SpringCloud：分布式事务Seata部署和集成

拼搏现实的明天。 2024-02-21 08:36 37阅读 0赞

## 一、部署Seata的tc-server ##

### 1.下载 ###

首先我们要下载`seata-server`包，地址在[http://seata.io/zh-cn/blog/download.html][http_seata.io_zh-cn_blog_download.html]

![在这里插入图片描述][cfb0253fd5c64ee9a0688ada5cfcc46b.png_pic_center]

### 2.解压 ###

在非中文目录解压缩这个`zip`包，其目录结构如下：

![在这里插入图片描述][40e0e91884f74f319aea1d19bcb3ab47.png_pic_center]

### 3.修改配置 ###

修改`conf`目录下的`registry.conf`文件：

![在这里插入图片描述][5fc2c8f8b8364857aa454ccf4673b045.png_pic_center]

内容如下：

#  Copyright 1999-2019 Seata.io Group.
    #
    #  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
    #  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
    #  You may obtain a copy of the License at
    #
    #  http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
    #
    #  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
    #  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
    #  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
    #  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
    #  limitations under the License.
    
    server:
      port: 7091
    
    spring:
      application:
        name: seata-server
    
    logging:
      config: classpath:logback-spring.xml
      file:
        path: ${
        user.home}/logs/seata
      extend:
        logstash-appender:
          destination: 127.0.0.1:4560
        kafka-appender:
          bootstrap-servers: 127.0.0.1:9092
          topic: logback_to_logstash
    
    console:
      user:
        username: seata
        password: seata
    
    seata:
      config:
        # support: nacos, consul, apollo, zk, etcd3
        type: file
        nacos:
          server-addr: 124.222.106.122:8848
          namespace: f4d6567e-1d68-476e-bcf5-9c08b34a605e
          group: DEFAULT_GROUP
          username: nacos
          password: nacos
          #context-path:
          ##if use MSE Nacos with auth, mutex with username/password attribute
          #access-key:
          #secret-key:
          data-id: seataServer.properties
      registry:
        # support: nacos, eureka, redis, zk, consul, etcd3, sofa
        type: file
        nacos:
          application: seata-server
          server-addr: 124.222.106.122:8848
          group: DEFAULT_GROUP
          namespace: f4d6567e-1d68-476e-bcf5-9c08b34a605e
          cluster: SH
          username: nacos
          password: nacos
          #context-path:
          ##if use MSE Nacos with auth, mutex with username/password attribute
          #access-key:
          #secret-key:    
      store:
        # support: file 、 db 、 redis
        mode: file
    #  server:
    #    service-port: 8091 #If not configured, the default is '${server.port} + 1000'
      security:
        secretKey: SeataSecretKey0c382ef121d778043159209298fd40bf3850a017
        tokenValidityInMilliseconds: 1800000
        ignore:
          urls: /,/**/*.css,/**/*.js,/**/*.html,/**/*.map,/**/*.svg,/**/*.png,/**/*.ico,/console-fe/public/**,/api/v1/auth/login

### 4.在`nacos`添加配置 ###

特别注意，为了让`tc`服务的集群可以共享配置，我们选择了`nacos`作为统一配置中心。因此服务端配置文件`seataServer.properties`文件需要在`nacos`中配好。

格式如下：

![在这里插入图片描述][18afb55da48b4d5e8a54c05d21e7757a.png_pic_center]

配置内容如下：

# 数据存储方式，db代表数据库
    store.mode=db
    store.db.datasource=druid
    store.db.dbType=mysql
    store.db.driverClassName=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    store.db.url=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/seata?useUnicode=true&rewriteBatchedStatements=true
    store.db.user=root
    store.db.password=123456
    store.db.minConn=5
    store.db.maxConn=30
    store.db.globalTable=global_table
    store.db.branchTable=branch_table
    store.db.queryLimit=100
    store.db.lockTable=lock_table
    store.db.maxWait=5000
    # 事务、日志等配置
    server.recovery.committingRetryPeriod=1000
    server.recovery.asynCommittingRetryPeriod=1000
    server.recovery.rollbackingRetryPeriod=1000
    server.recovery.timeoutRetryPeriod=1000
    server.maxCommitRetryTimeout=-1
    server.maxRollbackRetryTimeout=-1
    server.rollbackRetryTimeoutUnlockEnable=false
    server.undo.logSaveDays=7
    server.undo.logDeletePeriod=86400000
    
    # 客户端与服务端传输方式
    transport.serialization=seata
    transport.compressor=none
    # 关闭metrics功能，提高性能
    metrics.enabled=false
    metrics.registryType=compact
    metrics.exporterList=prometheus
    metrics.exporterPrometheusPort=9898

其中的数据库地址、用户名、密码都需要修改成你自己的数据库信息。

### 5.创建数据库表 ###

特别注意：`tc`服务在管理分布式事务时，需要记录事务相关数据到数据库中，你需要提前创建好这些表。

新建一个名为`seata`的数据库，运行`sql`文件，这些表主要记录全局事务、分支事务、全局锁信息：

SET NAMES utf8mb4;
    SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 0;
    
    -- ----------------------------
    -- 分支事务表
    -- ----------------------------
    DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `branch_table`;
    CREATE TABLE `branch_table`  (
      `branch_id` bigint(20) NOT NULL,
      `xid` varchar(128) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NOT NULL,
      `transaction_id` bigint(20) NULL DEFAULT NULL,
      `resource_group_id` varchar(32) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL,
      `resource_id` varchar(256) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL,
      `branch_type` varchar(8) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL,
      `status` tinyint(4) NULL DEFAULT NULL,
      `client_id` varchar(64) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL,
      `application_data` varchar(2000) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL,
      `gmt_create` datetime(6) NULL DEFAULT NULL,
      `gmt_modified` datetime(6) NULL DEFAULT NULL,
      PRIMARY KEY (`branch_id`) USING BTREE,
      INDEX `idx_xid`(`xid`) USING BTREE
    ) ENGINE = InnoDB CHARACTER SET = utf8 COLLATE = utf8_general_ci ROW_FORMAT = Compact;
    
    -- ----------------------------
    -- 全局事务表
    -- ----------------------------
    DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `global_table`;
    CREATE TABLE `global_table`  (
      `xid` varchar(128) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NOT NULL,
      `transaction_id` bigint(20) NULL DEFAULT NULL,
      `status` tinyint(4) NOT NULL,
      `application_id` varchar(32) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL,
      `transaction_service_group` varchar(32) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL,
      `transaction_name` varchar(128) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL,
      `timeout` int(11) NULL DEFAULT NULL,
      `begin_time` bigint(20) NULL DEFAULT NULL,
      `application_data` varchar(2000) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL,
      `gmt_create` datetime NULL DEFAULT NULL,
      `gmt_modified` datetime NULL DEFAULT NULL,
      PRIMARY KEY (`xid`) USING BTREE,
      INDEX `idx_gmt_modified_status`(`gmt_modified`, `status`) USING BTREE,
      INDEX `idx_transaction_id`(`transaction_id`) USING BTREE
    ) ENGINE = InnoDB CHARACTER SET = utf8 COLLATE = utf8_general_ci ROW_FORMAT = Compact;
    
    SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 1;

### 6.启动`TC`服务 ###

进入`bin`目录，运行其中的`seata-server.bat`即可：

![在这里插入图片描述][3d6d9bdc66544b45b8d673455e41d2d8.png_pic_center]

启动成功后，`seata-server`应该已经注册到`nacos`注册中心了。

打开浏览器，访问`nacos`地址：http://localhost:8848，然后进入服务列表页面，可以看到`seata-tc-server`的信息：

![在这里插入图片描述][283444b314324985a92b40ac7413aaf8.png_pic_center]

## 二、微服务集成`seata` ##

### 1.引入依赖 ###

首先，我们需要在微服务中引入`seata`依赖：

<dependency>
        <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-seata</artifactId>
        <exclusions>
            
            <exclusion>
                <artifactId>seata-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
                <groupId>io.seata</groupId>
            </exclusion>
        </exclusions>
    </dependency>
    
    <dependency>
        <groupId>io.seata</groupId>
        <artifactId>seata-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        <version>${seata.version}</version>
    </dependency>

### 2.修改配置文件 ###

需要修改`application.yml`文件，添加一些配置：

seata:
      registry: # TC服务注册中心的配置，微服务根据这些信息去注册中心获取tc服务地址
        # 参考tc服务自己的registry.conf中的配置
        type: nacos
        nacos: # tc
          server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848
          namespace: ""
          group: DEFAULT_GROUP
          application: seata-tc-server # tc服务在nacos中的服务名称
          cluster: SH
      tx-service-group: seata-demo # 事务组，根据这个获取tc服务的cluster名称
      service:
        vgroup-mapping: # 事务组与TC服务cluster的映射关系
          seata-demo: SH

## 三、`TC`服务的高可用和异地容灾 ##

### 1.模拟异地容灾的`TC`集群 ###

计划启动两台`seata`的`tc`服务节点：

<table> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th>节点名称</th> 
   <th>ip地址</th> 
   <th>端口号</th> 
   <th>集群名称</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>seata</td> 
   <td>127.0.0.1</td> 
   <td>8091</td> 
   <td>SH</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>seata2</td> 
   <td>127.0.0.1</td> 
   <td>8092</td> 
   <td>HZ</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

之前我们已经启动了一台`seata`服务，端口是`8091`，集群名为`SH`。

现在，将`seata`目录复制一份，起名为`seata2`

修改`seata2/conf/registry.conf`内容如下：

registry {
      # tc服务的注册中心类，这里选择nacos，也可以是eureka、zookeeper等
      type = "nacos"
    
      nacos {
        # seata tc 服务注册到 nacos的服务名称，可以自定义
        application = "seata-tc-server"
        serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:8848"
        group = "DEFAULT_GROUP"
        namespace = ""
        cluster = "HZ"
        username = "nacos"
        password = "nacos"
      }
    }
    
    config {
      # 读取tc服务端的配置文件的方式，这里是从nacos配置中心读取，这样如果tc是集群，可以共享配置
      type = "nacos"
      # 配置nacos地址等信息
      nacos {
        serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:8848"
        namespace = ""
        group = "SEATA_GROUP"
        username = "nacos"
        password = "nacos"
        dataId = "seataServer.properties"
      }
    }

进入`seata2/bin`目录，然后运行命令：

seata-server.bat -p 8092

打开`nacos`控制台，查看服务列表：

![在这里插入图片描述][3927d70ad5714ba880045059a2b57b47.png_pic_center]

点进详情查看：

![在这里插入图片描述][ee2f65d310124d8e977110ff47ebd7da.png_pic_center]

### 2.将事务组映射配置到`nacos` ###

接下来，我们需要将`tx-service-group`与`cluster`的映射关系都配置到`nacos`配置中心。

新建一个配置：

![在这里插入图片描述][e4d4febab4ee44cb9c851a6d4627e4e9.png_pic_center]

配置的内容如下：

# 事务组映射关系
    service.vgroupMapping.seata-demo=SH
    
    service.enableDegrade=false
    service.disableGlobalTransaction=false
    # 与TC服务的通信配置
    transport.type=TCP
    transport.server=NIO
    transport.heartbeat=true
    transport.enableClientBatchSendRequest=false
    transport.threadFactory.bossThreadPrefix=NettyBoss
    transport.threadFactory.workerThreadPrefix=NettyServerNIOWorker
    transport.threadFactory.serverExecutorThreadPrefix=NettyServerBizHandler
    transport.threadFactory.shareBossWorker=false
    transport.threadFactory.clientSelectorThreadPrefix=NettyClientSelector
    transport.threadFactory.clientSelectorThreadSize=1
    transport.threadFactory.clientWorkerThreadPrefix=NettyClientWorkerThread
    transport.threadFactory.bossThreadSize=1
    transport.threadFactory.workerThreadSize=default
    transport.shutdown.wait=3
    # RM配置
    client.rm.asyncCommitBufferLimit=10000
    client.rm.lock.retryInterval=10
    client.rm.lock.retryTimes=30
    client.rm.lock.retryPolicyBranchRollbackOnConflict=true
    client.rm.reportRetryCount=5
    client.rm.tableMetaCheckEnable=false
    client.rm.tableMetaCheckerInterval=60000
    client.rm.sqlParserType=druid
    client.rm.reportSuccessEnable=false
    client.rm.sagaBranchRegisterEnable=false
    # TM配置
    client.tm.commitRetryCount=5
    client.tm.rollbackRetryCount=5
    client.tm.defaultGlobalTransactionTimeout=60000
    client.tm.degradeCheck=false
    client.tm.degradeCheckAllowTimes=10
    client.tm.degradeCheckPeriod=2000
    
    # undo日志配置
    client.undo.dataValidation=true
    client.undo.logSerialization=jackson
    client.undo.onlyCareUpdateColumns=true
    client.undo.logTable=undo_log
    client.undo.compress.enable=true
    client.undo.compress.type=zip
    client.undo.compress.threshold=64k
    client.log.exceptionRate=100

### 3.微服务读取`nacos`配置 ###

接下来，需要修改每一个微服务的`application.yml`文件，让微服务读取`nacos`中的`client.properties`文件：

seata:
      config:
        type: nacos
        nacos:
          server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848
          username: nacos
          password: nacos
          group: SEATA_GROUP
          data-id: client.properties

重启微服务，现在微服务到底是连接`tc`的`SH`集群，还是`tc`的`HZ`集群，都统一由`nacos`的`client.properties`来决定了。

[http_seata.io_zh-cn_blog_download.html]: http://seata.io/zh-cn/blog/download.html
[cfb0253fd5c64ee9a0688ada5cfcc46b.png_pic_center]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/02/21/c1b062e246ba4aad8339308172f3655c.png
[40e0e91884f74f319aea1d19bcb3ab47.png_pic_center]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/02/21/589dffbedf354d71b1552de9b58e215c.png
[5fc2c8f8b8364857aa454ccf4673b045.png_pic_center]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/02/21/cc189e6069444f1097ccf3dbdecffa52.png
[18afb55da48b4d5e8a54c05d21e7757a.png_pic_center]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/02/21/223bf7d5a6a241cbb15083033e1b53f0.png
[3d6d9bdc66544b45b8d673455e41d2d8.png_pic_center]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/02/21/552f5ae7cac44b95bbec90505123ec78.png
[283444b314324985a92b40ac7413aaf8.png_pic_center]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/02/21/c3e912e982304196ae6a34443a4a3f6d.png
[3927d70ad5714ba880045059a2b57b47.png_pic_center]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/02/21/6b349df572c14a88b99390b8d21d689e.png
[ee2f65d310124d8e977110ff47ebd7da.png_pic_center]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/02/21/00abcba0a9f047b893e363674f999cd8.png
[e4d4febab4ee44cb9c851a6d4627e4e9.png_pic_center]: https://image.dandelioncloud.cn/pgy_files/images/2024/02/21/33a4bd1437134baba78741044e9ede51.png