1 (默认)
  10. connection.timestamp:                   1516628218
  11. connection.read-only:                   no
  12. connection.permissions:                 --
  13. connection.zone:                        --
  14. connection.master:                      --
  15. connection.slave-type:                  --
  16. connection.autoconnect-slaves:          -1 (默认)
  17. connection.secondaries:                 --
  18. connection.gateway-ping-timeout:        0
  19. connection.metered:                     未知
  20. connection.lldp:                        -1 (default)
  21. 802-3-ethernet.port:                    --
  22. 802-3-ethernet.speed:                   0
  23. 802-3-ethernet.duplex:                  --
  24. 802-3-ethernet.auto-negotiate:          no
  25. 802-3-ethernet.mac-address:             --
  26. 802-3-ethernet.cloned-mac-address:      --
  27. 802-3-ethernet.generate-mac-address-mask:--
  28. 802-3-ethernet.mac-address-blacklist:   --
  29. 802-3-ethernet.mtu:                     自动
  30. 802-3-ethernet.s390-subchannels:        --
  31. 802-3-ethernet.s390-nettype:            --
  32. 802-3-ethernet.s390-options:            --
  33. 802-3-ethernet.wake-on-lan:             1 (default)
  34. 802-3-ethernet.wake-on-lan-password:    --
  35. ipv4.method:                            manual
  36. ipv4.dns:                               202.96.64.68
  37. ipv4.dns-search:                        --
  38. ipv4.dns-options:                       （默认）
  39. ipv4.dns-priority:                      0
  40. ipv4.addresses:                         172.20.31.221/24
  41. ipv4.gateway:                           172.20.31.240
  42. ipv4.routes:                            --
  43. ipv4.route-metric:                      -1
  44. ipv4.ignore-auto-routes:                no
  45. ipv4.ignore-auto-dns:                   no
  46. ipv4.dhcp-client-id:                    --
  47. ipv4.dhcp-timeout:                      0
  48. ipv4.dhcp-send-hostname:                yes
  49. ipv4.dhcp-hostname:                     --
  50. ipv4.dhcp-fqdn:                         --
  51. ipv4.never-default:                     no
  52. ipv4.may-fail:                          yes
  53. ipv4.dad-timeout:                       -1 (默认)
  54. ipv6.method:                            auto
  55. ipv6.dns:                               --
  56. ipv6.dns-search:                        --
  57. ipv6.dns-options:                       （默认）
  58. ipv6.dns-priority:                      0
  59. ipv6.addresses:                         --
  60. ipv6.gateway:                           --
  61. ipv6.routes:                            --
  62. ipv6.route-metric:                      -1
  63. ipv6.ignore-auto-routes:                no
  64. ipv6.ignore-auto-dns:                   no
  65. ipv6.never-default:                     no
  66. ipv6.may-fail:                          yes
  67. ipv6.ip6-privacy:                       -1 (未知)
  68. ipv6.addr-gen-mode:                     stable-privacy
  69. ipv6.dhcp-send-hostname:                yes
  70. ipv6.dhcp-hostname:                     --
  71. ipv6.token:                             --
  72. proxy.method:                           none
  73. proxy.browser-only:                     no
  74. proxy.pac-url:                          --
  75. proxy.pac-script:                       --
  76. GENERAL.名称:                           enp0s3
  77. GENERAL.UUID:                           ae1646b6-4867-4aa8-ac04-a45551f0e4ea
  78. GENERAL.设备:                           enp0s3
  79. GENERAL.状态:                           已激活
  80. GENERAL.默认:                           是
  81. GENERAL.默认6:                          否
  82. GENERAL.VPN 参数:                       否
  83. GENERAL.区:                             --
  84. GENERAL.DBUS路径:                       /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/4
  85. GENERAL.连接路径:                       /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/Settings/1
  86. GENERAL.指定对象:                       --
  87. GENERAL.主路径:                         --
  88. IP4.地址[1]:                            172.20.31.221/24
  89. IP4.网关:                               172.20.31.240
  90. IP4.DNS[1]:                             202.96.64.68
  91. IP6.地址[1]:                            fe80::6c87:9541:45b7:f8d8/64
  92. IP6.网关:                               --

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查看全部网络设备信息

  1. [wangdeqiang@localhost network-scripts]$ ip addr
  2. 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1
  3.     link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
  4.     inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
  5.        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
  6.     inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
  7.        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
  11. 2: enp0s3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 08:00:27:ef:69:36 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 172.20.31.221/24 brd 172.20.31.255 scope global enp0s3 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet 172.20.31.222/24 brd 172.20.31.255 scope global secondary enp0s3:1 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:feef:6936/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
  15. 3: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN qlen 1000
  16.     link/ether 52:54:00:75:ff:72 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
  17.     inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0
  18.        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
  19. 4: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master virbr0 state DOWN qlen 1000
  20.     link/ether 52:54:00:75:ff:72 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
  21. [wangdeqiang@localhost network-scripts]$

SouthEast 9
在enp0s3中会出现二个”inet”，包含配置过的二个IP的信息。

5、配置hostname
使用hostnamectl来配置主机的hostname

  1. [wangdeqiang@localhost network-scripts]$ hostnamectl set-hostname www.cmzsteven.com
  2. [wangdeqiang@localhost network-scripts]$ cat /etc/hostname
  3. www.cmzsteven.com

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6、自动获取IP地址
如果局域网里有DHCP服务器，那么可以使用自动获取来取得主机的IP等相关信息

[wangdeqiang@localhost network-scripts]$ nmcli connection modify enp0s3 \

connection.autoconnect yes \
ipv4.method auto

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