【英语学习】【WOTD】lacuna 释义/词源/示例

梦里梦外; 2022-01-26 13:25 172阅读 0赞

### 文章目录 ###

*  Podcast
 *  lacuna \*n.\* \[luh-KOO-nuh\]
 *  Definition
 *  Did You Know?
 *  Examples
 *  Bonus - Learner's Word
 *   *  gourd \*n.\*
     *  rhythm \*n.\*

# Podcast #

[lacuna podcast][]

# lacuna *n.* \[luh-KOO-nuh\] #

空白，间隙，腔隙

# Definition #

1: a blank space or a missing part : gap; *also*: deficiency  
1：一块空白或者缺失的部分：间隙；*也指*：缺陷

2: s small cavity, pit, or discontinuity in an anatomical structure  
2：解剖学上的小腔，小凹，不连续

# Did You Know? #

Exploring the etymology of *lacuna* involves taking a plunge into the pit — or maybe a leap into the *lacus* (that’s the Latin word for “lake”). Latin speakers modified *lacus* into *lacuna* and used it to mean “pit,” “cleft,” or “pool.” English speakers borrowed the term in the 17th century. It is usually pluralized as *lacunae*; however, *lacunas* is an accepted variant plural. Another English word that traces its origin to *lacuna* is *lagoon*, which came to us by way of Italian and French.

词源词根演化：*lacus* (“lake”) —> *lacuna* (“pit, cleft, pool”) —> lacuna

要探索 *lacuna* 的词源，需要跳到 pit 坑里 — 或者跳到湖里 *lacus*（拉丁语 “湖”）。拉丁世界把 *lacus* 修改了一下，变成了 *lacuna*，用于表示 “坑”，“裂”，“池”。英语世界在17世纪借来了 lacuna，通常它的复数形式写作 lacunae，但是 lacunas 也是一种可接受的复数变体写法。另外一个可以追溯到 *lacuna* 的英语单词是 lagoon，它是通过意大利语和法语进入英语的。

# Examples #

*  The osteocyte is a cell that is isolated in a *lacuna* of bone.  
    骨细胞是一种隔绝在骨窝中的细胞。
 *  “During her investigation, Charlie disguises herself as a man, but it’s not entirely clear why the private detective does this — the only *lacuna* in an otherwise well-handled plot.”  
    — **Eve Ottenberg**, *The Washington (D.C.) City Paper*, 8 Apr. 2019  
    在她的调查过程中，Charlie把她自己伪装成男人，但是为什么这个私家侦探要这么做，并没有明确表述 — 这是唯一的缺陷，否则是一个完美的情节设定。

# Bonus - Learner’s Word #

## gourd *n.* ##

/ˈguɚd/ 葫芦  
\[count\] : any one of several types of fruits that have a hard shell and that are used for decoration and not for eat

*  a variety of gourds  
    ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQzNDAxODA4_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]  
    **out of your gourd** *US, informal*  
    : crazy
 *  That guy is completely *out of his gourd*. \[=(more commonly) *out of mind*\]

— sometimes used to give emphasis

*  I was bored *out of my gourd*. \[= I was very bored\]

## rhythm *n.* ##

\[ˈriT͟Həm\] 韵律，旋律，节奏，步调  
Origin: mid 16th century (also originally in the sense ‘rhyme’): from French rhythme, or via Latin from Greek rhuthmos (related to rhein ‘to flow’).

1: a regular, repeated pattern of sounds or movements  
\[count\]

*  The music has a fast/slow/steady *rhythm*. \[=*beat*\]
 *  African/Caribbean *rhythms*

— often + *of*

*  the *rhythm* of the poetry
 *  the *rhythm* of his breathing
 *  the *rhythm* of the tides

\[noncount\]

*  the composer’s use of jazz *rhythm*
 *  He can’t play/dance ***in rhythm.*** = He has no ***sense of rhythm***.
 *  rhythm instruments  
    ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQzNDAxODA4_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]

2 \[count\]: a regular, repeated pattern of events, changes, activities, etc.

*  She enjoys the *rhythms* of country life.
 *  Travel can disrupt your body’s daily/biological/circadian *rhythm*.

[lacuna podcast]: https://rss.art19.com/episodes/0f8a3a78-a543-4eba-afb1-3eec3c02e15b.mp3
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[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzQzNDAxODA4_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]: /images/20220126/06fc3b2a12234d1da7c8f91bf3e7625d.png