Debian - 搭建NextCloud私人云盘

分手后的思念是犯贱 2022-12-06 01:20 672阅读 0赞

nextcloud简介

nextcloud前身是大名鼎鼎的owncloud，两者均是开源的网络硬盘系统。nextcloud不仅可以搭建私有云存储和同步数据，也提供联系人、日程管理功能，web端还提供私密的语音视频通话功能。nextcloud致力于数据安全，云端的数据均可选择加密，并遵循安全行业最佳实践。客户端支持windows、macos、linux三大pc平台，以及安卓ios两大移动平台，完全足够家庭或中小型团队协作使用。

部署和设置nextcloud

nextcloud程序由php语言编写，因此部署需要具备php运行环境以及web中间件。因其支持平台众多，官方文档略显繁琐，故本文给出树莓派上用nginx、mariadb、redis搭建nextcloud的详细步骤。

从官网下载部署程序；

  • 更新系统和必备软件：

    sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade && sudo apt install -y libreoffice ffmpeg

  • 安装nginx：

    sudo apt install -y nginx

  • 安装redis：

    sudo apt install -y redis

  • 安装mariadb：

    sudo apt install mariadb-server

  • 安装php及推荐模块：

    sudo apt install -y php7.3 php7.3-fpm php7.3-curl php7.3-gd php-redis php-mysql php7.3-zip php-mbstring php7.3-dom

  • 解压部署程序：

    unzip nextcloud-xxxx.zip

  • 将nextcloud文件移动到网站根目录：

    sudo mv nextcloud-xxx /var/www/html/nextcloud

  • 创建数据目录，更改目录权限：

    mkdir /var/www/html/nextcloud/data && sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/html/nextcloud

  • 配置php：打开/etc/php/7.3/fpm/php.ini文件，做如下更改：

  1. expose_php改成off
  2. date.timezone 一行删掉前面的;号，值改成Asia/Shanghai

  3. 删掉opcache.enable=1，opcache.validate_timestamps=1，opcache.revalidate_freq=2这三行前面的;号，将opcache.revalidate_freq的值改成30;

    • 配置fpm：打开/etc/php/7.3/fpm/pool.d/www.conf文件，移除clear_env=no，env[开头那几行前面的;号（即388，401-405这几行前面的分号）；
    • 设置mariadb管理员密码： mysqladmin -uroot password '19990221';
    • 创建nextcloud数据库：mysql -uroot -p'19990221' -e 'create user nextcloud@"%" identified by "nextcloud数据库密码"; create database nextcloud default charset=utf8mb4; grant all privileges on nextcloud.* to nextcloud@"%"; flush privileges;'；
    • 配置nginx：在/etc/nginx/sites-enabled目录下，创建一个nextcloud文件，其内容如下（注意，本配置中禁用了https）：

    upstream php-handler {
    server unix:/run/php/php7.3-fpm.sock;
    }

    server {
    listen 80;
    listen [::]:80;
    server_name cloud.example.com;

    enforce https

    return 301 https://$server_name:443$request_uri;

    }

    server {

    listen 443 ssl http2;

    listen [::]:443 ssl http2;

    server_name cloud.example.com;

    Use Mozilla’s guidelines for SSL/TLS settings

    https://mozilla.github.io/server-side-tls/ssl-config-generator/

    NOTE: some settings below might be redundant

    ssl_certificate /etc/ssl/nginx/cloud.example.com.crt;

    ssl_certificate_key /etc/ssl/nginx/cloud.example.com.key;

    Path to the root of your installation

    root /var/www/html/nextcloud;

    location = /robots.txt {

    1. allow all;
    2. log_not_found off;
    3. access_log off;

    }

    The following 2 rules are only needed for the user_webfinger app.

    Uncomment it if you’re planning to use this app.

    rewrite ^/.well-known/host-meta /public.php?service=host-meta last;

    rewrite ^/.well-known/host-meta.json /public.php?service=host-meta-json last;

    The following rule is only needed for the Social app.

    Uncomment it if you’re planning to use this app.

    rewrite ^/.well-known/webfinger /public.php?service=webfinger last;

    location = /.well-known/carddav {
    return 301 $scheme://$host:$server_port/remote.php/dav;
    }
    location = /.well-known/caldav {
    return 301 $scheme://$host:$server_port/remote.php/dav;
    }

    set max upload size

    client_max_body_size 512M;
    fastcgi_buffers 64 4K;

    Enable gzip but do not remove ETag headers

    gzip on;
    gzip_vary on;
    gzip_comp_level 4;
    gzip_min_length 256;
    gzip_proxied expired no-cache no-store private no_last_modified no_etag auth;
    gzip_types application/atom+xml application/javascript application/json application/ld+json application/manifest+json application/rss+xml application/vnd.geo+json application/vnd.ms-fontobject application/x-font-ttf application/x-web-app-manifest+json application/xhtml+xml application/xml font/opentype image/bmp image/svg+xml image/x-icon text/cache-manifest text/css text/plain text/vcard text/vnd.rim.location.xloc text/vtt text/x-component text/x-cross-domain-policy;

    Uncomment if your server is build with the ngx_pagespeed module

    This module is currently not supported.

    pagespeed off;

    location / {

    1. rewrite ^ /index.php;

    }

    location ~ ^\/(?:build|tests|config|lib|3rdparty|templates|data)\/ {

    1. deny all;

    }
    location ~ ^\/(?:.|autotest|occ|issue|indie|db_|console) {

    1. deny all;

    }

    location ~ ^\/(?:index|remote|public|cron|core\/ajax\/update|status|ocs\/v[12]|updater\/.+|oc[ms]-provider\/.+).php(?:$|\/) {

    1. fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+?\.php)(\/.*|)$;
    2. set $path_info $fastcgi_path_info;
    3. try_files $fastcgi_script_name =404;
    4. include fastcgi_params;
    5. fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
    6. fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $path_info;
    7. #fastcgi_param HTTPS on;
    8. # Avoid sending the security headers twice
    9. fastcgi_param modHeadersAvailable true;
    10. # Enable pretty urls
    11. fastcgi_param front_controller_active true;
    12. fastcgi_pass php-handler;
    13. fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
    14. fastcgi_request_buffering off;

    }

    location ~ ^\/(?:updater|oc[ms]-provider)(?:$|\/) {

    1. try_files $uri/ =404;
    2. index index.php;

    }

    Adding the cache control header for js, css and map files

    Make sure it is BELOW the PHP block

    location ~ .(?:css|js|woff2?|svg|gif|map)$ {

    1. try_files $uri /index.php$request_uri;
    2. add_header Cache-Control "public, max-age=15778463";
    3. # Add headers to serve security related headers (It is intended to
    4. # have those duplicated to the ones above)
    5. # Before enabling Strict-Transport-Security headers please read into
    6. # this topic first.
    7. #add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=15768000; includeSubDomains; preload;" always;
    8. #
    9. # WARNING: Only add the preload option once you read about
    10. # the consequences in https://hstspreload.org/. This option
    11. # will add the domain to a hardcoded list that is shipped
    12. # in all major browsers and getting removed from this list
    13. # could take several months.
    14. add_header Referrer-Policy "no-referrer" always;
    15. add_header X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff" always;
    16. add_header X-Download-Options "noopen" always;
    17. add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN" always;
    18. add_header X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies "none" always;
    19. add_header X-Robots-Tag "none" always;
    20. add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block" always;
    22. # Optional: Don't log access to assets
    23. access_log off;

    }

    location ~ .(?:png|html|ttf|ico|jpg|jpeg|bcmap)$ {

    1. try_files $uri /index.php$request_uri;
    2. # Optional: Don't log access to other assets
    3. access_log off;

    }
    }

    • 启动各项服务：sudo systemctl restart nginx php7.3-fpm redis-server mariadb。如果系统安装了防火墙，记得放行80端口；
    • 打开浏览器，在地址栏输入树莓派的ip，例如：http://192.168.1.2，将出现nextcloud的设置页面，选择用户名和密码，以及输入数据库用户名和密码，完成设置。
    • 设置完成后，进入了类似百度云盘的操作界面，说明云盘已经初步搭建好了。
    • 配置nextcloud，使其性能更好：打开/var/www/html/nextcloud/config/config.php文件，在最后的);前添加缓存配置： `‘memcache.local’ => ‘OCMemcacheRedis’,

‘memcache.distributed’ => ‘OCMemcacheRedis’,
‘redis’ => [

  1. 'host'     => 'localhost',
  2.  'port'     => 6379,
  3.  'dbindex'  => 0,
  4.  'password' => '',
  5.  'timeout'  => 1.5,

],`

  • 至此，nextcloud的部署和设置全部完毕，在浏览器界面已经能够查看和管理各种数据和功能了。

其它

  1. 树莓派默认的sd卡存储空间很小，实践应该将nextcloud的程序文件托管在外置硬盘上；
  2. 设置外网访问需要用到域名、dns、https配置以及内网穿透，本文不再给出；
  3. 各平台客户端的设置和使用请参考官方教程，本文不再给出

参考

  1. https://docs.nextcloud.com/se…

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