【英语学习】【WOTD】countermand 释义/词源/示例

绝地灬酷狼 2022-01-31 12:04 202阅读 0赞

### 文章目录 ###

*  Podcast
 *  countermand \*v.\* \[KOUNT-er-mand\]
 *  Definition
 *  Did You Know?
 *  Examples

# Podcast #

[countermand podcast][]

# countermand *v.* \[KOUNT-er-mand\] #

取消，撤回，下相反的命令取消

# Definition #

1: to revoke (a command) by a contrary order  
1: 通过一个相反的指令撤回（命令）

2: to recall or order back by a superseding contrary order  
2：收回或者下令撤回

注：supersede：取代，接替，废弃

# Did You Know? #

In the military, one’s mandate is to follow the commands (and sometimes the countermands) of the officers. Doing their bidding is not particularly commendable — it’s simply mandatory. The Latin verb *mandare*, meaning “to entrust” or “to order,” is the authority behind *countermand*. It’s also behind the words *mandate*, *command*, *demand*, *commend* (which can mean “to entrust” as well as “to praise”), and *mandatory*. *Countermand* came to English via Anglo French, where the prefix *cuntre-* (“against”) was combined with the verb *mander* (“to command”). It has been a part of our language since the 1400s.

词源词根演化：*cuntre-* (“against”) + *mander* (“to command”) —> countermand (v.)

在军事上，对军人的要求是服从长官的command命令（有时候是countermand 相反命令）。严格执行长官的命令并不是特别的值得荣耀的事 — 因为在军队这是最简单的强制要求。 拉丁动词*mandare*，意思是“信赖”或者“命令”，是countermand背后的词源。这个词源也存在于诸多英语单词中，例如mandate，command，demand，commend（可以表示“信赖”或者“赞扬”）以及mandatory。countermand是通过盎格鲁诺曼语（Anglo-French）进入到英语中的，由前缀*cuntre-*（“相反”）与动词*mander*（“命令”）组合而成。自从1400年代英语就开始使用这个词了。

注：mandate：命令，指令，要求，授权；bidding：出价，投标，**命令**；commendable：值得赞美的，可钦佩的；entrust：信赖，信托，交托

# Examples #

*  “Although the Special Counsel regulations may not permit the Acting Attorney General to *countermand* certain decisions made by the Special Counsel, the Special Counsel remains subject to the Acting Attorney General’s plenary supervision.”  
    — **Jennifer Rubin**, *The Washington Post Blogs*, 13 Aug. 2018
    
    尽管特别理事会的章程不会允许代理总检察长撤回理事会的决策，但是理事会还是会在代理总检察长的完全监管之下的。
    
    注：plenary：充分的，完全的，全体出席的；
 *  “The idea … was that there should be an extra layer of distance between the people and the choice of president — and that this layer should consist of a group of citizens (electors) who freely deliberate about the choice … with the outcome of those deliberations treated as legitimate by the people even when it *countermands* the result of the popular vote.”  
    — **Damon Linker**, *The Week*, 19 Sept. 2018
    
    这个想法…是在民众与总统的选择之间增加额外一层间隔 — 这层间隔应该由一群公民（选举人）组成，他们可以不受干扰的研讨总统的选择… 研讨的结果被认为是由民众产生的合法结果，即使这个结果有可能与公众投票的结果相反。

注：deliberate：adj. 深思熟虑的，故意的，从容不迫的，v. 仔细考虑，研讨

[countermand podcast]: https://rss.art19.com/episodes/3fc8f5f3-88f2-48f9-bc32-b18e757db832.mp3