CentOS7网络配置

àì夳堔傛蜴生んèń 2022-06-01 06:26 284阅读 0赞

原文网址:[http://blog.csdn.net/cmzsteven/article/details/49777667][http_blog.csdn.net_cmzsteven_article_details_49777667]

\*\*CentOS7中已经取消了ifconfig，用nmcli进行了代替，服务管理也升级为systemd。所以之前在6.x版本上的网络配置操作在7.x上行不通了。  
下面介绍一下在CentOS7.x上进行网络配置的方法。\*\*

环境准备：新安装的CentOS7.x，最小化安装，没有进行网络配置。

**1、查看当前网卡信息**

[wangdeqiang@localhost ~]$ nmcli connection show
    名称    UUID                                  类型            设备   
    enp0s3  ae1646b6-4867-4aa8-ac04-a45551f0e4ea  802-3-ethernet  enp0s3 
    virbr0  967c8dc2-0a07-46a1-a3bb-b07a5c6ab662  bridge

*终端截图：*  
![这里写图片描述][SouthEast]

**CentOS7中对网上的命名规则有所变更，具体规则如下：**

eno1 ：代表由主板 BIOS 內建的网卡  
    ens1 ：代表由主板 BIOS 內建的 PCI-E 界面的网卡  
    enp2s0 ：代表 PCI-E 界面的独立网卡，可能有多个网卡接口，因此会有 s0, s1... 的编号  
    eth0 ：如果上述的名称都不适用，就回到原本的预设网卡编号

*由于现在网卡没有启用，也没有建立相关的配置文件，因此在DEVICE 栏位里显示的是”—”。在配置完成，重启网络服务后就会显示相应的设备名，在我的虚拟机上显示的是“enp0s3”*

\*\*2、使用nmcli命令手工配置网卡  
需要配置的网络信息：\*\*

IP地址：172.20.31.221/24   
    网关:172.20.31.240   
    DNS:202.96.69.38

*命令：*

[wangdeqiang@localhost ~]$ nmcli connection modify enp0s3 \  
    > connection.autoconnect yes \  
    > ipv4.method manual \  
    > ipv4.address 172.20.31.221/24 \  
    > ipv4.gateway 172.20.31.240 \  
    > ipv4.dns 202.96.64.68

*终端截图*  
![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 1]  
\*autoconnect 是设置开机自动连接  
ipv4.method 是设置手工配置IPV4地址\*

**重启网络服务**

systemctl restart network

*终端截图*  
![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 2]

**3、查看配置后的网卡配置信息**

[wangdeqiang@localhost ~]$ nmcli connection show enp0s3
    connection.id:                          enp0s3
    connection.uuid:                        ae1646b6-4867-4aa8-ac04-a45551f0e4ea
    connection.stable-id:                   --
    connection.interface-name:              enp0s3
    connection.type:                        802-3-ethernet
    connection.autoconnect:                 yes
    connection.autoconnect-priority:        0
    connection.autoconnect-retries:         -1 (默认)
    connection.timestamp:                   1516626418
    connection.read-only:                   no
    connection.permissions:                 --
    connection.zone:                        --
    connection.master:                      --
    connection.slave-type:                  --
    connection.autoconnect-slaves:          -1 (默认)
    connection.secondaries:                 --
    connection.gateway-ping-timeout:        0
    connection.metered:                     未知
    connection.lldp:                        -1 (default)
    802-3-ethernet.port:                    --
    802-3-ethernet.speed:                   0
    802-3-ethernet.duplex:                  --
    802-3-ethernet.auto-negotiate:          no
    802-3-ethernet.mac-address:             --
    802-3-ethernet.cloned-mac-address:      --
    802-3-ethernet.generate-mac-address-mask:--
    802-3-ethernet.mac-address-blacklist:   --
    802-3-ethernet.mtu:                     自动
    802-3-ethernet.s390-subchannels:        --
    802-3-ethernet.s390-nettype:            --
    802-3-ethernet.s390-options:            --
    802-3-ethernet.wake-on-lan:             1 (default)
    802-3-ethernet.wake-on-lan-password:    --
    ipv4.method:                            manual
    ipv4.dns:                               202.96.64.68
    ipv4.dns-search:                        --
    ipv4.dns-options:                       （默认）
    ipv4.dns-priority:                      0
    ipv4.addresses:                         172.20.31.221/24
    ipv4.gateway:                           172.20.31.240
    ipv4.routes:                            --
    ipv4.route-metric:                      -1
    ipv4.ignore-auto-routes:                no
    ipv4.ignore-auto-dns:                   no
    ipv4.dhcp-client-id:                    --
    ipv4.dhcp-timeout:                      0
    ipv4.dhcp-send-hostname:                yes
    ipv4.dhcp-hostname:                     --
    ipv4.dhcp-fqdn:                         --
    ipv4.never-default:                     no
    ipv4.may-fail:                          yes
    ipv4.dad-timeout:                       -1 (默认)
    ipv6.method:                            auto
    ipv6.dns:                               --
    ipv6.dns-search:                        --
    ipv6.dns-options:                       （默认）
    ipv6.dns-priority:                      0
    ipv6.addresses:                         --
    ipv6.gateway:                           --
    ipv6.routes:                            --
    ipv6.route-metric:                      -1
    ipv6.ignore-auto-routes:                no
    ipv6.ignore-auto-dns:                   no
    ipv6.never-default:                     no
    ipv6.may-fail:                          yes
    ipv6.ip6-privacy:                       -1 (未知)
    ipv6.addr-gen-mode:                     stable-privacy
    ipv6.dhcp-send-hostname:                yes
    ipv6.dhcp-hostname:                     --
    ipv6.token:                             --
    proxy.method:                           none
    proxy.browser-only:                     no
    proxy.pac-url:                          --
    proxy.pac-script:                       --
    GENERAL.名称:                           enp0s3
    GENERAL.UUID:                           ae1646b6-4867-4aa8-ac04-a45551f0e4ea
    GENERAL.设备:                           enp0s3
    GENERAL.状态:                           已激活
    GENERAL.默认:                           是
    GENERAL.默认6:                          否
    GENERAL.VPN 参数:                       否
    GENERAL.区:                             --
    GENERAL.DBUS路径:                       /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/4
    GENERAL.连接路径:                       /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/Settings/1
    GENERAL.指定对象:                       --
    GENERAL.主路径:                         --
    IP4.地址[1]:                            172.20.31.221/24
    IP4.网关:                               172.20.31.240
    IP4.DNS[1]:                             202.96.64.68
    IP6.地址[1]:                            fe80::6c87:9541:45b7:f8d8/64
    IP6.网关:

*终端截图*  
![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 3]

*因为在CentOS7.x中取消了ifconfig命令， 我们使用ip addr来代替。*

[wangdeqiang@localhost ~]$ ip addr  
    1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1  
        link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00  
        inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo  
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever  
        inet6 ::1/128 scope host   
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever  
    2: enp0s3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000  
        link/ether 08:00:27:dc:63:24 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff  
        inet 172.20.31.221/24 brd 172.20.31.255 scope global enp0s3  
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever  
        inet6 fe80::6c87:9541:45b7:f8d8/64 scope link   
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever  
    3: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN qlen 1000  
        link/ether 52:54:00:75:ff:72 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff  
        inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0  
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever  
    4: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master virbr0 state DOWN qlen 1000  
        link/ether 52:54:00:75:ff:72 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff  
    [wangdeqiang@localhost ~]$

*终端截图*  
![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 4]

**4、设置双IP**

[wangdeqiang@localhost ~]$ cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/  
    [wangdeqiang@localhost network-scripts]$ sudo cp ifcfg-enp0s3 ifcfg-enp0s3:1  
    [sudo] wangdeqiang 的密码：  
    [wangdeqiang@localhost network-scripts]$ vi ifcfg-enp0s3:1

*终端截图*  
![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 5]

*将下列内容进行修改：*

TYPE=Ethernet  
    PROXY_METHOD=none  
    BROWSER_ONLY=no  
    BOOTPROTO=none  
    DEFROUTE=yes  
    IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no  
    IPV6INIT=yes  
    IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes  
    IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes  
    IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no  
    IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy  
    NAME=enp0s3  
    UUID=ae1646b6-4867-4aa8-ac04-a45551f0e4ea  
    DEVICE=enp0s3  
    ONBOOT=yes  
    IPADDR=172.20.31.221  
    PREFIX=24  
    GATEWAY=172.20.31.240  
    DNS1=202.96.64.68

*终端截图*  
![终端截图][SouthEast 6]

\*保存退出后，生词网络服务，然后查看配置信息

CentOS7怎么保存退出vi编辑

--------------------

保存命令

按ESC键 跳到命令模式，然后：\*

:w 保存文件但不退出vi  
    
    :w file 将修改另外保存到file中，不退出vi  
    
    :w! 强制保存，不推出vi  
    
    :wq 保存文件并退出vi  
    
    :wq! 强制保存文件，并退出vi  
    
    q: 不保存文件，退出vi  
    
    :q! 不保存文件，强制退出vi  
    
    :e! 放弃所有修改，从上次保存文件开始再编辑

*终端截图*  
![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 7]

*保存退出后，生词网络服务，然后查看配置信息*

[wangdeqiang@localhost network-scripts]$ nmcli connection show enp0s3
    connection.id:                          enp0s3
    connection.uuid:                        ae1646b6-4867-4aa8-ac04-a45551f0e4ea
    connection.stable-id:                   --
    connection.interface-name:              enp0s3
    connection.type:                        802-3-ethernet
    connection.autoconnect:                 yes
    connection.autoconnect-priority:        0
    connection.autoconnect-retries:         -1 (默认)
    connection.timestamp:                   1516628218
    connection.read-only:                   no
    connection.permissions:                 --
    connection.zone:                        --
    connection.master:                      --
    connection.slave-type:                  --
    connection.autoconnect-slaves:          -1 (默认)
    connection.secondaries:                 --
    connection.gateway-ping-timeout:        0
    connection.metered:                     未知
    connection.lldp:                        -1 (default)
    802-3-ethernet.port:                    --
    802-3-ethernet.speed:                   0
    802-3-ethernet.duplex:                  --
    802-3-ethernet.auto-negotiate:          no
    802-3-ethernet.mac-address:             --
    802-3-ethernet.cloned-mac-address:      --
    802-3-ethernet.generate-mac-address-mask:--
    802-3-ethernet.mac-address-blacklist:   --
    802-3-ethernet.mtu:                     自动
    802-3-ethernet.s390-subchannels:        --
    802-3-ethernet.s390-nettype:            --
    802-3-ethernet.s390-options:            --
    802-3-ethernet.wake-on-lan:             1 (default)
    802-3-ethernet.wake-on-lan-password:    --
    ipv4.method:                            manual
    ipv4.dns:                               202.96.64.68
    ipv4.dns-search:                        --
    ipv4.dns-options:                       （默认）
    ipv4.dns-priority:                      0
    ipv4.addresses:                         172.20.31.221/24
    ipv4.gateway:                           172.20.31.240
    ipv4.routes:                            --
    ipv4.route-metric:                      -1
    ipv4.ignore-auto-routes:                no
    ipv4.ignore-auto-dns:                   no
    ipv4.dhcp-client-id:                    --
    ipv4.dhcp-timeout:                      0
    ipv4.dhcp-send-hostname:                yes
    ipv4.dhcp-hostname:                     --
    ipv4.dhcp-fqdn:                         --
    ipv4.never-default:                     no
    ipv4.may-fail:                          yes
    ipv4.dad-timeout:                       -1 (默认)
    ipv6.method:                            auto
    ipv6.dns:                               --
    ipv6.dns-search:                        --
    ipv6.dns-options:                       （默认）
    ipv6.dns-priority:                      0
    ipv6.addresses:                         --
    ipv6.gateway:                           --
    ipv6.routes:                            --
    ipv6.route-metric:                      -1
    ipv6.ignore-auto-routes:                no
    ipv6.ignore-auto-dns:                   no
    ipv6.never-default:                     no
    ipv6.may-fail:                          yes
    ipv6.ip6-privacy:                       -1 (未知)
    ipv6.addr-gen-mode:                     stable-privacy
    ipv6.dhcp-send-hostname:                yes
    ipv6.dhcp-hostname:                     --
    ipv6.token:                             --
    proxy.method:                           none
    proxy.browser-only:                     no
    proxy.pac-url:                          --
    proxy.pac-script:                       --
    GENERAL.名称:                           enp0s3
    GENERAL.UUID:                           ae1646b6-4867-4aa8-ac04-a45551f0e4ea
    GENERAL.设备:                           enp0s3
    GENERAL.状态:                           已激活
    GENERAL.默认:                           是
    GENERAL.默认6:                          否
    GENERAL.VPN 参数:                       否
    GENERAL.区:                             --
    GENERAL.DBUS路径:                       /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/4
    GENERAL.连接路径:                       /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/Settings/1
    GENERAL.指定对象:                       --
    GENERAL.主路径:                         --
    IP4.地址[1]:                            172.20.31.221/24
    IP4.网关:                               172.20.31.240
    IP4.DNS[1]:                             202.96.64.68
    IP6.地址[1]:                            fe80::6c87:9541:45b7:f8d8/64
    IP6.网关:                               --

*终端截图*  
![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 8]

*查看全部网络设备信息*

[wangdeqiang@localhost network-scripts]$ ip addr  
    1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1  
        link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00  
        inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo  
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever  
        inet6 ::1/128 scope host   
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever  
    2: enp0s3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000  
        link/ether 08:00:27:ef:69:36 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff  
        inet 172.20.31.221/24 brd 172.20.31.255 scope global enp0s3  
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever  
        inet 172.20.31.222/24 brd 172.20.31.255 scope global secondary enp0s3:1  
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever  
        inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:feef:6936/64 scope link  
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever  
    3: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN qlen 1000  
        link/ether 52:54:00:75:ff:72 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff  
        inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0  
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever  
    4: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master virbr0 state DOWN qlen 1000  
        link/ether 52:54:00:75:ff:72 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff  
    [wangdeqiang@localhost network-scripts]$

![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 9]  
*在enp0s3中会出现二个”inet”，包含配置过的二个IP的信息。*

\*\*5、配置hostname  
使用hostnamectl来配置主机的hostname\*\*

[wangdeqiang@localhost network-scripts]$ hostnamectl set-hostname www.cmzsteven.com  
    [wangdeqiang@localhost network-scripts]$ cat /etc/hostname  
    www.cmzsteven.com

*终端截图*  
![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 10]

\*\*6、自动获取IP地址  
如果局域网里有DHCP服务器，那么可以使用自动获取来取得主机的IP等相关信息\*\*

[wangdeqiang@localhost network-scripts]$ nmcli connection modify enp0s3 \
    > connection.autoconnect yes \
    > ipv4.method auto

*终端截图*  
![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 11]

[http_blog.csdn.net_cmzsteven_article_details_49777667]: http://blog.csdn.net/cmzsteven/article/details/49777667
[SouthEast]: /images/20220601/88fba24a92b641a6a4a99aac6c7d126f.png
[SouthEast 1]: /images/20220601/46370e50b6524900a8e3dd2a3529fb99.png
[SouthEast 2]: /images/20220601/87d047792a4f40628f161cf9b432bc7d.png
[SouthEast 3]: /images/20220601/a493b82a6d8045f8b090b60bcf633030.png
[SouthEast 4]: /images/20220601/ecd9d8dfeb604deeb2771afe1fdd5384.png
[SouthEast 5]: /images/20220601/fcd73e0617e343089b10a847ae9cfe13.png
[SouthEast 6]: /images/20220601/2acfd7fa6e1b4f168b106cfe183b8d1a.png
[SouthEast 7]: /images/20220601/80f425fdc7dd4e718b4aafd192c218bc.png
[SouthEast 8]: /images/20220601/d552186f01024c10aa6338f28d49e164.png
[SouthEast 9]: /images/20220601/80e08196b7874bfeac391bc2c026a6c7.png
[SouthEast 10]: /images/20220601/2cc6b7268bc0490e959a2391fd377aca.png
[SouthEast 11]: /images/20220601/3a8c9b87636c4f3ca3a655450f23ad4c.png