nextcloud 文件服务器搭建（Nginx+PHP+Mysql+memcache（Redis）+NextCloud）-蒲公英云

1. nextcloud是php项目，这里我使用nginx，官方文档是用apache的，有一点点具别。但不大。在下载nextcloud之前，先安装nginx和php

＃先删除系统可能自带的PHP和nginx的的，用来面命令查找是否有安装

$ rpm -qa | grep php

$ rpm -qa | grep nginx

＃安装yum的epel源

$ yum -y install epel-release

＃安装的nginx的

$ yum install -y nginx

＃打开443,80端口，进行网络文件下载

$ systemctl start firewalld.service（启用防火墙）

（如果报这个错误，报错：无法启动firewalld.service：单位firewalld.service被屏蔽。

先解除锁定systemctl unmask firewalld.service）

＃永久打开80端口

$ firewall-cmd —zone=public —add-port=80/tcp —permanent

＃永久打开443端口

$firewall-cmd —zone=public —add-port=443/tcp —permanent

＃重启防火墙

$ firewall-cmd —reload或者service firewalld restart

（参数解释）

（

开启端口：

firewall-cmd —zone=public —add-port=80/tcp —permanent

命令含义：

--zone #作用域

--add-port=80/tcp #添加端口，格式为：端口/通讯协议

--permanent #代表永久生效，没有此参数重启后失效

重启防火墙：

firewall-cmd --reload 或者 service firewalld restart

）

＃安装PHP的源

$ rpm -Uvh https://mirror.webtatic.com/yum/el7/webtatic-release.rpm

＃安装PHP已经会用到扩展

$ yum install -y php70w-devel php70w-pear php70w-pecl php70w-gd php70w-opcache php70w-cli php70w-pdo php70w-process php70w-pecl-apcu php70w-mcrypt php70w-mysql php70w-fpm php70w-pecl-memcached php70w-common php70w-xml php70w-mbstring php70w-pecl-igbinary

＃检查是否安装成功

$ nginx -v

$ php -v

＃启动并设为开机启动nginx，php-fpm
$ systemctl start nginx
$ systemctl enable nginx
$ systemctl start php-fpm
$ systemctl enable php-fpm

安装wget命令

 yum -y install wget

##查看本机是否安装了mariadb数据库
$ rpm -qa | grep mariadb

##上一步查出来的文件名，直接复制下来就OK
$ rpm -e —nodeps文件名

＃安装的wget的命令

yum -y install wget

＃安装的MySQL的的数据库

#yum install mysql            （centos7中会变成安装 mariadb  ）
#yum install mysql-server     （centos7中这个会报错，因为客户端是mariadb）
#yum install mysql-devel

此处有两种解决方法：

1.第一种是：安装MariaDB的的服务器端（个人不太喜欢这个数据库）

#yum install mariadb-server mariadb

MariaDB的的的数据库的相关命令是:(

systemctl start mariadb＃启动MariaDB

systemctl stop mariadb＃停止MariaDB

systemctl restart mariadb＃重启MariaDB

systemctl enable mariadb＃设置开机启动

）

# systemctl start mariadb
[root@yl-web yl]# mysql -u root -p

2.第二种是：从网络上安装的MySQL的服务器端

# wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm
# rpm -ivh mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm
# yum install mysql-community-server
# service mysqld restart

#如果上面的mysql启动不了，就用下面的命令

systemctl restart mysqld.service
systemctl start mysqld.service
systemctl stop mysqld.service

[root@yl-web yl]# mysql -u root

设置密码

mysql> set password for 'root'@'localhost' =password('password');
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

不需要重启数据库即可生效。

在MySQL的的安装过程中如下内容：

Installed:
  mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:5.6.26-2.el7                mysql-community-devel.x86_64 0:5.6.26-2.el7                
  mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.6.26-2.el7                  mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.6.26-2.el7               
Dependency Installed:
  mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:5.6.26-2.el7                                                                            
Replaced:
  mariadb.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0          mariadb-devel.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0   mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0  
  mariadb-server.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0

所以安装完以后MariaDB的的自动就被替换了，将不再生效。

[root@yl-web yl]# rpm -qa |grep mariadb
[root@yl-web yl]#

接下来就是配置数据库了

##赋予配置文件最大权限
$ chown -R 777 /etc/my.cnf

1.编码

MySQL的的配置文件为/etc/my.cnf中中

最后加上编码配置

[mysql]
default-character-set =utf8

这里的字符编码必须和/usr/share/mysql/charsets/Index.xml中一致

2.远程连接数据库

把在所有数据库的所有表的所有权限赋值给位于所有IP地址的根用户

开启远程服务：
##在mysql控制台执行，这句命令就是开启用户的远程访问权限，一句只能开启一个用户
$
授予’用户名’的所有权限@’％’由
‘密码’识别“

mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to root@'%'identified by 'password';

如果是新用户而不是根，则要先新建用户

mysql>create user 'username'@'%' identified by 'password';

####然后继续，开放防火墙的3306端口，用于访问

$ firewall-cmd —permanent —zone = public - add-port = 3306 / tcp

$ firewall-cmd —zone = public —add-port = 3306 / tcp —permanent

##重新加载一下防火墙

$ firewall-cmd —reload

查看

firewall-cmd —zone = public —query-port = 3306 / tcp

＃安装unzip解压缩* .zip文件软件

$ yum install -y wget unzip

1.新建数据库

＃在装有mysql的服务器上执行
$ mysql -u root -p

create database nextcloud_db;
＃authorization权给自定义用户，这里以用户名：nextclouduser，密码：nextcloudpasswd，代替。
grant all privileges on *.* to ‘nextclouduser’ @ ‘%’ identified by ‘nextcloudpasswd’ with grant option;
flush privileges;

2. 为nextcloud 生成自签名ssl证书

$ cd /etc/nginx/cert/    # 没有则创建此文件夹
$ openssl req -new -x509 -days 365 -nodes -out /etc/nginx/cert/nextcloud.crt -keyout /etc/nginx/cert/nextcloud.key
# 会出现下面的选项需要填写，可以随便填。
Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:cn                                           //国家
State or Province Name (full name) []:guangdong                                  //省份
Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:guangzhou                               //地区名字
Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:Amos                     //公司名
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:Technology                           //部门
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:Amos                 //CA主机名
Email Address []:Amos@Amos.com                                                        //Email地址
# 修改证书和文件夹权限
$ chmod 600 /etc/nginx/cert/*
$ chmod 700 /etc/nginx/cert

2.下载nextcloud，并配置php和nginx

＃下载nextcloud，官网地址为：https：//nextcloud.com/install/#instructions-server
$ cd / usr / local / src
$ yum install -y wget unzip
$ wget https://download.nextcloud.com/server /releases/nextcloud-13.0.2.zip＃下载
$ unzip nextcloud-13.0.2.zip＃解压
$ mv nextcloud /usr/share/nginx/html/ ＃移动到指定文件夹内
$ cd /usr/share/nginx/html/nextcloud ＃进行nextcloud目录中
$ mkdir data ＃创建数据文件夹
$ chown nginx:nginx -R nextcloud/ ＃将nextcloud文件授权给nginx

＃配置php-fpm
$ vim /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
-——————————————— ————————————————————————— ————
user = nginx //将用户和组都改为nginx
group = nginx
listen = 127.0.0.1:9000
env[HOSTNAME] = $HOSTNAME //将以下几行，去掉注释
env[PATH] = /usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin
env[TMP] = /tmp
env[TMPDIR] = /tmp
env[TEMP] = /tmp

-—————— ————————————————————————— —————————————-

# 为php创建session文件夹
$ mkdir -p /var/lib/php/session
$ chown nginx:nginx -R /var/lib/php/session/

# 配置nginx
$ cd /etc/nginx/conf.d/
$ vim nextcloud.conf

-————————————————————————- ————————————————————————— —-

修改成以下文件

upstream php-handler {
    server 127.0.0.1:9000;
    #server unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock;
}
server {
    listen 80;
    server_name localhost;
    # enforce https
    rewrite ^(.*)$ https://$host$1 permanent;
}
server {
    listen 443 ssl;
    server_name localhost;
    ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/cert/nextcloud.crt;
    ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/cert/nextcloud.key;
    # Add headers to serve security related headers
    # Before enabling Strict-Transport-Security headers please read into this
    # topic first.
    add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=15768000;
    includeSubDomains; preload;";
    add_header X-Content-Type-Options nosniff;
    add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN";
    add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block";
    add_header X-Robots-Tag none;
    add_header X-Download-Options noopen;
    add_header X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies none;
    # Path to the root of your installation
    root /usr/share/nginx/html/nextcloud/;
    location = /robots.txt {
        allow all;
        log_not_found off;
        access_log off;
    }
    # The following 2 rules are only needed for the user_webfinger app.
    # Uncomment it if you're planning to use this app.
    #rewrite ^/.well-known/host-meta /public.php?service=host-meta last;
    #rewrite ^/.well-known/host-meta.json /public.php?service=host-meta-json
    # last;
    location = /.well-known/carddav {
      return 301 $scheme://$host/remote.php/dav;
    }
    location = /.well-known/caldav {
      return 301 $scheme://$host/remote.php/dav;
    }
    # set max upload size
    client_max_body_size 10240M;    # 上传文件最大限制，php.ini中也要修改，最后优化时会提及。
    fastcgi_buffers 64 4K;
    # Disable gzip to avoid the removal of the ETag header
    gzip on;
    gzip_vary on;
    gzip_comp_level 4;
    gzip_min_length 256;
    gzip_proxied expired no-cache no-store private no_last_modified no_etag auth;
    gzip_types application/atom+xml application/javascript application/json application/ld+json application/manifest+json application/rss+xml application/vnd.geo+json application/vnd.ms-fontobject application/x-font-ttf application/x-web-app-manifest+json application/xhtml+xml application/xml font/opentype image/bmp image/svg+xml image/x-icon text/cache-manifest text/css text/plain text/vcard text/vnd.rim.location.xloc text/vtt text/x-component text/x-cross-domain-policy;
    # Uncomment if your server is build with the ngx_pagespeed module
    # This module is currently not supported.
    #pagespeed off;
    error_page 403 /core/templates/403.php;
    error_page 404 /core/templates/404.php;
    location / {
        rewrite ^ /index.php$uri;
    }
    location ~ ^/(?:build|tests|config|lib|3rdparty|templates|data)/ {
        deny all;
    }
    location ~ ^/(?:\.|autotest|occ|issue|indie|db_|console) {
        deny all;
    }
    location ~ ^/(?:index|remote|public|cron|core/ajax/update|status|ocs/v[12]|updater/.+|ocs-provider/.+|core/templates/40[34])\.php(?:$|/) {
        include fastcgi_params;
        fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.*)$;
        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_path_info;
        fastcgi_param HTTPS on;
        #Avoid sending the security headers twice
        fastcgi_param modHeadersAvailable true;
        fastcgi_param front_controller_active true;
        fastcgi_pass php-handler;
        fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
        fastcgi_request_buffering off;
    }
    location ~ ^/(?:updater|ocs-provider)(?:$|/) {
        try_files $uri/ =404;
        index index.php;
    }
    # Adding the cache control header for js and css files
    # Make sure it is BELOW the PHP block
    location ~* \.(?:css|js)$ {
        try_files $uri /index.php$uri$is_args$args;
        add_header Cache-Control "public, max-age=7200";
        # Add headers to serve security related headers (It is intended to
        # have those duplicated to the ones above)
        # Before enabling Strict-Transport-Security headers please read into
        # this topic first.
        add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=15768000;includeSubDomains; preload;";
        add_header X-Content-Type-Options nosniff;
        add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN";
        add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block";
        add_header X-Robots-Tag none;
        add_header X-Download-Options noopen;
        add_header X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies none;
        # Optional: Don't log access to assets
        access_log off;
    }
    location ~* \.(?:svg|gif|png|html|ttf|woff|ico|jpg|jpeg)$ {
        try_files $uri /index.php$uri$is_args$args;
        # Optional: Don't log access to other assets
        access_log off;
    }
}

-————————————————————————- ———————————————————————-

＃将nginx原配置中80端口的配置删除
$ vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
-—————————————— —————————————-
server {

# 将80端口的server整个删除，应该我们在上面nextcloud.conf中已经配置了，这里不删除的话会导致冲突不生效。

      listen 80;
        ...

}
-——————————————————————- —————

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切记 include是写在http{ }里面

3.启动nginx和php-fpm

$ nginx -t # 检查nginx配置是否正确，出现下面输入则正确。
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful

＃启动并设为开机启动nginx，php-fpm
$ systemctl restart nginx
$ systemctl enable nginx
$ systemctl restart php-fpm
$ systemctl enable php-fpm

＃配置防火墙，开放http和https的端口。

$ firewall-cmd —add-port=80/tcp —permanent

$ firewall-cmd —add-port=443/tcp —permanent

$ firewall-cmd —add-port=6379/tcp —permanent

$ firewall-cmd —add-port=3306/tcp —permanent

$ firewall-cmd —reload

PS：这里我的selinux是关闭的，如果selinux的没有关闭，则执行下面命令关闭selinux
$ setenforce 0 # 关闭selinux

$ vim /etc/selinux/config # 修改配置，永久关闭。
-———- ———————————————————————
SELINUX = disabled
- ————————————————————————— —-

4.性能优化，进入主界面后，右上角自己头像，点击设置，基本设置：

第一项就有安全及设置警告，这里会有配置错误提示，优化提示等。根据提示进行优化：

①修改php.ini文件，添加如下配置：

$ vim /etc/php.ini
-————————————————————- ———————————————
[PHP]＃在[PHP]以下添加如下配置
opcache.enable = 1
opcache.enable_cli = 1
opcache.interned_strings_buffer = 8
opcache.max_accelerated_files = 10000
opcache.memory_consumption = 128
opcache.save_comments = 1
opcache.revalidate_freq = 1
…
upload_max_filesize = 102400M＃上传文件最大大小，可以自定义修改，默认为512M
-— ————————————————————————— —————————-

$ vim /etc/nginx/nginx.d/nextcloud.conf
-——————————

②设置缓存后端，可以使用redis，memcache。单机或集群模式都可以。不同的配置方式可以参考官方文档。

这里我直接单机安装并配置使用内存缓存。

$ yum install -y memcache
$ vim / etc / sysconfig / memcached
-—————————————————- ——————————————————
PORT =“11211”＃端口
USER =“memcached”＃用户
MAXCONN =“1024”＃最大链接数
CACHESIZE =“2048”＃最大内存，单位M
OPTIONS =“”
-————————————- ——————————————————————-

＃修改nextcloud的配置文件，添加memcached缓存配置
$ vim /usr/share/nginx/html/nextcloud/config/config.php
-—————————- ————————————————————————— -
‘memcache.local’=>’\ OC \ Memcache \ APCu’，
‘memcache.distributed’=>’\ OC \ Memcache \ Memcached’，
‘memcached_servers’=> array（
array（’localhost’，11211），
），
-———————————————————————— ———————————

③重启nginx和php-fpm，是配置生效

$ systemctl start memcached
$ systemctl enable memcached
$ systemctl restart nginx
$ systemctl restart php-fpm

④设置后台任务，cron执行。

$ vim / etc / crontab＃修改cron配置文件，添加如下配置
-————————————————— ————————————————————————— -
-u nginx / usr / bin / php -f /usr/share/nginx/html/nextcloud/cron.php
-——————————— ————————————————————————- - ——————-

配置邮件服务器

在设置 - >其他设置中，配置smtp服务器。并进行测试，收到邮件了就成功了

***********************************************************************************

接下来就是坑了

1.最大的坑，就是管理员登录完后，无法创建用户

解决办法：就是去安全里面，把密码的限制去掉，一个都不留的去掉，就好了（tmd，坑了我一天，才弄好）

2.其余的按着上面的来，基本不会出问题了