nextcloud 文件服务器搭建（Nginx+PHP+Mysql+memcache（Redis）+NextCloud）

待我称王封你为后i 2022-04-12 09:23 2128阅读 0赞

**1.** nextcloud是php项目，这里我使用nginx，官方文档是用apache的，有一点点具别。但不大。在下载nextcloud之前，先安装nginx和php

＃先删除系统可能自带的PHP和nginx的的，用来面命令查找是否有安装

$ rpm -qa | grep php

$ rpm -qa | grep nginx

＃安装yum的epel源

$ yum -y install epel-release

＃安装的nginx的

$ yum install -y nginx

＃打开443,80端口，进行网络文件下载

$ systemctl start firewalld.service（启用防火墙）

（如果报这个错误，报错：无法启动firewalld.service：单位firewalld.service被屏蔽。

先解除锁定systemctl unmask firewalld.service）

＃永久打开80端口

$ firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=80/tcp --permanent

＃永久打开443端口

$firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=443/tcp --permanent

＃重启防火墙

$ firewall-cmd --reload或者service firewalld restart

（参数解释）

（

`开启端口：`

firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=80/tcp --permanent

`命令含义：`

`--zone #作用域`

`--add-port=80/tcp #添加端口，格式为：端口/通讯协议`

`--permanent #代表永久生效，没有此参数重启后失效`

`重启防火墙：`

`firewall-cmd --reload  或者  service firewalld restart`

）

＃安装PHP的源

$ rpm -Uvh https://mirror.webtatic.com/yum/el7/webtatic-release.rpm

＃安装PHP已经会用到扩展

$ yum install -y php70w-devel php70w-pear php70w-pecl php70w-gd php70w-opcache php70w-cli php70w-pdo php70w-process php70w-pecl-apcu php70w-mcrypt php70w-mysql php70w-fpm php70w-pecl-memcached php70w-common php70w-xml php70w-mbstring php70w-pecl-igbinary

＃检查是否安装成功

$ nginx -v

$ php -v

＃启动并设为开机启动nginx，php-fpm  
$ systemctl start nginx  
$ systemctl enable nginx  
$ systemctl start php-fpm  
$ systemctl enable php-fpm

安装wget命令

yum -y install wget

\#\#查看本机是否安装了mariadb数据库  
$ rpm -qa | grep mariadb           
   
\#\#上一步查出来的文件名，直接复制下来就OK  
$ rpm -e --nodeps文件名

＃安装的wget的命令

yum -y install wget

＃安装的MySQL的的数据库

#yum install mysql            （centos7中会变成安装 mariadb  ）
    #yum install mysql-server     （centos7中这个会报错，因为客户端是mariadb）
    #yum install mysql-devel

此处有两种解决方法：

**1.第一种是：安装MariaDB的的服务器端（个人不太喜欢这个数据库）**

\#yum install mariadb-server mariadb

MariaDB的的的数据库的相关命令是:(

systemctl start mariadb＃启动MariaDB

systemctl stop mariadb＃停止MariaDB

systemctl restart mariadb＃重启MariaDB

systemctl enable mariadb＃设置开机启动

）

# systemctl start mariadb
    [root@yl-web yl]# mysql -u root -p

**2.第二种是：从网络上安装的MySQL的服务器端**

# wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm
    # rpm -ivh mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm
    # yum install mysql-community-server

# service mysqld restart

`#如果上面的mysql启动不了，就用下面的命令`

systemctl restart mysqld.service   
systemctl start mysqld.service   
systemctl stop mysqld.service

[root@yl-web yl]# mysql -u root

设置密码

mysql> set password for 'root'@'localhost' =password('password');
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

不需要重启数据库即可生效。

在MySQL的的安装过程中如下内容：

Installed:
      mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:5.6.26-2.el7                mysql-community-devel.x86_64 0:5.6.26-2.el7                
      mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.6.26-2.el7                  mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.6.26-2.el7               
    
    Dependency Installed:
      mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:5.6.26-2.el7                                                                            
    
    Replaced:
      mariadb.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0          mariadb-devel.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0   mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0  
      mariadb-server.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0

所以安装完以后MariaDB的的自动就被替换了，将不再生效。

[root@yl-web yl]# rpm -qa |grep mariadb
    [root@yl-web yl]#

接下来就是配置数据库了

\#\#赋予配置文件最大权限  
$ chown -R 777 /etc/my.cnf

**1.编码**

MySQL的的配置文件为/etc/my.cnf中中

最后加上编码配置

[mysql]
    default-character-set =utf8

这里的字符编码必须和/usr/share/mysql/charsets/Index.xml中一致

**2.远程连接数据库**

把在所有数据库的所有表的所有权限赋值给位于所有IP地址的根用户

开启远程服务：  
\#\#在mysql控制台执行，这句命令就是开启用户的远程访问权限，一句只能开启一个用户  
$  
授予'用户名'的所有权限@'％'由  
'密码'识别“

mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to root@'%'identified by 'password';

如果是新用户而不是根，则要先新建用户

mysql>create user 'username'@'%' identified by 'password';

\#\#\#\#然后继续，开放防火墙的3306端口，用于访问

$ firewall-cmd --permanent --zone = public - add-port = 3306 / tcp

$ firewall-cmd --zone = public --add-port = 3306 / tcp --permanent  
  
  
\#\#重新加载一下防火墙

$ firewall-cmd --reload

**查看**

firewall-cmd --zone = public --query-port = 3306 / tcp

＃安装unzip解压缩\* .zip文件软件

$ yum install -y wget unzip

**1.新建数据库**

＃在装有mysql的服务器上执行  
$ mysql -u root -p  
> create database nextcloud\_db;  
＃authorization权给自定义用户，这里以用户名：nextclouduser，密码：nextcloudpasswd，代替。  
>grant all privileges on \*.\* to  'nextclouduser' @ '%'   identified by   'nextcloudpasswd'   with grant option;  
>flush privileges;

**2.  为nextcloud 生成自签名ssl证书**

$ cd /etc/nginx/cert/    # 没有则创建此文件夹
    $ openssl req -new -x509 -days 365 -nodes -out /etc/nginx/cert/nextcloud.crt -keyout /etc/nginx/cert/nextcloud.key
    # 会出现下面的选项需要填写，可以随便填。
    Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:cn                                           //国家
    State or Province Name (full name) []:guangdong                                  //省份
    Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:guangzhou                               //地区名字
    Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:Amos                     //公司名
    Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:Technology                           //部门
    Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:Amos                 //CA主机名
    Email Address []:Amos@Amos.com                                                        //Email地址
    
    # 修改证书和文件夹权限
    $ chmod 600 /etc/nginx/cert/*
    $ chmod 700 /etc/nginx/cert

**2.下载nextcloud，并配置php和nginx**

＃下载nextcloud，官网地址为：https：//nextcloud.com/install/\#instructions-server  
$ cd / usr / local / src  
$ yum install -y wget unzip  
$ wget https://download.nextcloud.com/server /releases/nextcloud-13.0.2.zip＃下载  
$ unzip   nextcloud-13.0.2.zip＃解压  
$ mv nextcloud /usr/share/nginx/html/    ＃移动到指定文件夹内  
$ cd /usr/share/nginx/html/nextcloud      ＃进行nextcloud目录中  
$ mkdir data        ＃创建数据文件夹  
$ chown nginx:nginx -R nextcloud/        ＃将nextcloud文件授权给nginx

＃配置php-fpm  
$ vim /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf  
\------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- --------  
user = nginx                                   //将用户和组都改为nginx  
group = nginx  
listen = 127.0.0.1:9000  
env\[HOSTNAME\] = $HOSTNAME                     //将以下几行，去掉注释  
env\[PATH\] = /usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin  
env\[TMP\] = /tmp  
env\[TMPDIR\] = /tmp  
env\[TEMP\] = /tmp  
  
\------------- -------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------

\# 为php创建session文件夹  
$ mkdir -p /var/lib/php/session  
$ chown nginx:nginx -R /var/lib/php/session/

\# 配置nginx  
$ cd /etc/nginx/conf.d/  
$ vim nextcloud.conf

\-------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- ---

修改成以下文件

upstream php-handler {
        server 127.0.0.1:9000;
        #server unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock;
    }
    
    
    server {
        listen 80;
        server_name localhost;
        # enforce https
        rewrite ^(.*)$ https://$host$1 permanent;
    }
    
    
    server {
        listen 443 ssl;
        server_name localhost;
    
        ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/cert/nextcloud.crt;
        ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/cert/nextcloud.key;
    
        # Add headers to serve security related headers
        # Before enabling Strict-Transport-Security headers please read into this
        # topic first.
        add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=15768000;
        includeSubDomains; preload;";
        add_header X-Content-Type-Options nosniff;
        add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN";
        add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block";
        add_header X-Robots-Tag none;
        add_header X-Download-Options noopen;
        add_header X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies none;
    
        # Path to the root of your installation
        root /usr/share/nginx/html/nextcloud/;
    
    
        location = /robots.txt {
            allow all;
            log_not_found off;
            access_log off;
        }
    
    
        # The following 2 rules are only needed for the user_webfinger app.
        # Uncomment it if you're planning to use this app.
        #rewrite ^/.well-known/host-meta /public.php?service=host-meta last;
        #rewrite ^/.well-known/host-meta.json /public.php?service=host-meta-json
        # last;
    
    
        location = /.well-known/carddav {
          return 301 $scheme://$host/remote.php/dav;
        }
        location = /.well-known/caldav {
          return 301 $scheme://$host/remote.php/dav;
        }
    
    
        # set max upload size
        client_max_body_size 10240M;    # 上传文件最大限制，php.ini中也要修改，最后优化时会提及。
        fastcgi_buffers 64 4K;
    
        # Disable gzip to avoid the removal of the ETag header
        gzip on;
        gzip_vary on;
        gzip_comp_level 4;
        gzip_min_length 256;
        gzip_proxied expired no-cache no-store private no_last_modified no_etag auth;
        gzip_types application/atom+xml application/javascript application/json application/ld+json application/manifest+json application/rss+xml application/vnd.geo+json application/vnd.ms-fontobject application/x-font-ttf application/x-web-app-manifest+json application/xhtml+xml application/xml font/opentype image/bmp image/svg+xml image/x-icon text/cache-manifest text/css text/plain text/vcard text/vnd.rim.location.xloc text/vtt text/x-component text/x-cross-domain-policy;
    
    
        # Uncomment if your server is build with the ngx_pagespeed module
        # This module is currently not supported.
        #pagespeed off;
    
    
        error_page 403 /core/templates/403.php;
        error_page 404 /core/templates/404.php;
    
    
        location / {
            rewrite ^ /index.php$uri;
        }
    
    
        location ~ ^/(?:build|tests|config|lib|3rdparty|templates|data)/ {
            deny all;
        }
        location ~ ^/(?:\.|autotest|occ|issue|indie|db_|console) {
            deny all;
        }
    
        location ~ ^/(?:index|remote|public|cron|core/ajax/update|status|ocs/v[12]|updater/.+|ocs-provider/.+|core/templates/40[34])\.php(?:$|/) {
            include fastcgi_params;
            fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.*)$;
            fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
            fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_path_info;
            fastcgi_param HTTPS on;
            #Avoid sending the security headers twice
            fastcgi_param modHeadersAvailable true;
            fastcgi_param front_controller_active true;
            fastcgi_pass php-handler;
            fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
            fastcgi_request_buffering off;
        }
    
    
        location ~ ^/(?:updater|ocs-provider)(?:$|/) {
            try_files $uri/ =404;
            index index.php;
        }
    
    
        # Adding the cache control header for js and css files
        # Make sure it is BELOW the PHP block
        location ~* \.(?:css|js)$ {
            try_files $uri /index.php$uri$is_args$args;
            add_header Cache-Control "public, max-age=7200";
            # Add headers to serve security related headers (It is intended to
            # have those duplicated to the ones above)
            # Before enabling Strict-Transport-Security headers please read into
            # this topic first.
            add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=15768000;includeSubDomains; preload;";
            add_header X-Content-Type-Options nosniff;
            add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN";
            add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block";
            add_header X-Robots-Tag none;
            add_header X-Download-Options noopen;
            add_header X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies none;
            # Optional: Don't log access to assets
            access_log off;
        }
    
        location ~* \.(?:svg|gif|png|html|ttf|woff|ico|jpg|jpeg)$ {
            try_files $uri /index.php$uri$is_args$args;
            # Optional: Don't log access to other assets
            access_log off;
        }
    }

\-------------------------------------------------- -----------------------------------------------

＃将nginx原配置中80端口的配置删除  
$ vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf  
\----------------------------- ---------------------------  
server \{

\# 将80端口的server整个删除，应该我们在上面nextcloud.conf中已经配置了，这里不删除的话会导致冲突不生效。

listen 80;

...

\}  
\---------------------------------------------- ----------

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### ** 切记             include是写在http\{   \}里面** ###

**3.启动nginx和php-fpm**

$ nginx -t      \# 检查nginx配置是否正确，出现下面输入则正确。  
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok  
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful

＃启动并设为开机启动nginx，php-fpm  
$ systemctl restart nginx  
$ systemctl enable nginx  
$ systemctl restart php-fpm  
$ systemctl enable php-fpm

＃配置防火墙，开放http和https的端口。

$ firewall-cmd --add-port=80/tcp --permanent

$ firewall-cmd --add-port=443/tcp --permanent

$ firewall-cmd --add-port=6379/tcp --permanent

$ firewall-cmd --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent

$ firewall-cmd --reload

PS：这里我的selinux是关闭的，如果selinux的没有关闭，则执行下面命令关闭selinux  
$ setenforce 0                     \# 关闭selinux

$ vim /etc/selinux/config      \# 修改配置，永久关闭。  
\-------- ----------------------------------------------  
SELINUX = disabled  
\- -------------------------------------------------- ---

**4.性能优化，进入主界面后，右上角自己头像，点击设置，基本设置：**

第一项就有安全及设置警告，这里会有配置错误提示，优化提示等。根据提示进行优化：

①修改php.ini文件，添加如下配置：

$ vim /etc/php.ini  
\------------------------------------------ ------------------------------  
\[PHP\]＃在\[PHP\]以下添加如下配置  
opcache.enable = 1  
opcache.enable\_cli = 1  
opcache.interned\_strings\_buffer = 8  
opcache.max\_accelerated\_files = 10000  
opcache.memory\_consumption = 128  
opcache.save\_comments = 1  
opcache.revalidate\_freq = 1  
...  
upload\_max\_filesize = 102400M＃上传文件最大大小，可以自定义修改，默认为512M  
\--- -------------------------------------------------- -------------------

$ vim /etc/nginx/nginx.d/nextcloud.conf  
\---------------------

②设置缓存后端，可以使用redis，memcache。单机或集群模式都可以。不同的配置方式可以参考官方文档。

这里我直接单机安装并配置使用内存缓存。

$ yum install -y memcache  
$ vim / etc / sysconfig / memcached  
\------------------------------------ ------------------------------------  
PORT =“11211”＃端口  
USER =“memcached”＃用户  
MAXCONN =“1024”＃最大链接数  
CACHESIZE =“2048”＃最大内存，单位M  
OPTIONS =“”  
\-------------------------- ---------------------------------------------

＃修改nextcloud的配置文件，添加memcached缓存配置  
$ vim /usr/share/nginx/html/nextcloud/config/config.php  
\-------------------- -------------------------------------------------- -  
'memcache.local'=>'\\ OC \\ Memcache \\ APCu'，  
  'memcache.distributed'=>'\\ OC \\ Memcache \\ Memcached'，  
  'memcached\_servers'=> array（  
   array（'localhost'，11211），  
     ） ，  
\------------------------------------------------- ----------------------

③重启nginx和php-fpm，是配置生效

$ systemctl start memcached  
$ systemctl enable memcached  
$ systemctl restart nginx  
$ systemctl restart php-fpm

④设置后台任务，cron执行。

$ vim / etc / crontab＃修改cron配置文件，添加如下配置  
\----------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- -  
 -u nginx / usr / bin / php -f /usr/share/nginx/html/nextcloud/cron.php  
\----------------------- ------------------------------------------------- - -------------

配置邮件服务器

在设置 - >其他设置中，配置smtp服务器。并进行测试，收到邮件了就成功了

\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

接下来就是坑了

1.最大的坑，就是管理员登录完后，无法创建用户

解决办法：就是去安全里面，把密码的限制去掉，一个都不留的去掉，就好了（tmd，坑了我一天，才弄好）

2.其余的按着上面的来，基本不会出问题了

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