《Python编程从入门到实践》第九章_类

系统管理员 2022-05-15 11:42 301阅读 0赞

《Python编程从入门到实践》_第九章_类

  1. class Pizza():
  2.     """一次模拟小狗的尝试"""
  3.     def __init__(self, name, age):
  4.         """初始化属性name和age"""
  5.         self.name = name
  6.         self.age = age
  8.     def sit(self):
  9.         """模拟小狗被命令时蹲下"""
  10.         print(self.name.title() + " is now sitting.")
  12.     def roll_over(self):
  13.         """模拟小狗被命令时打滚"""
  14.         print(self.name.title() + " rolled over! ")
  16. my_dog = Pizza('atom',3)
  17. print("My dog's name is "+ my_dog.name.title() + ". ")
  18. print("My dog's age is " + str(my_dog.age) + " years old! ")
  19. print("创建多个实例")
  20. class Dog():
  21.     """一次模拟小狗的简单尝试"""
  22.     def __init__(self, name, age):
  23.         """初始化属性name和age"""
  24.         self.name = name
  25.         self.age = age
  26.     def sit(self):
  27.         """模拟小狗被命令时蹲下"""
  28.         print(self.name.title() + " now is sitting.")
  29.     def roll_over(self):
  30.         """模拟小狗被命令时打滚"""
  31.         print(self.name.title() + " rolled over!")
  32. my_dog = Dog('tom', 3)
  33. your_dog = Dog('Mei', 2)
  34. print("My dog name is " + my_dog.name.title())
  35. print("Your dog name is " + your_dog.name.title())
  36. print("9.2使用类和实例")
  37. class Car():
  38.     """一次模拟汽车的简单尝试"""
  39.     def __init__(self, make, model, year):
  40.         """汽车的初始化"""
  41.         self.make = make
  42.         self.model = model
  43.         self.year = year
  44.         self.odometer_reading = 100 # 给属性指定默认值
  45.     def get_desci_name(self):
  46.         """描述汽车"""
  47.         long_name = str(self.year) + ' ' + self.model + ' ' + self.make
  48.         return long_name
  49.     def read_odometer(self):
  50.         """打印一条指出汽车里程的消息"""
  51.         print("This car has " + str(self.odometer_reading) + " miles on it ")
  52.     # 通过方法修改属性的值
  53.     def updata_odometer(self, mileage):
  54.         """将里程表读数设置为指定的值"""
  55.         # self.odometer_reading = mileage
  56.         if mileage >= self.odometer_reading:
  57.             self.odometer_reading = mileage
  58.         else:
  59.             print("You can't roll back an odometer")
  60.     def increment_odometer(self, miles):
  61.         """将里程表读数增加到指定的值"""
  62.         self.odometer_reading += miles
  63. my_car = Car('audi', 'a4', 2017)
  64. print(my_car.model)
  65. print(my_car.get_desci_name())
  66. my_new_car = Car('audi', 'a4', 2016)
  67. my_new_car.read_odometer()
  68. print("9.2.3直接修改属性的值")
  69. print(my_new_car.get_desci_name())
  70. my_new_car.year = 2017
  71. print(my_new_car.get_desci_name())
  72. my_new_car.read_odometer()
  73. # 修改属性的值
  74. my_new_car.odometer_reading = 23 # 已经把里面属性值修改为23
  75. my_new_car.read_odometer()
  78. print("9.2.3通过方法修改")
  79. my_new_car.updata_odometer(10)
  80. print(my_new_car.get_desci_name())
  81. my_new_car.read_odometer()
  83. my_new_car.updata_odometer(120)
  84. print(my_new_car.get_desci_name())
  85. my_new_car.read_odometer()
  87. print("通过方法对属性的值进行递增")
  89. my_used_car = Car('sudo', 'outback', 2013)
  90. print(my_used_car.get_desci_name())
  91. my_used_car.updata_odometer(23500)
  92. my_used_car.read_odometer()
  94. my_used_car.increment_odometer(100)
  95. my_used_car.read_odometer()
  96. ######################################################################################
  97. C:\Anaconda3\python.exe H:/python/venv/pizza.py
  98. My dog's name is Atom. 
  99. My dog's age is 3 years old! 
  100. 创建多个实例
  101. My dog name is Tom
  102. Your dog name is Mei
  103. 9.2使用类和实例
  104. a4
  105. 2017 a4 audi
  106. This car has 100 miles on it 
  107. 9.2.3直接修改属性的值
  108. 2016 a4 audi
  109. 2017 a4 audi
  110. This car has 100 miles on it 
  111. This car has 23 miles on it 
  112. 9.2.3通过方法修改
  113. You can't roll back an odometer
  114. 2017 a4 audi
  115. This car has 23 miles on it 
  116. 2017 a4 audi
  117. This car has 120 miles on it 
  118. 通过方法对属性的值进行递增
  119. 2013 outback sudo
  120. This car has 23500 miles on it 
  121. This car has 23600 miles on it 
  123. Process finished with exit code 0
  124. ####################################################################################
  128. print("9.3继承")
  129. class Car():
  130.     """一次模拟汽车的简单尝试"""
  131.     def __init__(self, make, model, year):
  132.         """汽车的初始化"""
  133.         self.make = make
  134.         self.model = model
  135.         self.year = year
  136.         self.odometer_reading = 100
  137.     def get_descri_name(self):
  138.         """描述汽车"""
  139.         long_name = str(self.year) + ' ' + self.model + ' ' + self.make
  140.         return long_name
  141.     def update(self, mile):
  142.         """更新里程值"""
  143.         if mile > self.odometer_reading:
  144.             self.odometer_reading = mile
  145.         else:
  146.             print("You can't roll back an odometer")
  147.     def increment_odometer(self,mile):
  148.         """增加里程"""
  149.         self.odometer_reading += mile
  150.     def read_odometer(self):
  151.         """打印汽车的里程"""
  152.         print("This car has " + str(self.odometer_reading) + " miles on it.")
  153. # 创建子类 父类必须包含在当前文件中 且位于子类前面
  154. class ElectricCar(Car):
  155.     """电动汽车的独特特性"""
  156.     def __init__(self, make, model, year):
  157.         """初始化父类的属性"""
  158.         # super()是一个特殊函数 帮助python将父类与子类关联起来
  159.         super().__init__(make, model, year)
  160. class Car():
  161.     """一次模拟汽车的简单尝试"""
  162.     def __init__(self, make, model, year):
  163.         """汽车的初始化"""
  164.         self.make = make
  165.         self.model = model
  166.         self.year = year
  167.         self.odometer_reading = 100
  168.     def get_descri_name(self):
  169.         """描述汽车"""
  170.         long_name = str(self.year) + ' ' + self.model + ' ' + self.make
  171.         return long_name
  172.     def update(self, mile):
  173.         """更新里程值"""
  174.         if mile > self.odometer_reading:
  175.             self.odometer_reading = mile
  176.         else:
  177.             print("You can't roll back an odometer")
  178.     def increment_odometer(self,mile):
  179.         """增加里程"""
  180.         self.odometer_reading += mile
  181.     def read_odometer(self):
  182.         """打印汽车的里程"""
  183.         print("This car has " + str(self.odometer_reading) + " miles on it.")
  184.     def fill_gas_tank(self):
  185.         print("haha")
  186. class Battery():
  187.     """一次模拟电动汽车"""
  188.     def __init__(self, battery_size=70):
  189.         """初始化电瓶的属性"""
  190.         self.battery_size = battery_size
  191.     def describe_battery(self):
  192.         """打印一条描述电瓶容量的消息"""
  193.         print("This car has a " + str(self.battery_size) + "-kwh battery.")
  194.     def get_range(self):
  195.         """打印一条消息，指出电瓶的续航里程"""
  196.         if self.battery_size == 70:
  197.             range = 240
  198.         elif self.battery_size == 85:
  199.             range = 270
  200.         message = "This car can go approximately " + str(range)
  201.         message += " miles on a full charge!"
  202.         print(message)
  203. class ElectricCar(Car):
  204.     """电动汽车的独特特性"""
  205.     def __init__(self, make, model, year):
  206.         """初始化父类的属性"""
  207.         super().__init__(make, model, year)
  208.         # 将实例用作属性
  209.         self.battery = Battery()
  210.     # 重写父类的方法
  211.     def fill_gas_tank(self):
  212.         print("This car doesn't need a gas tank! ")
  213. my_tesla = ElectricCar('tesla', 'model s', '2016')
  214. print(my_tesla.get_descri_name())
  215. my_tesla.fill_gas_tank()
  216. my_tesla.battery.describe_battery()
  217. # 将实例用作属性
  218. my_tesla.battery.get_range()
  219. ####################################################################################
  220. C:\Anaconda3\python.exe H:/python/venv/pizza.py
  221. 9.3继承
  222. 2016 model s tesla
  223. This car doesn't need a gas tank! 
  224. This car has a 70-kwh battery.
  225. This car can go approximately 240 miles on a full charge!
  227. Process finished with exit code 0
  228. ######################################################################################
  230. car.py:
  231. class Car():
  232.     """一次模拟汽车的简单尝试"""
  233.     def __init__(self, make, model, year):
  234.         """汽车的初始化"""
  235.         self.make = make
  236.         self.model = model
  237.         self.year = year
  238.         self.odometer_reading = 100
  239.     def get_descri_name(self):
  240.         """描述汽车"""
  241.         long_name = str(self.year) + ' '+ self.make + ' '+ self.model
  242.         return long_name.title()
  243.     def update(self, mile):
  244.         """更新里程值"""
  245.         if mile > self.odometer_reading:
  246.             self.odometer_reading = mile
  247.         else:
  248.             print("You can't roll back an odometer")
  249.     def increment_odometer(self, mile):
  250.         """增加里程"""
  251.         self.odometer_reading += mile
  252.     def read_odometer(self):
  253.         """打印汽车的里程"""
  254.         print("This car has " + str(self.odometer_reading) + " miles on it.")
  256. class Battery():
  257.     """一次模拟电动汽车"""
  258.     def __init__(self,battery_size=70):
  259.         """初始化电瓶的属性"""
  260.         self.battery_size = battery_size
  261.     def describe_battery(self):
  262.         """打印一条描述电瓶容量的消息"""
  263.         print("This car has a " + str(self.battery_size) + "-kwh battery.")
  264.     def get_range(self):
  265.         """打印一条描述电瓶续航里程的消息"""
  266.         if self.battery_size == 70:
  267.             range = 240
  268.         elif self.battery_size == 85:
  269.             range = 270
  270.         message = "This car can go approximate " + str(range)
  271.         message += " miles on a full charge. "
  272.         print(message)
  274. class ElectricCar(Car):
  275.     """模拟电动汽车的独特之处"""
  276.     def __init__(self, make, model, year):
  277.         """初始化父类的属性，再初始化电动汽车特有的属性"""
  278.         super().__init__(make, model, year)
  279.         self.battery = Battery()
  280. ########################################################################################## from car import Car
  281. from car import Car, Battery, ElectricCar
  282. my_new_car = Car('audi', 'a4', 2016)
  283. print(my_new_car.get_descri_name())
  284. my_new_car.odometer_reading = 23
  285. my_new_car.read_odometer()
  287. print("9.4.2一个模块中可以存储多个类，所以可以一次导入多个类")
  288. my_tesla = ElectricCar('tesla', 'model s', 2016)
  289. print(my_tesla.get_descri_name())
  290. my_tesla.battery.describe_battery()
  291. my_tesla.battery.get_range()
  293. print("9.3.4 从一个模块中导入多个类")
  294. my_beetle = Car('volkswagen', 'beetle', 2015)
  295. print(my_beetle.get_descri_name())
  297. my_tesla = ElectricCar('tesla', 'roadster', 2016)
  298. print(my_tesla.get_descri_name())
  299. ######################################################################################
  300. C:\Anaconda3\python.exe H:/python/venv/pizza.py
  301. 2016 Audi A4
  302. This car has 23 miles on it.
  303. 9.4.2一个模块中可以存储多个类，所以可以一次导入多个类
  304. 2016 Tesla Model S
  305. This car has a 70-kwh battery.
  306. This car can go approximate 240 miles on a full charge. 
  307. 9.3.4 从一个模块中导入多个类
  308. 2015 Volkswagen Beetle
  309. 2016 Tesla Roadster
  311. Process finished with exit code 0
  312. #####################################################################################
  314. print("9.4.4导入整个模块")
  315. import car
  316. # 导入整个模块的时候，需要使用句点表示法访问需要的类
  317. # 使用语法module_name.class_name
  318. my_beetle = car.Car('vvv', 'tt', 2015)
  319. print(my_beetle.get_descri_name())
  321. my_tesla = car.ElectricCar('dd', 'aa', 2016)
  322. print(my_tesla.get_descri_name())
  323. ###############################################################################
  324. C:\Anaconda3\python.exe H:/python/venv/pizza.py
  325. 9.4.4导入整个模块
  326. 2015 Vvv Tt
  327. 2016 Dd Aa
  329. Process finished with exit code 0
  330. ############################################################################
  332. print("9.4.5导入模块中的类")
  333. from car import *  # 导入所有的类

在一个模块中导入另一个模块

  1. car.py:
  2. class Car():
  3.     """一次模拟汽车的简单尝试"""
  4.     def __init__(self, make, model, year):
  5.         """汽车的初始化"""
  6.         self.make = make
  7.         self.model = model
  8.         self.year = year
  9.         self.odometer_reading = 100
  10.     def get_descri_name(self):
  11.         """描述汽车"""
  12.         long_name = str(self.year) + ' ' + self.make + ' ' + self.model
  13.         return long_name.title()
  14.     def update(self, mile):
  15.         """更新里程值"""
  16.         if mile > self.odometer_reading:
  17.             self.odometer_reading = mile
  18.         else:
  19.             print("You can't roll back an odometer")
  20.     def increment_odometer(self, mile):
  21.         """增加里程"""
  22.         self.odometer_reading += mile
  23.     def read_odometer(self):
  24.         """打印汽车的里程"""
  25.         print("This car has " + str(self.odometer_reading) + " miles on it.")
  26. #########################################################################################
  27. ElectricCar.py:
  28. from car import Car
  30. class Battery():
  31.     """一次模拟电动汽车"""
  32.     def __init__(self,battery_size=70):
  33.         """初始化电瓶的属性"""
  34.         self.battery_size = battery_size
  35.     def describe_battery(self):
  36.         """打印一条描述电瓶容量的消息"""
  37.         print("This car has a " + str(self.battery_size) + "-kwh battery.")
  38.     def get_range(self):
  39.         """打印一条描述电瓶续航里程的消息"""
  40.         if self.battery_size == 70:
  41.             range = 240
  42.         elif self.battery_size == 85:
  43.             range = 270
  44.         message = "This car can go approximate " + str(range)
  45.         message += " miles on a full charge. "
  46.         print(message)
  48. class ElectricCar(Car):
  49.     """模拟电动汽车的独特之处"""
  50.     def __init__(self, make, model, year):
  51.         """初始化父类的属性，再初始化电动汽车特有的属性"""
  52.         super().__init__(make, model, year)
  53.         self.battery = Battery()
  54. ##################################################################################
  55. from car import Car
  56. from electric_car import ElectricCar
  58. my_beetle = Car('aa', 'bb', 2016)
  59. print(my_beetle.get_descri_name())
  61. my_tesla = ElectricCar('dd', 'aa', 2016)
  62. print(my_tesla.get_descri_name())
  63. ##################################################################################
  64. C:\Anaconda3\python.exe H:/python/venv/pizza.py
  65. 2016 Aa Bb
  66. 2016 Dd Aa
  68. Process finished with exit code 0
  69. ####################################################################################
  73. # favorite_language.py
  74. from collections import OrderedDict
  76. favorite_language = OrderedDict()
  78. favorite_language['a'] = 'python'
  79. favorite_language['b'] = 'c'
  80. favorite_language['c'] = 'ruby'
  81. favorite_language['d'] = 'python'
  82. # 创建了OrderedDict类的一个实例 并将其存储到favorite_language中 注意这里没有用花括号 而是调用OrderedDict()来创建一个空的有序字典
  83. # 优点：兼具列表和字典的主要优点
  84. for name, language in favorite_language.items():
  85.     print(name.title() + " 's favorite language is " + language.title() + ". ")
  86. #######################################################################################
  87. C:\Anaconda3\python.exe H:/python/venv/pizza.py
  88. A 's favorite language is Python. 
  89. B 's favorite language is C. 
  90. C 's favorite language is Ruby. 
  91. D 's favorite language is Python. 
  93. Process finished with exit code 0
  94. ########################################################################################

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