CentOS7下搭建FTP服务器

- 日理万妓 2022-05-20 01:40 329阅读 0赞

**1、安装vsftpd**

首先查看你是否安装了vsftpd

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -q vsftpd
    [root@localhost ~]# vsftpd-3.0.2-10.el7.x86_64 （显示也就安装成功了！）

如果没有则安装vsftpd

[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y vsftpd

安装完成后可以查看到安装的目录

[root@localhost ~]# whereis vsftpd
    [root@localhost ~]# vsftpd: /usr/sbin/vsftpd /etc/vsftpd /usr/share/man/man8/vsftpd.8.gz

查看vsftpd服务的状态

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl status vsftpd.service

开启vsftpd服务

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start vsftpd.service

设置vsftpd服务开机自启

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable vsftpd.service
    （或者：[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig vsftpd on）

**2、配置vsftpd.conf文件**

** \[root@localhost ~\]\#  vi /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf**

# Example config file /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
    #
    # The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file
    # loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.
    # Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.
    #
    # READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.
    # Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's
    # capabilities.
    #
    # Allow anonymous FTP? (Beware - allowed by default if you comment this out).
    anonymous_enable=NO
    #
    # Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.
    # When SELinux is enforcing check for SE bool ftp_home_dir
    local_enable=YES
    #
    # Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.
    write_enable=YES
    #
    # Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,
    # if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)
    local_umask=022
    # Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only
    # has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will
    # obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.
    # When SELinux is enforcing check for SE bool allow_ftpd_anon_write, allow_ftpd_full_access
    #anon_upload_enable=YES
    #
    # Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create
    # new directories.
    #anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
    #
    # Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they
    # go into a certain directory.
    dirmessage_enable=YES
    #
    # Activate logging of uploads/downloads.
    xferlog_enable=YES
    #
    # Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).
    connect_from_port_20=YES
    #
    # If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by
    # a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not
    # recommended!
    #chown_uploads=YES
    #chown_username=whoever
    #
    # You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown
    # below.
    #xferlog_file=/var/log/xferlog
    #
    # If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format.
    # Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog in this case.
    xferlog_std_format=YES
    #
    # You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.
    idle_session_timeout=600
    #
    # You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.
    data_connection_timeout=120
    #
    # It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the
    # ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.
    #nopriv_user=ftpsecure
    #
    # Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not
    # recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,
    # however, may confuse older FTP clients.
    #async_abor_enable=YES
    #
    # By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore
    # the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII
    # mangling on files when in ASCII mode.
    # Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service
    # attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd
    # predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the
    # raw file.
    # ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol.
    ascii_upload_enable=YES
    ascii_download_enable=YES
    #
    # You may fully customise the login banner string:
    ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service.
    #
    # You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently
    # useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.
    #deny_email_enable=YES
    # (default follows)
    #banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd/banned_emails
    #
    # You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home
    # directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of
    # users to NOT chroot().
    # (Warning! chroot'ing can be very dangerous. If using chroot, make sure that
    # the user does not have write access to the top level directory within the
    # chroot)
    chroot_local_user=YES
    #chroot_list_enable=YES
    # (default follows)
    #chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list
    #
    # You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by
    # default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large
    # sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume
    # the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.
    ls_recurse_enable=YES
    #
    # When "listen" directive is enabled, vsftpd runs in standalone mode and
    # listens on IPv4 sockets. This directive cannot be used in conjunction
    # with the listen_ipv6 directive.
    listen=YES
    #
    # This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. By default, listening
    # on the IPv6 "any" address (::) will accept connections from both IPv6
    # and IPv4 clients. It is not necessary to listen on *both* IPv4 and IPv6
    # sockets. If you want that (perhaps because you want to listen on specific
    # addresses) then you must run two copies of vsftpd with two configuration
    # files.
    # Make sure, that one of the listen options is commented !!
    #listen_ipv6=YES
    
    pam_service_name=vsftpd
    userlist_enable=YES
    userlist_deny=NO
    local_root=/var/public_root
    tcp_wrappers=YES
    use_localtime=YES
    allow_writeable_chroot=YES

**3、添加FTP账户**

这里设置的账户名为“test”，密码为“123456”  （貌似最新的不能配置这种若类型密码了！！！）

当然你也可以通过 userdel -r test 删除用户

[root@localhost ~]# useradd test -s /sbin/nologin
    [root@localhost ~]# passwd test

**4、编辑user\_list文件，允许test用户访问FTP**

[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/vsftpd/user_list
    
    
    # vsftpd userlist
    # If userlist_deny=NO, only allow users in this file
    # If userlist_deny=YES (default), never allow users in this file, and
    # do not even prompt for a password.
    # Note that the default vsftpd pam config also checks /etc/vsftpd/ftpusers
    # for users that are denied.
    root
    bin
    daemon
    adm
    lp
    sync
    shutdown
    halt
    mail
    news
    uucp
    operator
    games
    nobody
    test
    ~                                                                                      
    ~                                                                                      
    ~                                                                                                                                                                       
    "/etc/vsftpd/user_list" 21L, 366C

**5、建根目录，并设置访问权限**

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /var/public_root
    [root@localhost ~]# chown -R test /var/public_root
    [root@localhost ~]# chmod -R 755 /var/public_root

**6、防火墙设置**

如果系统启用了防火墙和SELinux，那么还要做以下配置（默认情况下CentOS7是使用firewall和selinux的，不在使用iptables）

防火墙添加FTP服务

[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-service=ftp
    [root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --reload

设置SELinux

[root@localhost ~]# getsebool -a | grep ftp
    [root@localhost ~]# setsebool -P ftpd_full_access on

或者修改配置文件彻底关闭selinux，需要**重启机器(或者执行： ** setenforce 0**)**

[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/selinux/config
    
    
    # This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
    # SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
    #     enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
    #     permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
    #     disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
    SELINUX=disabled
    # SELINUXTYPE= can take one of three two values:
    #     targeted - Targeted processes are protected,
    #     minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected. 
    #     mls - Multi Level Security protection.
    #SELINUXTYPE=targeted

**7、重启vsftpd服务器**

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop vsftpd.service
    [root@localhost ~]# systemctl start vsftpd.service
    [root@localhost ~]# systemctl status vsftpd.service

**卸载vsftpd的方法**

如果配置出错需要卸载vsftpd，在卸载之前先停止vsftpd

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -aq vsftpd

*  用rpm -e 查找结果 进行删除就ok了

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -e vsftpd-3.0.2-21.el7.x86_64
    [root@localhost ~]# rpm remove vsftpd-3.0.2-21.el7.x86_64

**8、 后记**

**最后我的不想吐槽 FileZilla---真心不咋样，竟然不能下载，还以为我配置不行，用chinaftp没啥问题。蛋疼！**