大学英语四级阅读40篇(含答案)

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书名：《大学英语四级阅读200篇》前40篇

出版社：上海交通大学出版社

1/200.

There are three kinds of goals: short-term, medium-range and long-term goals. Short-range goals are those that usually deal with current activities, which we can apply on a daily basis. Such goals can be achieved in a week or less, or two weeks, or possible months. It should be remembered that just as a building is no stronger than its foundation, out long-term goals cannot amount to very munch without the achievement of solid short-term goals. Upon completing our short-term goals, we should date the occasion and then add new short-term goals that will build on those that have been completed.

The intermediate goals bukld on the foundation of the short-range goals. They might deal with just one term of school or the entire school year, or they could even extend for several years. Any time you move a step at a time, you should never allow yourself to become discouraged or overwhelmed. As you complete each step, you will enforce the belief in your ability to grow adn succeed. And as your list of completion dates grow, your motivation and desire will increase.

Long-range goals may be related to our dreams of the future. They might cover five years or more. Life is not a static thing. We should never allow a long-term goal to limit us or our course of action.

1. Our long-term goals mean a lot \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. if we complete our short-range goals

b. if we cannot reach solid short-term goals

c. if we write down the dates

d. if we put forward some plans

2. New short-term goals are bulid upon \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. two years

b. long-term goals

c. current activities

d. the goals that have been completed

3. When we complete each step of our goals, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. we will win final success

b. we are overwhelmed

c. we should build up confidence of success

d. we should strong desire for setting new goals

4. Once our goals are drawn up, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. we should stick to them until we complete them

b. we may change our goals as we have new ideas and opportunities

c. we had better wait for the exciting news of success

d. we have made great decision

5. It is implied but not stated in the passage that \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. those who habe long-term goals will succeed

b. writing down the dates may discourage you

c. the goal is only a guide for us to reach our desination

d. every should have a goal

1/200答案：adcbc

2/200

The economy of the United states after 1952 was the econnomy of a well-fed, almost fully employed people. Despit occasional alarms, the country escaped any postwar depression and lived in a state of boom. A n economic survey of the year 1955, a typical year of the 1950's, may be typical as illustrating the rapid economic growth of the decade. The national output was value at 10 percent above that of 1954 (1955 output was estimated at 392 billion dollars). The production of manufacturers was about 40 percent more than it had averaged in the years immediately following World War 2. The country's business spent about 30 billion dollars for new factories and machinery. National income available for spending was almost a third greater than it had been it had been in 1950. Consumers spent about 256 billion dollars; that is about 700 million dollars a day, or about twenty-five million dollars every hour, all round the clock. Sixty-five million people held jobs and only a little more than two million wanted jobs but could not find them. Only agriculture complained that it was not sharing in the room. To some observers this was an ominous echo of the mid-1920's. As farmer's shre of their products declined, marketing costs rose. But there were, among the observers of the national economy, a few who were not as confident as the majority. Those few seemed to fear that the boom could not last and would eventually lead to the oppsite-depression.

1. What is the best title of the passage?

a. The Agriculatural Trends of 1950's

b. The Unemployment Rate of 1950's

c. U. S. Economy in the 50's

d. The Federal Budget of 1952

2. In Line 4, the word “boom” could best be replaced by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. nearby explosion

b. thunderous noise

c. general public support

d. rapid economic growth

3. It can be inferred the national from the passage that most people in the United States in 1955 viewed the national economy with an air of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. confidence

b. confusion

c. disappointment

d. suspicion

4. Which of the following were LEAST satisfied with the national economy in the 1950's?

a. Economists

b. Frmaers

c. Politicians

d. Steelworkers

5. The passage states that incom available for spending in the U. S. was greater in 1955 than in 1950. How much was it?

a. 60％

b. 50％

c. 33％

d. 90％

2/200答案：cdabc

3/200

Women are also underrepresented in the administration and this is because there are so few women full professors. In 1985, Regent Beryl Milburn produced a report blasting the University of Texas System adminitration for not encouraging women. The University was rated among the lowest for the system. In a 1987 update, Milburn commended the progress that was made and called for even more improvement.

One of the positive results from her study was a System-wide program to inform women of available administrative jobs.

College of Communication Associate Dean Patrica Witherspoon, said it is important that woman be flexible when it comesto relocating if they want to rise in the ranks.

Although a woman may face a chilly climate on campus, many times in order for her to succeed, she must rise above the problems around her and concentrate on her work.

Until women make up a greater percentage of the senior positions in the University and all academia, inequities will exist.

"Women need to spend their energies and time doing scholarly activities that are important here at the University."Spirduso said."If they do that will be successful in this system. If they spend their time in little groups mourning the sexual discrimination that they think exists here, they are wasting valuable study time."

1. According to Spirduso, women need to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. produce a report on sexual discrimination

b. call for further improvement in their working conditions

c. spend their energies and time fighting against sexual discrimination

d. spend more time and energy doing scholarly activities

2. From this passage, we know that \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. there are many women full professors in the University of Texas

b. women play an important part in adminitrating the University

c. the weather on the campus is chilly

d. women make up a small percentage of the senior positions in the University

3. Which of the following statements is true?

a. the number of women professors in the University in 1987 was greater than that of 1985

b. the number of women professors in the University in 1987 was smaller than that of 1985

c. the number of women professors was the same as that of 1985

d. more and more women professors thought that sexual discrimination did exit in the University

4. One of the positive results from Milburn's study was that \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. women were told to con centrate on teir work

b. women were given information about available administrative jobs

c. women were encouraged to take on all the administrative jobs in the Unversity

d. women were encouraged to do more scholarly activities

5. The title for this passage should be \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. The University of Texas

b. Milburn's Report

c. Women Professors

d. Sexual Discrimination in Academia

3/200答案：ddabd

4/200

Today, as in every other day of the year, more than 3000 U. S. adlescents will smoke their first cigarette on their way to becoming regular smokers as adults. During their lifetime, it can be expected that of these 3000 about 23 will be murdered,30 will die in traffic accidents, and nearly 750 will be killed by a smoking-related disease. The number of deaths attributed to cigarette smoking outweithts all other factors, whether voluntary or involuntary, as a cause of death.

Since the late 1970 s, when daily smoking among high school seniors reached 30 precent, smoking rates among youth have declined. While the decline is impressive, several important issues must be raised.

First, in the past several years, smoking rates among youth have declined very little. Second, in the late 1970 s, smoking among male high school seniors exceeded that among female by nearly 10 percent. The statistic is reversing. Third, several recent studies have indicate high school dropouts have excessively high smoking rates, as much as 75 percent.

Finally, thouth significant declines in adolescent smoking have occurred in the past decade, no definite reasons for the decline exist. Within this context, the Naional Cancer Instiute (NCI) began its current effort to determine the most effecive measures to reduce smoking levesl among youth.

1. According to the author, the deaths among youth are mainly caused by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. traffic accidents

b. smoking-related desease

c. murder

d. all of these

2. Every day there are over \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ high school strdents who will become regular smoker.

a.75 b.23 c.30 d.3000

3. By "dropout" the author means \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. students who failed the examination

b. students who left school

c. students who lost their way

d. students who were driven out of school

4. The reason for declining adolescent smoking is that \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. NCI has taken effective measures

b. smoking is prevented among high school seniors

c. there are many smokers who have died of cancer

d. none of these

5. What is implied but not stated by the author is that \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. smoking rates among youth have declined very little

b. there are now more female than male smokers among high school seniors

c. high smoking rates are due to the incease in wealth

d. smoking at high school are from low socio-economic backgrounds

4/200答案：bdbdb

5/200

The food we eat seems to have profound effects on our health. Although science has made enormous steps in making food more fit to eat, it has, at the same time, made many foods unfit to eat. Some research has shown that perhaps eighty percent of all human illnesses are related to diet and forty percent of cancer is related to the diet as well, especially cancer of the colon. Different cultures are more likely to cause certain different illnesses because of the food that is characteristic in these cultures. That food is related to illness is nto a new discovery. In 1945, about 35 years ago, government researchers realized that nitrates, commonly used to preserve color in meats, and other food additivies, caused cancer. Yet, these carcinogenic additives remain in our food, and it becomes more difficult all the time to know which things on the packaging labels of processed food are helpful or harmful. The additives which we eat are not all so direct. Farmers often give penicillin to beef and living animals, and because of this, penicillin has been found in the milk of treated cow. Sometimes similar drugs are given to animals not for medical purposes, but for financial reasons. The farmers are simply trying to fatten the animals in order to obtain a higher price on the market. Although the Food and Drug Administration (FDA. has tried repeatedly to control these procedures, the practices continue.

1. What is the best possible title of the passage?

a. Drug and Food

b. Cancer and Health

c. Food and Health

d. Health and Drug

2. Which of the following statements is NOT ture?

a. Drugs are always given to animals for medical reasons

b. Some of the additives in our food are added to the food itself and some are given to the living animals

c. Researchers have known about the potential dangers of food additives for over thirty-five years.

d. Food may cause forty percent of cancer in world.

3. How has science done something harmful to mankind?

a. Because of science, diseases caused by polluted food haven been virtually eliminated.

b. It has caused a lack of information concerning the *value* of food.

c. Because of the application of science, some potentially harmful substances have been added to food.

d. The scientists have preserved the color of meats, but not of vegetables.

4. What are nitrates used for?

a. They preserve flavor in packaged foods.

b. They preserve the color of meats.

c. They are the objects of research.

d. They cause the animals to become fatter.

5. The word 'carcinogenic' most nearly means ' \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_'.

a. trouble-making

b. color-retaining

c. money-making

d. cancer-causing

5/200答案：cacbd

6/200

As the pace of life continues to increase, we are fast losing the art of relaxation. Once you are in the habit of rushing through lift, being on the go from morning till night, it is hard to slow down. But relaxation is essential for a healthy mind and body.

Stress is an natural part of everyday lift and there is no way to avoid it. In fact, it is not the bad thing it is often supposed to be. A certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation adn give purpose to life. It is only when the stress gets out of control that it can lead to poor performance and ill health.

The amount of stress a person can withstand depends very much on the individual. Some people are not afraid of stress, and such characters are obviously prime material for managerial responsibilities. Others lose heart at the first signs of unusual difficulties. When exposed to stress, in whatever form, we react both chemically and physically. In fact we make choice between "fight"or"flight" and in more primitive days the choice made the difference between life or death. The crises we meet today are unlikely to be so extreme, but however little the stress, it involves the same response. It is when such a reaction lasts long, through continued exposure to stress, that health becomes endangered. Such serious conditions as high blood pressure and heart disease have established links with stress. Since we cannot remove stress from our lives (it would be unwise to do so even if we could), we need to find ways to deal with it.

1. People are finding less and less time for relaxing themselves because \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. they do not know how to enjoy themselves

b. they do not believe that relaxation is important for health

c. they are travelling fast all the time

d. they are becoming busier with their work

2. According to the writer, the most important character for a good manager is his \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. not fearing stress

b. knowing the art of relaxation

c. high sense of responsibility

d. having control over performance

3. Which of the follwing statements is ture?

a. We can find some ways to avoid stress

b. Stress is always harmful to people

c. It is easy to change the hagit of keeping oneself busy with work.

d. Different people can withstand different amounts of stress

4. In Paragraph 3, "such a reaction" refers back to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a."making a choice between 'flight' or 'fight'"

b."reaction to stress both chemically and physically"

c."responding to crises quickly"

d."losing heart at the signs difficulties"

5. In the last sentence of the passage,"do so" refers to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a."expose ourselves to stress"

b."find ways to deal with stress"

c."remove stress from our lives"

d."established links between diseases and stress"

6/200答案：dadbc

In the 1960 s, many young Americans were dissatisfied with American society. They wanted to end the Vietnam War and to make all of the people in the U. S. epual. Some of them decided to "drop out"of American society and form their own societies. They formed utopian communities, which they called"communes,"where they could follow their philosophy of"do your own thing."A group of artists founded a commune in southern Colorado called"Drop City." Following the ideas of philosopher and architect Buckminster Fuller they built domeshaped houses from pieces of old cars. Other groups, such as author Ken Kesey's Merry Pranksters, the followers fo San Francisco poet Steve Gakin, and a group that called itself the Hog Farm, lived in old school huses and traveled around the United States. The Hog Farm become famous when they helped organize the Woodstock Rock Festival in 1969. Steve Gaskin's followers tried to settle down on a farm in Tennessee, but they had to leave when some members of the gruop were arrested for growing marijuana.

Not all communes believed in the philosophy of "do you own thing,"however. Twin Oaks, a commune founded in Virgiania in the late 1960 s, was based on the ideas of psychologist B. F. Skinner. The people who lived at Twin Oaks were carefully controlled by Skinner's"conditioning"techniques to do things that were good for the community. In 1972, Italian architect Paolo Soleri began to build Arcosanti, a utopian city Arizsona where 2500 people will live closely together in one large building called an"archology" Soleri believes that people must live closely together so that they will all become one.

1. Why did some young Americans decide to "drop out" of scoiety during the 1960 s?

a. They were not satisfied with American society.

b. They wanted to grow marijuana.

c. They wanted to go to the Vietnam War.

d. They did not want all people to be equal.

2. Where did the members of the Hog Farm commune live?

a. In dome-shaped house

b. In old school huses

c. On a farm inTennessee

d. In an archology in Arizona

3. Who gave the people of Drop City the idea to bulid dome-shaped house?

a. Paolo Soleri

b. B. G. Skinner

c. Steve Gaskin

d. Buckminster Fuller

4. What was the Twin Oaks commune base on?

a. The philosophy of "do your own thing"

b. Virginaia in the late 1960 s

c. The ideas of psychologist

d. The belief that people must live closely togerher.

5. What is an "archology"?

a. A person who studies archaeology

b. A large building where people live closely together

c. A city in A rizona

d. A technique to contorl people

7/200答案：abdcb

8/200

There are two factors which determine an individual's intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born with. Human brains differ considerably, some being more capable than others. But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn. So the second factor is what happens to the individual - the sort of environment in which he is reared. If an individual is handicapped envionmentally, it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable.

The importance of environment in determining an individual's intellingence can be demonstrated by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and Mark X. Being identical, the twins had identical brains at birth, and their growth processes were the same. When the twins were three months old, their parents died, and they were placed in separate foster homes. Peter was reated by parents of low intelligence in an isolatedcommunity with poor educational pooprtunities. Mark was reared inthe home of well-to-do parents who had been to college. He was read to as a child, sent to good schools, and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually. This enviromental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were giben tesets to measure their intelligence. Mark's I. Q. was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother. Given equal opportunities, the twins, having identical brains, would have tested at roughly the same level.

1. This selection can best be titled \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. Measuring Your Intelligence

b. Intelligence and Environment

c. The Case of Peter and Mark

d. How the brain Influences Intelligence

2. The beststatement of the main idea of this passage is that \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. human brains differ considerably

b. the brain a person is born with is improtant in determining his intelligence

c. environment is crucial in determining a person's intelligence

d. persons having identical brains will have roughly the same intelligence

3. According to the passage, the average I. Q. is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a.85

b.100

c.110

d.125

4. The case history of the twins appears to support the conclusion that \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. individual with identical brains seldom test at same level

b. an individual's intelligence is determined only by his enviroment

c. lack of opportunity blocks the growth of intelligence

d. changes of enviroment produce changes in the structure of the brain

5. This passage suggests that an individual 's I. Q. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. can be predicted at birth

b. stays the same throuthout his life

c. can be increased by education

d. is determined by his childhood

8/200答案：bcbcc

9/200

As she walked round the huge department store, Edith reflected how difficult it was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father. She wishes that he was as easy to please as her mother, who was always delighted with perfume

Besides, shoppong at this time of the year was a most disgreeable experience: people trod on your toes, poked you with their elbows and almost knocked you overin their haste to get to a bargain ahead of you.

Partly to have a rest, Edith paused in front of a counter where some attracive ties were on display. "They are real silk,"the assistant assured her, trying to tempt her."Worth double the price." But edit knew from past experience that her choice of ties hardly ever pleased her father.

She moved on reluctantly and then quite by chance, stopped where a small crowd of man had gathered round a counter. She found some good quality pipes on sale - and the prices were very reasonable. Edith did not hesitate for long: although her father only smoked a pipe occasionally, she knew that this was a present which was bund to please him.

When she got home, with her small well-chosen present concealed in her handbag, her parents were already at the supper table. Her mother was in an especially cheerful mood, "Your father has at last to decided to stop smoking." She informed her daughter.

1. Edith's father \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. did not like present

b. never got present

c. preferred ties

d. was difficult to choose a present for

2. The assistant spoke to Edith because she seemed \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. attractive

b. interested in ties

c. tired

d. in need of comfort

3. Edith stopped at the next counter \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. purosely

b. suddenly

c. unwillingly

d. accidentally

4. Edith's father smoked a pipe \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. when he was obliged

b. on social occasions

c. from time to time

d. when he was delighted

5. Shopping was very disagreeable at that time of the year because \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. coustomers trod on each other's toes

b. coustomers poked each other with their elbows

c. customers knocked each other

d. customers were doing their shopping in a great hurry

9/200答案：dbdcd

10/200

If the population of the earth goes on increasing at its present rate, there will eventually not be enough resources left to sustain life on the planet. By the middle of the 21st century, if present trends continue, we will have used up all the oil that drives our cars, for example. Even if scientists develop new ways of feeding the human race, the crowded conditions on earth will make it necessary for lus to look for open space somewhere else. But none of the other planets in our solar system are capable of supporting life at present. One possible solution to the problem, however, has recently been suggested by American scientist, Professor Carl Sagan.

Sagan believes that before the earth's resources are compleetely exhausted it will be possible to change the atmophere of Venus and so create a new world almost as large as earth itself. The difficult is that Venus is much hotter than the earth and there is only a tiny amount of water there.

Sagan proposes that algae organisms that can live in extremely hot or cold atmospheres and at the same time produce oxygen, should be bred in condition similar to those on Venus. As soon as this has been done, the algae will be placed in small rockets. Spaceship will then fly to Venus and fire the rockets into the atmosphere. In a fairly short time, the alge will break down the carbon dioxide into oxygen and carbon.

When the algae have done theri work, the atmosphere will become cooler, but befor man can set foot on Venus it will be neccessary for the oxygen to produce rain. The surface of the planet will still be too hot for man to land on it but the rain will eventually fall and in a few years something like earth will be reproduced on Venus.

1. Inte long run, the most insoluble problem caused by population growth on earth will probably be the lack of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. food

b. oil

c. space

d. resources

2. Carl Sagan believes that Venus might be colonized from earth because \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

a. it might be possible to change its atmosphere

b. its atmosphere is the same as the earth's

c. there is a good supply of water on Venus

d. the days on Venus are long enough

3. On Venus there is a lot of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. water

b. carbon dioxide

c. carbon monoxide

d. oxygen

4. Algae are plants that can \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. live in very hot temperatures

b. live in very cold temperatures

c. manufacture oxygen

d. all of the above

5. Man can land on Venus only when \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. the algae have done their work

b. the atmosphere becomes cooler

c. thereis oxygen

d. it rains there

10/200答案：cabdd

11/200

What is your favourite colour? Do you like yellow, orange, red? If you do, you must be an optimist, a leader, an active person who enjoys life, people and excitement. Do you prefer greys and blues? Then you are probably quiet, shy, and you would rather follow than lead. You tend to be a pessimist. At least, this is what psychologists tell us, and they should know, because they have been seriously studying the meaning of colours preference, as well as the effect that colours have on human beings. They tells us, among other facts, that we do not choose our favourite clour as we grow up - we are born with our preference. If you happen to love brown, you did so, as soon as you opened your eyes, or at least as soon as you could see clearly.

Colours do influence our moods - there is no doubt about it. A yellow room makes most people feel more cheerful and more relaxed than a dark green one; and a red dress brings warmth and cheer to the saddest winter day. On the other hand, black is depressing. A black bridge over the Thames River, near London, used to be the scene of more suicides than any other bridge in the area - until it was repainter green. The number of suicide attempts immediately fell sharply; perhaps it would have fallen even more if the bridge had been done in pink or baby blue.

Light and bright colours make people not only hppier but more active. It is an established fact that factory workers work better, harder, and have fewer accidents when their machines are painted orange rather than black or grey.

1."You would rather follow than red" means \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. you don't like to follow others

b. you would be a member rather than a leader

c. you would be afraid of following others

d. you would like to be a leader rather than a follower

2. If one enjoys life, one is sure to prefer \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. red to yellow

b. blue to orange

c. red to grey

d. blue to yellow

3."They tell us, among other facts, that we don't choose our favourite colours as we grow up.""Among other facts" means \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. besides other facts

b. in regard to other facts

c. not considering other facts

d. according to other facts

4. Which of the following is facts?

a. People's preference of one colour to another is instinct

b. People's preference of one colour to another is acquired as they grow up.

c. More people happen to love brown because they saw something brown when they were born

d. Colours have little influence on our moods

5. Those who committed suicide preferred the bridge over the Thames River near london to others because of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. its shape

b. its structure

c. its colour

d. its building materials

11/200答案：bcaac

12/200

Social customs and ways of behaving change. Things which were considered impolite many years ago are now acceptable. Just a few years ago, it was considered impolite behaviour for a man to smoke on street. No man who thought of himself by smoking when a lady was in a room.

Customs also differ from country to country. Does a man walk on the left or the right of a woman in your country? Or doesn't it matter? Should you use both hands when you are eating? Should leave one in your lap, or on the table?

The Americans and the British not only speak the same language but also share a large number of social customs. For example, in both America and England people shake hands when they meet each other for the first time. Also, most Englishmen will open a door for a wonman or offer their seat to a woman, and so will most Americans. Promptness is important both in England and in America. That is, if a dinner invitation is for 7 o'clock, the dinner guest either arrives close to that time or calls up to explain his delay.

The important thing to remember about social customs is not to do anything that might make other people feel uncomfortable - especially if they are your guests. When the food was served, one of the guests strated to eat his peas with a knife. The other guests were amused or shocked, but the host calmly picked up his knife and began eating in the same way. It would have been bad manners to make his guest feel foolish or uncomfortable.

1. If one has accepted a dinner invitation, what should he do if he is tobe late for the dinner?

a. He should find an excuse

b. He should adk for excuse.

c. He should say sorry

d. He should telephone to explain his being late.

2."It would have been bad manners to make his guests feel foolish or uncomfortable.""Bad manners" means \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. ugly

b. dishonest

c. impolite

d. shameful

3. which of the following do you think is the best tiltle for this passage?

a. Social Customs and Customs

b. Social Life

c. American and British Customs

d. Promptness Is Important

4. According to the text, the best host \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. tries his best to make his guests feel comfortable

b. makes his guests feel excited

c. tries to avoid being naughty to his guests

d. tries to avoid being foolish

5. The author of this article may agree with which of the following?

a. The guest who ate his peas with a knife

b. The other guests who were amused or shocked

c. The host who picked up his knife and began eating in the same way

d. None of the above

12/200答案：dcaac

13/200

New Orleans, Louisiana, was established as part of the French Empire in 1718.

Its location on the east bank of the Mississippi River gave it control of the American hinerland and it became strategically important to many nations. It was transferred from France to Spain, returned to France, and finally sold by Napoleon to the United States in 1803. The city was the site of a famous battle fought in 1815 between the British, who hoped to control it, and the Americans under General And rew Jackson.

The riverbed of the Mississippi is constantly silting and the river is now actually higher than the city. Levees hold back the river and giant pumps are used to move water from the city into the river.

Although New Orleans haas beena part of the United States for almost two centuries, its population takes great pride in its French heritage. Louisiana still retains parts of the Code Napoleon which, form many years, was its only law.

New Orleans is carefree city and it boasts its hot, spicy Creole seafood and its native Dixieland Jazz. The jackson Square neighborhood maintains its French colonial homes and in other sections are pre-Civil War mansions. Visitors are surprised to find that behind this interesting facade of yesteryear, is a busy industrial and port city. Grain and coal come from the Midwest and foreigh cargoes are unloaded here. New Orleans is no longer a sleepy Southern town - but it's still fun to visit.

1. What accounts for the levees and pumps in New Orleans?

a. The Mississippi frequently floods the city.

b. The riverbed has raised inthe past 200 years.

c. The torrential rains flood the city frequently.

d. The high humidity cannot otherwise be comtrolled.

2. The battle of New Orleans was fought by jackson against \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. France

b. Britain

c. Spain

d. The North

3. The Code Napoleon was \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. an agreement to sell Louisiana

b. a body of laws

c. a city plan

d. a military code for the army

4. Which of the following elements does not apply to the attiude of the inhabitants of New Orleans?

a. Pride in their French heritage.

b. A desire to retain picturesque colonial buildings.

c. A refusal to engage in trade and commerce

d. A praising of Dixieland Jazz.

5. Tourists visiting New Orleans are surprised to encounter \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. Creole food

b. Dixieland jazz

c. bustling city

d. authentic colonial homes

13/200答案： bbbcc

14/200

The United States is on the verge of losing its leading place in the world's technology. So says more than one study in recent years. One of the reasons for this decline is the parallel decline in the number of U. S. scientists and engineers.

Since 1976, employment of scientists and engineers is up 85 percent. This trend is expected to continue. However, the trend shows that the number of 22-year-olds - the near term source of future PH. D. s-is declining. Further adding to the problem is the increased competition for these candidates from other fields-law, medicine, business, etc. While the number of U. S. PH. D. s in science and engineering declines, the award of PH. D. s to foreign nationals is increasing rapidly.

Our inability to motivate students to pursue science and engineering careers at the graduate level is compounded because of the intense demand industry has for bright Bachelor's and Master's degree holders. Too often, promising PH. D. candidates, confronting the cost and financial sacrifice of pursuing their education, find the attraction of industry irresistible.

1. The U. S. will come to lose its leading place in technology probably because \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. the number of PH. D. degree holders is declining

b. the number of scientists and engineers is decreasing

c. the number of 22-year-ilds is declining

d. scientists and engineers are not employed

2. The field of science and engineering is facing a competition from \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. technology

b. foreign nationals

c. such fields as law, medicine and business

d. postgraduates

3. Large-scale enterprises now need \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. bright graduates and postgraduates

b. new inventions

c. advanced technology

d. engineers

4. Many promising postgraduates are unwilling to pursue a PH. D. degree because \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. they are not encouraged to be engaged in science

b. industry does not require PH. D. holders

c. they have financial difficulties

d. they will spend much time and energy completing PH. D.

5. PH. D. candidates "find the attraction of industry irresistible" means that \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. they find industry is attracting more and more college students

b. they don't think they can prevent themselves from working for industry

c. they cannot resist any attraction from all sides

d. they cannot work for industry any longer

14/200答案：bcadb

15/200

Newdays, a standard for measuring power has changed. These changes foretell a new standard for measuring power. No longer will a nation's political influence be based solely on the strength of its military forces. Of course, military effectiveness will remain a primary primary measure of power. But political influence is also closely tied to industrial competitiveness. It's often said that without its military the Soviet Union would really be a third-world nation. The new standard of opwer and influence that is evolving now places more emphasis on the ability of a country to compete effectively in the economic markets of the world.

America must recognize this new course of events. Our success in shaping world events over the past 40 years has been the direct result of our ability to adapt technology and to take advantage of the capabilities of our people for the purpose of maintaining peace. Our industrial prowess over most of this period was unchallenged. It is ironic that it is just this prowess that has enabled other countries to prosper and in turn to threaten our industrial leadership.

The competitiveness of America's industrial base is an issue bigger than the Department of Defense and is going to require the efforts of the major institutional forces in our society-government, industry, and education. That is not to say that the Defense Department will not be a strong force in the process because we will. But we simply cannot be, nor should we be, looked upon by others as the savior of American industry.

1. Now a nation's political influence depends on \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. the strength of its military forces

b. its ability to compete in industry

c. economic markets

d. both a and b

2. The Soviet Union was not listed as a third-world nation just because of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. its powerful military forces

b. its vast land

c. its industrial competitiveness

d. its contributions to world peace

3. The author indicates that \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is threatening American political power.

a. other countries

b. the declining U. S. industrial base

c. a new standard for measuring power

d. less advanced technology

4. America succeeded in shaping world events over past 40 years probably because of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. its ability to adapt technology

b. its ability to take advantage of the capabilities of its people

c. its ability to compete in the world markets

d. both a and b

5. The purpose of writing this article is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. to draw the readers' attention to a new standard for measuring power

b. to demonstrate American political influence in the world

c. to emphasize that efforts must be made to strengthen the declining U. S. industrial base

d. to show American industrial prowess

15/200答案：dabdc

16/200

Trees should only be pruned when there is a good and clear reason for doing so and, fortunately, the number of such reasons is small. Pruning involves the cutting away of obergrown and unwanted branches, and the inexperienced gardener can be encouraged by the thought that more damage results from doing it unnecessarily than from leaving the tree to grow in its own way.

First, pruning may be done to make sure that trees have a desired shape or size. The object may be to get a tree of the right height, and at the same time to help the growth of small side branches which will thicken its appearance or give it a special shape. Secondly, pruning may be done to make the tree healthier. You may cut diseaed or dead wood, or branches that are rubbing against each other and thus cause wounds. The health of a tree may be encouraged by removing branches that are blocking up the centre and so preventing the free movement of air.

One result of pruning is that an open wound is left on the tree and this provides an easy entry for disease, but itis a wound that will heal. Often there is a race between the healing and the desease as to whether the tree will live or die, so that there is a period when the tree is at risk. It should be the aim of every gardener to reduce which has been pruned smooth and clean, for healing will be slowed down by roughness. You should allow the cut surface to dry for a few hurs and then paint it with one of the substances available from garden shops produced especially for this purpose. Pruning is usually without interference from the leaves and also it is very unlikely that the cuts yu make will bleed. If this does happen, it is, of course, impossible to paint them properly.

1. Pruning should be done to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. make the tree grow taller

b. improve the shape of the tree

c. get rid of the small branches

d. make the small branches thicker

2. Trees become unhealthy if the gardener \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. allows too many branches to grow in the middle

b. does not protect them from wind

c. forces them to grow too quickly

d. damages some of the small side branches

3. Why is a special substance painted on the tree?

a. To make a wound smooth

b. To prevent disease entering a wound

c. To cover a rough surface

d. To help a wound to dry

4. A good gardener prunes a tree \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. at intervals throughout the year

b. as quickly as possible

c. occasionally when necessary

d. regular every winter

5. What was the author's purpose when writing this passage?

a. To give pratical instruction for pruning a tree.

b. To give a general description of pruning

c. To explain how trees develop diseases

d. To discuss different methods of pruning.

16/200答案：babca

17/200

On Thursday afternoon Mrs. Carke, dressed for going out, took her handbag with her money and her key in it, pulled the door behind her to lock it and went to the over 60 s Club. She always went there on Thursdays. It was a nice outing for an old woman who lived alone.

At six o'clock she cane home, let herself in and at once smelt cigarette smoke. Cigarette smoke in her house? How? How? Had someone got in? She checked the back door and the windows. All were locked or fastened, as usual. There was no sign of forced entry.

Over a cup of tea she wondered whether someone might have a key that fitted her front door-"a master key"perhaps. So she stayed at home the following Thursday. Nothing happened. Was anyone watching her movements? On the Thursday after that she went out at her usual time, dressed as usual, but she didn't go to the club. Instead she took a short cut home again, letting herself in through her garden and the back door. She settled down to wait.

It was just after four o'clock when the front door bell rang. Mrs. Clarke was making a cup of tea at the time. The bell rang again, and then she heard her letter-box being pushed open. With the kettle of boiling water in her hand, she moved quietly towards the front door. A long piece of wire appeared through the letter-box, and then a hand. The wire turned and caught around the knob on the door-lock. Mrs. Clarke raised the kettle and poured the water over the hand. There was a shout outside, and the skin seemed to drop off the fingers like a glove. The wire fell to the floor, the hand was pulled back, and Mrs. Clarke heard the sound of running feet.

1. Mrs. Clarke looded forward to Thursday because \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. she worked at a club on the day

b. she said visitors on Thursdays

c. she visited a club on Thursday

d. a special visitor came on Thursday

2. If someone had made a forced entery, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. Mrs. Clarke would have found a broken door or window

b. he or she was still in the house

c. things would have been thown about

d. he or she would have needed a master key

3. On the third Thursday Mrs. Clarke went out \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. because she didn't want to miss the club again

b. to see if the thief was hnging about outside

c. to the club but then changed her mind

d. in an attempt to trick the thief

4. The lock on the front door was one which \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. needed a piece of wire to open it

b. could he opened from inside without a key

c. could't be opened without a key

d. used a knob instead of a key

5. The wire feel to the floor \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. because Mrs. Clarke refused to open the door

b. when the man's glove dropped off

c. because it was too hot to hold

d. because the man justwanted to get away

17/200答案：cadbd

18/200

Many people believe the glare from snow causes snowblindnenss. Yet, dark glasses or not, they find themselves suffering from headaches and watering eyes, and even snowblindness, when exposed to several hours of "snow light".

The United States Army has now determined that glare from snow does not cause snowblindness in troops in a snow-covered country. Rather, a man's eyes frequently find nothing to foucs on in a broad expanse of barren snow-covered terrain. So his gaze continually shifts and jumps back and forth over the entire landscape in search of tsomething to look at. Finding nothing, hour after hour, the eyes never sotp searching and the eyeballs become sore and the eye muscles ache. Nature offsets this irritation by producing more and fluid which covers the eyeball. The fluid coversthe eyeball in increasing quantity until vision blurs, then is obsured, and the result is total, even though temporary, snowblindness.

Experiments led the Army to a simple method of overcoming this problem. Scouts ahead of a main body of troops are trained to shake snow from evergreen bushes, creating a dotted line as they cross completely snow-covered landscape, Even the scouts themselves throw lightweight, dark colored objects ahead on which they too can focus. The men following can then see something. Their gaze is arrested. Their eyes focus on a bush and having found something to see, stop scouring the snow-blanketed lanscape. By focusing their attention on one object at a time, the men can cross the snow without becoming hopelessly snowblind or lost. In this way the problem of crossing a solid white terrain is overcome.

1. To prevent headaches, watering eyes and blindness caused by the glare from snow, dark glasses are \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. indispensible

b. useful

c. ineffective

d. available

2. When the eyes are sore tears are produced to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. clear the vision

b. remedy snowblindness

c. ease the irritation

d. loosen the muscles

3. Snowblindness may be avoided by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. concentrating to the solid white terrain

b. searching for something to look at in snow-covered terrain

c. providing the eyes with something to foucs on

d. covering the eyeballs with fluid

4. The scouts shake snow from evergreen bushes in order to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. bive the men behind something to see

b. beautify the landscape

c. warm themselves in the cold

d. prevent the men behind from losing their way

5. A suitable title for this passage would be \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. snowblindness and how to overcome it

b. natrue's cure for snowblindness

c. soldiers in the snow

d. snow vision

18/200答案：CCCAA

19/200

Water problems in the future will become nore intense and more complex. Our increasing population will tremendously increase urban wastes, primarily sewage. On the other hand, increasing demands for water will decease substantialy the amount of water available for diluting wastes. Rapidly expanding industries which involve more and more complex chemical processes will produce large volumes of liquid wastes, and many of these will contain chemicals which are noxious. To feed our rapidly expanding population, agriculture will have to be intensified. This will involve ever-increasingquantities of agricultural chemicals, From this, it is apparent that drastic steps must be taken immediately to develop corrective measures for the pollution problem.

There are two ways by which this pollution problem can be dwindled. The first relates to the treatment of wastes to decrease their pollution hazard. This involves the processing of solid wastes "prior to" disposal and the treatment of liquid wastes, or efflunets, to permit the reuse of the water or minimize pollution upon final disposal.

A second approach is to develop an economic use for all or a part of the wastes. Farm manure is spread in fields as a nutrient or organic supplement. Effluents from sewage disposal plants are used in some areas both for irrigation and for the nutrients contained. Efflunets from other processing plants may also be used as a supplemental source of water. Many industries, such as meat and poultry processing plants, are currently converting former waste products into marketable byproducts. Other industries are potential eonomic uses for waste products.

1. The purpose of this passage is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. to alert the reader to the dwindling water supply

b. to explain industrial uses of water

c. to acquaint the reader with water pollution problems

d. to demostrate various measures to solve the pollution problem

2. Which of the following points is NOT INCLUDED in the passage?

a. In dustrial development incudes the simplification of complex chemical processes.

b. Diluting wastes needs certain amount of water

c. Demands for water will go up along with the expanding population

d. Intensive cultivation of land requires more and more chemicals

3. The reader can conclued that \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. countries of the world will work together on polution problems

b. byproducts from wastes lead to a more prosperous marketplace

c. science is making great progress on increasing water supplies

d. some industries are now, aking economic use of wastes

4. The author gives substance to the passage through the use of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. interviews with authorities in the field of water controls

b. opinions and personal observations

c. definitions which clarify important terms

d. strong arguments and persuasions

5. The words "prior to"(para.2) probably mean \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. after

b. during

c. before

d. beyond

19/200答案: cadbc

20/200

One of the qualities that most people admire in others is the willingness to admit one's mistakes. It is extremely hard sometimes to say a simple thing like "I was wrong about that,"and it is even harder to say,"I was wrong, and you were right about that."

I had an experience recently with someone admitting to me that he had made a mistake fifteen years ago. He told me he had been the manager of a certain grocery store in the neighbourhood where I grew up, and he asked me if I remembered the egg cartons. Then he related an incident and Ibegan to remember vaguely the incident he was describing.

I was about eight years old at the time, and I had gome into the store with may mother to do the weekly grocery shopping. On that particular day, I must have found my way to the dairy food department where the incident tood place.

There must have been a special sale on eggs that day because there was an impressive display of eggs indozen and half-dozen cartons. The cartons were stacked three or four feet high. I must have stopped in front of a display to admire the stacks. Just then a woman came by pushing her grocery cart and knocked off the stacks of cartons. For some reason, I decided it was up to me to put the display back together, so I want to work.

The manager heard the moise and came rushing over to see what had happened. When he appeared, I was on my knees inspecting some of the cartons to see if any of the eggs were broken, but to him it looked as though I was the culprit. He severely reprimanded me and wanted me to pay for any broken eggs. I protested my innocence and tried to explain, but it did no good. Even though I quickly forgot all about the incident, apparently the manager did not.

1. How old was the author when he wrote this article?

a. about 8

b. about 18

c. about 23

d. about 15

2. Who was to blame for knocking off the stacks of cartons?

a. The author

b. The manager

c. A woman

d. The author's mother

3. Which of the following statements is not true?

a. The woman who knocked off the stacks of cartons was seriously criticized by the mananger

b. The author was severely critizized by the manager.

c. A woman carelessly knocked off the stacks of cartons

d. It was the author who put the display back together

4. Which of the following can serve as the best title for the passage?

a. Its Harder to Admit One's Mistake

b. I was once the culprit

c. I remember an incident

d. A case of mistaken identity

5. The tone of the article expresses the author's \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. admiration for the manager's willingness to admit mistakes

b. anger to the manager for his wrong accusation

c. indignation against the woman who knocked off the stacks of cartons

d. reget for the mistake the made in the store

20/200答案：ccada

21/200

Flying over a desert area in an airplane, two scientists looked down with trained eyes at trees and bushes. After an hour's flight one of the scientists wrote in his book, 'Look here for probable metal' Scientists in another airplane, flying over a mountain region, sent a message to other scientists on the ground,'Gold possible.' Walking across hilly ground, four scientists reported,'This ground should be searched for metals.' From an airplane over a hilly wasteland a scientist sent back by radio one word,'Uranium'.

None of the scientists had X-ray eyes: they had no magic powers for looking down below the earth's surface. They were merely putting to use one of the newest methods of location minerals in the ground - using trees and plants as signs that certain minerals may lie beneath the ground on which the trees and plants are growing.

This newest method of searching for minerals is based on the fact that minerals deep in the earth may affect the kind of bushes and trees that grow on the surface.

At Watson Bar Creek, a brook six thousand feet high in the mountains of British Columbia, Canada, a mineral search group gathered bags of tree seeds. Boxed were filled with small banches from te trees. Roots were dug and put into boxes. Each bag and box was carefully marked. In a scientific laboratory the parts of the forest trees were burned to ashes and tested. Each small part was examined to learn whether there were minerals in it.

Study of the roots, branches, and seeds showed no silver. But there were small amounts of gold in the roots and a little less gold in the branches and seeds. The seeds growing nearest to the tree trunk had more gold than those growing on the ends of the branches.

If the trees had not indicated that there was gold in the ground, the scientists would not have spent money to pay for digging into the deeper. They did dig and found more fold below. They dug deeper. They found large quantities of gold.

1. Scientists were flying over a desert or hilly wasteland or a mountain region in order to search for \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ in the ground.

a. gold

b. silver

c. metals

d. minerals

2. The study of trees, branches and roots indicates that \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. there were larger amounts of gold in the branches than in the seeds.

b. there were small amounts of gold in the roots than in the branches

c. there were larger amounts of gold in the seeds growing nearest to the tree trunk than seeds growing on the ends of branches.

d. there were more gold in the branches than in the roots

3. Which is the best title?

a. Scientists searching for metals with sepcial power

b. New methods of searching for minerals

c. Gold could be found by trees and plants

d. A new method of searching for minerals - using trees and plants

4. Which of the following is not mentioned as part of a tree that can help find minerals?

a. leaves

b. roots

c. branches

d. seeds

5. The scientists were searching for minerals by using \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. X-ray

b. magic power

c. a special instrument

d. trained eyes

21/200答案：dcdad

22/200

In the United States, it is not customary to telephone somenone very early in the morning. If you telephone him early in the day, while he is shaving or having breakfast, the time of the call shows that the matter is very important and requires immediate attention. The same meaning is attached to telephone calls made after 11:00 p. m.. If someone receives a call during sleeping hours, he assumes it's a matter of life or death. The time chosen for the call communicates its importance.

In social life, time plays a very important part. In the U. S. A. guests tend to feel they are not highly regarded if the invitation to a dinner party is extended only three or four days before the party date. But it is not true in all countries. In other areas of the world, it may be considered foolish to make an appointment too far in advance because plans which are made for a date more than a week away tend to be forgotten. The meaning of thime differs in different parts of the world. Thus, misunderstandings arise between peopel from cultures that treat time differently. Promptness is *value*d highly in American life, for edample. If people are not prompt, they may be regarded as impolite or not fully responsible. In the U. S. no noe would think of keeping a business associate waiting for an hour, it would be too impolite. A person who is 5 minutes late, he will say a few words of explanation, though perhaps he will not complete the sentence.

1."The same meaning is attached to telephone calls made after 11:00 p. m.."Here" attached" means \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

a. taken

b. drawn

c. given

d. shown

2. Supposing one wants to make a telephone call at dawn, this would mean \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. the matter is important

b. the matter is somewhat important

c. the matter requires immediate attention

d. it is a matter of life and death

3. According to this passage, time plays an important role in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. everyday life

b. shool life

c. communications

d. private life

4. The best title for this passage is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. the voices of time

b. the importance of time

c. the importance of an ammouncement

d. time and tide wait for no man

5. According to the passage, the author of the article may agree to which of the following statements?

a. It is appropriate to send your invitation cards three or four days before a dinner party date in U. S. A.

b. It may be appropriate to send your invitation to your guests three or four days before a dinner party date in some cultures.

c. It is best for one to make telephone calls at night because it costs much less.

d. If one is less than 5 minutes late, he has to make a short apology.

22/200答案：cdcab

23/200

Liberia, the oldest independent Negro state in West A frica, has been struggling for survial ever since its foundation in 1822. Progress has been hampered by constant hostility between the American Negroes whose families returned there in the early 19th century, and the West Africans whose ancestors never left the continent. Though the two groups are of the same race, they are divided by language and outlook and regard each other with deep suspicion creating a conflict which was not foreseen by Liberia's founders.

In addition, neighboring states, native tribel, disease, and poverty have made life dangerous and difficult. The government has tried desperately, through loans and a trickle of trade, to make ends meet. Anxiety about financial matters lessened somewhat when, in 1910, the United States accepted responsibility for Liberia's sruvival. However, not until Harvey Firestone, the American rubber king, decided that the United States must produce itsown rubber - with Liberia as the site of the rubber plantations - did liberia have much hope of paying its debts and balancing its budget.

The rubber industry, founded in the 1920's, and the activity that followed it brought both progerss and profit to Liberia. Before that time Liberia had no roads, no mechanical transport and no good port; its people had little education and few tools. Liberians feel that the country is being ruled by rubber. For this reason, the recent discovery of iron ore is important. Liberian leaders are trying to moderate the power of the ruvver industry and to estaglish the country's political and economic independence.

1. Liberia has been in idffculty since its independence mainly because \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. the american negroes do not want to help the country.

b. there have been constant hostillity and suspicion between different tribes in the country.

c. there haven been constant hostility and suspicion between two groups of the same tride.

d. the goverment has adoped a wrong policy

2."The government has tried desperately, through loans and a trickle of trade, to make ends meet."to make ends meet" means \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. the goverment has to borrow money from others

b. the goverment has to lend money to others

c. the goverment doesn't have to borrow or lend money

d. the goverment has either to borrow or to lend money

3. The country's finance began to improve a bit in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a.1822

b.1910

c.1920

d.1920's

4. The Liberians's attitude on to improve a bit in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. a total agreement

b. a total disagreement

c. a hostility

d. not a total agreement

5. The best title for this passage is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. American Negroes in West Africa

b. liberia - a poor country

c. liberia and its development

d. liberia - a country with rich rubber and iron

23/200答案：ccbdc

24/200

The accuracy of cientific observations and calculations is always at the mercy of the scientist's timekeeping methods. For this reason, scientists are interested in devices that give promise of more precise timekeeping.

In their search for precision, scientists have turned to atomic clocks that depend on various vibrating atoms or molecules to supply their "ticking". This is possible because each kind of atom or molecule has its own characteristic rate of vibration. The nitrogen atom in ammonia, for example, vibrates or"ticks" 24 billion times a second.

One such atomic clock is so accurate that it will probaly lose no more than a second in 3000 years. It will be of great improtance in fields such as astronomical is a sesium atom that vibrates 9.2 billion times a second when heated to the temperature of boiling water.

An atomic clock that operates with an ammonia molecue may be used to check the accuracy of predictions based on Einstein's relativity theories, according to which a clock in motion and a clock at rest should keep time differently. Placed in an orbiting satellite moving at a speed of 18000 miles an hour, the clock could broadcast its time readings to a ground station, where they would be compared with the readings on a similar model. Whatever differences develop would be checked against the differences predicted.

1. Scientists expect that the atomic clocks will be \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. more precise

b. absolutely accurate

c. more durable

d. indestructible

2. The heart of the atomichron is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. acesium atom

b. an ammonia molecule

c. a nitrogen atom

d. a hydrogen

3. From theselection, we may assume that temperature changes \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. affect only ammonia molecules

b. may affect the vibration rate of atoms

c. affect the speed at which atoms travel

d. do not affect atoms in any way

4. Identical atomic clocks may be used to check \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. the effect of outer space on an atomic clock

b. the actual speed of an orbiting satelite

c. the accuacy of predictions based on theories of relativity

d. all of Einstein's theories

5. Implied but not stated: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. Precise timekeeping is essential in science

b. Scientists expect to disprove Einstein's relativity theories

c. Atomic clocks will be important in space flight

d. The rate of vibration of an atom never varies

24/200答案: aabcc

25/200

Kite flying is the sport of sending up into the air, by means of the wind, a light frame covered with paper, plastic or cloth. The frame can be one of many different shapes and is attached to a long string held in the hand or wound on a drum. Kites have a long history of practical application and many different types of kite have been debeloped to serve various purposes.

The ancient Chinese used bird-kites to carry ropes across rivers and valleys. The current folding kite which will dive excitingly is an improved type of such a kite. With its long flat body and single pair of bird-like wings, it looks just like a large bird in the air. The modern version is usually made of tissue-paper rather than the traditional silk.

Man-lifting kites were developed in ancient times, again by the Chinese, for getting information from walled cities and army camps. In fact, as recently as world 2, German U-boats flew kites from their towers to lift people into the air to watch the land. These kites, which are no longer in existence, were made of light-weight cloth. They were much larger and stronger than the Chinese ones. Their design, however, was simply that of the cutter kite. Smaller in size, this type of kite is still very popular as a toy for children, being easy to make with a diamond-shaped frame, no wings and brown-paper covering.

Box-kites are another type of kite found in toy shops today. The first box-kite, named for its box-like body, was developed in the nineteenth century to test theories of flight and this type of cotton-covered kite greatly assisted the success of early aeroplane. These kites are the ancestors of a heavier version of the box-kite, which consists of two main sections, placed side by side. Developed for the peacetime purpose of fishing in strong sea wind, it is the only modern kite described which has practical *value*. A long-lasting plastic material has to be used for this kite, which carries fishing lines.

1. The ancient Chinese bird-kites were usually made of light frames covered with \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. silk

b. paper

c. cloth

d. plastic

2. The kites used by German U-boats in would war 2 for the military purpose were made of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. brown paper

b. plastic material

c. light-weight cloth

d. traditional silk

3. The ancient Chinese man-lifting kites were used \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. to carry ropes across rivers and valleys

b. for the military purpose

c. as toy for children

d. for fishing in strong sea wind

4. Which of the following statements is not ture?

a. The frame of a kite is attached to long string held in the hand or wound on drum.

b. The ancestor of the double box-kite.

c. The cutter kite has a diamond-shaped body but no wings.

d. The current folding kite is developed to test theories of flight.

5. The best title for this passage may be \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. The ancestors of modern kites

b. The history of the chinese kites

c. different types and uses of kites

d. the different between ancient and modern kites.

25/200

答案：acbdc

26/200

Accreditation is a system for setting national standards of quality in education. The United States is unique in the would because its accreditation system is not administered by the government, but rather by committees of educators and private agencies, like the Middle States Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools and the Society of Engineers.

Before registering to study in any educational institution in the U. S., a student should make certain that the institution is accredited in order to assure that the school has a recoginized standard of organization, instruction, and financial support. Foreign students should be particularly careful to check an institution's accreditation because other governments or future employers may not recognize a degree earned from a school that has not recevied accreditation.

If a college is accredited, catalogues and brochures will usually indicate the accreditation status. If you are not sure about a certain school, don't hesitate to check its requtation with an education officer at the nearest U. S. embassy.

1. The word 'unique' in line 2 most nearly means \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. unusual

b. first

c. standard

d. large

2. What school students do in order to check the accreditation of a school that may interest them?

a. Write to the school

b. Write to the U. S. Ministry of Education

c. Register to study at the school

d. Consult a U. S. embassy offical

3. From this passage, it may be concluded that an unaccredited

school \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. does not coffer degree

b. may close because of financial disorganization

c. is administered by the government

d. is better than an accredited school

4. The title that best expresses the ideas in this passage is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. studying in the untied states

b. accreditation

c. how to find the best school

d. the middle states association of colleges and secondary schools

26/200答案：adbb

27/200

Personality is, to large extent, inherent - A-type parents usually bring about A-type offspring. But the environment must also have a profound effect, since if competition is improtant to the parents, it is likely to become a major factor lives of their children.

One place where children soak up A characteristics is school, which is, by its very nature, a highly competitive institution. Too many schools adopt the "win at all costs"moral standard and measure their success by sporting achievements. The current passion for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system, in which competitive A types seem in some way better than thier B-type fellows. Being too keen to win can have dangerous consequences: remember that Pheidippides, the first marathon runner, dropped dead seconds after saying:"Rejoice, we conquer!".

By far the worst form of competition in school is the disproportionate emphasis on examinations. It is a rare school that allows pupils to concentrate on those things they do well. The merits of competition by examination are somewhat questionable, but competition in the certain knowledge of failure is positively harmful.

Obviously, it is neither practical nor desirable that all A youngsters change into 'B's. The would needs types, and schools have an important duty to try to fit a child's personality to his possible future employment. It is top management.

1. Acoording to the author, waht factors contribute to the building of personality?

a. inheritance

b. inheritance, competition and environment

c. competition

d. environment

2. Which of the following statements is not ture according to the author of the passage?

a. Schools usually adopt severe competitive policies.

b. Students are often divided by competition results.

c. School is place where children cultivate their characteristics.

d. The stronger desire for winning, the better.

3. The phrase "soak up" is closest in meaning to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. pull up

b. take up

c. take in

d. pull in

4. What attitude does the author hold toward examinations in schools?

a. positive

b. negative

c. doubtful

d. neutral

5. what suggestion does the author make concerning the management of schools?

a. All students be made into competitive A types.

b. A child's personality be considered in regard to his possible future job.

c. All students be changed into

B. characteristics

d. Schools abolish all forms of examinations.

27/200答案：bdccb

28/200

Asked to name their favorite city, many Amerians would select San Francisco began as a small Spanish outpost located on a magnificent bay. The town was little more than a village serving ranchers when the United States took possession of it in 1846 during the war with Mexico.

San Francisco sprang into a city overnight because of the nearby discovery of gold in 1848. A great rush to California took place. Wagon trains plodded their dangerous way across 2000 miles of prairie and mountains, while hundreds of sailing vessels made the equally hazardous trip around the Horn. The vessels disgorged thousands of passengers - then the crews deserted teir ship and hundreds of vessels were left to rot in the bay. Within two years, California had enough population to become a state and San Francisco was for many years the hub of that newly-arrived population.

The city's present popularity is due to an excellent climate, an easy style of living, good food, and numerous tourist attractions. The city is famous for its cable cars which "clang and bang" up the steep hills, and for its excellent seafood stals along the wharf. Most visitors arriving from nations in the Pacific Basin spend several days getting to know the town.

1. According to this article, who were the first Californians?

a. deserters from sailing ships

b. spanish ranchers

c. gold miners

d. tourists

2. san francisco's appeal includes all of the following factors \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. attractive lifestyle, good seafood, desirable weather

b. tourist attactions, extreme seasons, cable cars

c. wagon trains, gold mining, good climate

d. cable cars, pleasent climate, flat terrain

3. san francisco today is a thriving city because of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. heavy industry

b. governmental headquarters

c. goldmining

d. trade and tourism

4. In waht year did California become an American state?

a.1850

b.1852

c.1846

d.1848

28/200答案: bada

29/200

Most young people enjoy some form of physical activity. It may be walking, cycling or swimming, or in winter, skating or skiing. It may be game of some kind football, hockey, golf, or tennis. It may be mountaineering.

Those who have a passion for climbing high and difficult mountains are often looked upon with astonishment. Why are men and women willing to suffer cold and hardship, and to take risks on high mountains? This astonsihment is caused probably by the difference between mountaineering and other forms of activity to which men give their leisure.

Mountaineering is a sport and not a game. There are no man-made rules, as there are for such games as golf and football. There are, of course, rules of adifferent kind which it would be dangerous to ignore, but it is this freedom from man-made rules that makes mountaineering attractive to many people. Those who climb mountains are free to use their own methods.

If we compare mountaineering and other more familiar sports, we might think that one big difference is that mountaineering is not a 'team game'. We should be mistaken in this. There are, it is true, no 'matches' between 'teams' of climbers, but when climbers are on a rock face linked by a rope on which their lives may depend, there is obviously teamwork.

The mountain climber knows that he may have to fight forces that are stronger and more powerful than man. He has to fight the forces of nature. His sport tequires high mental and physical qualities.

A mountain climber continues to improve in skill year after year. A skier is probably past his best by the age of thirty, and most international tennis champions are in their early twenties. But it is not unusual for man of fifty or sixty to climb the highest mountains in Alps. They may take more time than younger men, but they probably climb with more skill and less waste of effort, and their certianly experience equal enjoyment.

1. Mountaineering involves \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. cold

b. hardship

c. physical risk

d. all of the above

2. The difference between a sport and a game has to do with the kind of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. activity

b. rules

c. uniform

d. participants

3. Mountaineering can be called a team sport because \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. it is an Olympic event

b. teams compete against each other

c. mountaineers depend on other while climbing

d. there are 5 climbers on each team

4. Mountaineers compete against \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. nature

b. each other

c. other teams

d. international standards

5. Choose the best title for the passage \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. mountaineering is different from golf and football

b. mountaineering is more attractive than other sports

c. mountaineering

d. mountain climbers

29/200答案：dbcac

30/200

No one knows exactly how many disabled people there are in the world, but estimates suggest the figure is over 450 million. The number of disabled people in India alone is probably more than double the total population of Canada.

In the united Kingdom, about one in ten people have some disability. Disability is not just something tht happens to other people: as we get older, many of us will become less mobile, hard of hearing or have failing eyesight.

Disablement can take many forms and occur at any time of life. Some people are born with disabilities. Many others become disabled as they get older. There are many progressive disabling diseases. The longer time goes on, the worse they become. Some people are disabled in accidents. Many others may have a period of disability in the form of a mental illness. All are affected by people's attitude towards them.

Disabled people face many physical barriers. Next time you go shopping or to work or visit friends, imagine how you would manage if you could not get up steps, or on to buses and trains. How would you cope if you could not see where you were going or could not hear the traffic? But there are other barriers: prejudice can be even harder to break down and ignorance inevitably represents by far the greatest barrier of all. It is almost impossible for the able-bodied to fuly appreciate what the severely disabled go through, so it is important to draw attention to these barriers and show that it is the individual person and their ability, not their disability, which counts.

1. The first paragraph points out that \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. there are many disabled people in the world

b. the number of disabled people in India is the greatest

c. India has much more disabled people that Canada

d. it is impossible to get an exact figure of the world's disabled people

2. The key word in paragraph 4 is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

A. disability

b. ignorance

c. prejudice

d. barriers

3. The last word of the passage "counts" most probably means \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. is most important

b. is considered

c. is included

d. is numbered

4. Which of the following statements is not true?

a. even the able-bodied many lose some of their body functions when they get older.

b. there are about 10 percent disabled persons in the UK.

c. the whole society should pay due attention to the barriers faced by the disabled people

d. there still exists prejudice against the disabled which results mainly from ignorance

5. It can be concluded from the passage that \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. we should try our best to prevent disablement

b. both physical and metal barriers are hard to break down

c. we just take a proper attitude towards the disabled

d. the able-bodies people will never fully understand the disabled

30/200答案：adadc

31/200

Courses with the numbers 800 or above are open only to graduate students. Certain courses, generally those devoted to introductory material, are numbered 400 for undergraduate students and 600 for graduate students. Courses designed for students seeking a professional degree carry a 500 number for undergraduate students and a 700 munber for graduate students.

A full-time graduate student is expected to take courses which total ten to sixteen credit hours. Students holding assistantships are expected to enroll for proportionately fewer hours. A part-time graduate student must register for a minimun of five credit hours.

1. In order to be eligible to enroll in Mechanical Engineering 850, a student must be \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. a graduate student

b. a part-time student

c. a full-time student

d. an undergraduate student

2. If an undergraduate student uses the number 520 to register for an accounting course, what number would a graduate student probably use to register for the same course?

a. accounting 520

b. accounting 620

c. accounting 720

d. accounting 820

3. A student who register for eight credit hours is a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. full-time student

b. graduate student

c. part-time student

d. non-degree student

4. A graduate student may not \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

a. enroll in a course numbered 610

b. register for only one three-hour course

c. register for courses if he has an assistantship

d. enroll in an introductory course

31/200答案：accb

32/200

Byrne turned the key in the heavy lock and put it calmly in his pocket. He did so much more from caution than from any kind of fear. This was the only entrance to the house, and he did not mean to be caught unawares by any danger from outside. He wondered if Tom Corbin had been as cautious the night before. Though Tom would be away for at least three days, Byrne had a strange feeling of his nearness. In the stillness he seemed to hear Tom's voice. He looked round quickly, for the tricks of hearing are the most realistic of all. But there were only the women. It seemed impossible that Tom should not be there.

The girl, carrying a smoky oil lamp, led Byrne upstairs. He threw open one after another the doors along the passage. At this, the girl stopped and raised the lamp in each doorway, staring at him meanwhile. Satisfied he was the only guest, Byrne came to the last door, which the girl threw open herself.

"You sleep here, sir"she said, giving him the lamp."Your friend slept here too. It's our most comfortable bed."

"Good night, miss," he said politely.

Her lips moved in reply, but he did not catch the words. Her eyes never for a moment left his face. He stepped in, and as he turned to close the door she was still standing there motionless. He paused, and in the silence he thought he again heard the sound of Tom's voice. The sound ferrified him now, not only because it seemed much nearer but also because he imagined a note of warning in it.

1. Why did Byrne take the key with him?

a. to let Tom in, when he turned.

b. because he was afraid of what was going to happen

c. to stop any enemy being let into the house

d. because he did not want the women to escape

2. We know from the passage that Tom Corbin \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. had left the house three days befor

b. had left quite as suspicious as Byrne was

c. has stayed in the house for three days.

d. had slept in the house the night before

3. Byrne was surprised when he turned round because \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. Tom was not in the room

b. he had not expected to find Tom there

c. there was no danger behind him

d. the women were there

4. Why did Byrne look inside each room?

a. he wanted to choose the best room for himself

b. he was looking for tom corbin

c. the girl wanted him to examine each of the rooms.

d. he wished to make sure there was no one inside

5. Although Byrne politely wished the girl good night \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. she gave him a rude answer

b. she did not leave him

c. she refused to look at him

d. she said nothing to him

6. What made Byrne very frighteded?

a. the strangeness of the place

b. being along, at the end of the passage

c. the sound he thought he heard

d. the danger out side

33/200

Passage 65

There is evidence that the usual variety of high blood pressure is, in part, a familiar disease. Since families have similar genes as well as similar environments, familiar diseases could be due to shared genetic influences, to shared environmental factors, or to both. For some years, the role of one environmental factor commonly shared by families, namely dietary salt (i. e., sodium chloride), has been studied at Brookhaven National Laboratory. These studies suggest that chromic excess salt ingestion can lead to high blood pressure in man and animals. Some individuals, however, and some rats consume large amounts of salt without developing high blood pressure. No matter how strictly all environmental factors were controlled in these experiments, some salt-fed animals never developed hypertension whereas a few rapidly developed very severe hypertension followed by early death. These marked variations were interpreted to result from differences in genetic constitution.

By mating is successive generations only those animals that failed to develop hypertension from salt ingestion, a resistant strain (the "R"Strain) has been evolved in which consumption of large quantities of salt fails to influence the blood pressure significantly. In contrast, by mating only animals that quickly develop hypertension from salt, a sensitive strain ("S" strain) has also been developed.

The availability of these tow strains permits investgations not heretofore possible. They provide a plausible laboratory model on which to investigate some clinical aspects of the human prototypes of hypertension. More important, there might be the possibility of developing methods by which genetic susceptibility of human beings to high blood pressure can be defined without waiting for its appearance. Radioactive sodium 22 was an important "tool" in working out the characteristics of the sodium chloride metabolism.

1. The study of the effects of salt on high blood pressure was carried out \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. as members of the same family tend to use similar amounts of salt

b. to explore the long-term use of a sodium based substance

c. because it was proven that salt caused high blood pressure

d. because of the availability of chemically pure salt and its derivatives

2. The main difference between "S"and"R" rats is their \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. need for sodium 22

b. rate of mating

c. reaction to salt

d. type of blood

3. We can infer from the article that sodium 22 can de used to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. control high blood pressure

b. cure high blood pressure caused by salt

c. tell the "S"rats from the"R" rats

d. determine what a sodium chloride metabolism is like

4. The most beneficial results of the research might be \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. development of diets free of salt

b. an early cure for high blood pressure

c. control of genetic agents that cause high blood pressure

d. the early identification of potential high blood pressure victims

5. Which of the statements best relates the main idea of this article?

a. When salt is added rats and human beings react similarly.

b. The near future will see a cure for high blood pressure.

c. The medical field is desperately in need of research.

d. A tendency toward high blood pressure may be a hereditary factor.

33/200

Passage 65答案：acddd

34/200

Passage 66

"Culture shock"occurs as result of total immersion in a new culture. It happens to"people who have been suddenly transplanted abroad."Newcomers may be anxious because they do not speak the language, know the customs, or understand people's behavior in daily life. The visitor finds that"yes"may not always mean"yes", that friendliness does not necessarily mean friendship, or that statements that appear to be serious are really intended as jokes. The foreigner may be unsure as to when to shake hands, when to start conversations, or how to approach a stranger. The notion of"culture shock" helps explain feelings of bewilderment and disorientation. Language problems do not account for all the frustrations that people feel. When one is deprived of everything that was once familiar, such as understanding a transportation system, knowing how to register for university classes, or knowing how to make friends, difficulties in coping whth the new society may arise.

"... when an individual enters a strange culture, he or she is like fish out of water."Newcomers feel at times that they do not belong to and feel alienated from the native members of the culture. When this happens visitors may want to reject everything about the new environment and may glorify and exaggerate the positive aspects of their own culture. Conversely visitors may scorn their native country by rejecting its values and instead choosing to identify with (if only temporatily) the value of the new country. This may occur as an attempt to over-identify with the new culture in order to be accepted by the people in it.

1. The expression "he or she is like fish out of water"suggests \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. people away from their cultures can hardly survive in a new culture

b. a fish can not survive without water

c. people away from their culture experience mental isolation

d. people away from their culture have difficulties in new environment

2. In order to identify with the new environment, some people may \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. give an exaggerated picture of their own country

b. criticize the positive aspects of their own county

c. abandon their original beliefs

d. accept a temporary set of values

3. Which of the following statements is true according to the author?

a. Perplexity results in culture shock.

b. A typical symptom of cultur shock is confusion.

c. Culture shock is the explanation of anxiety.

d. Culture shock happens to foreign students only.

4. Newcomer may worry about \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. their ignorance of the alien customs

b. their knowledge of "Yes" in the native language

c. their understanding of friendship

d. their control of their behavior

5. When the foreign visitor is immersed in new problems he finds hard to cope whith, he is most likely to feel \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. uninsured

b. deprived

c. alienated

d. baffled

32/200答案：cdadbc

35/200

Passage 7

Social change is more likely to occur in societies where there is a mixture of different kinds of people than in societies where people are similar in many ways. The simple reason for this is that there are more different ways of looking at things present in the first kind of society. There are more ideas, more disagreements in interest, and more groups and organizations with different beliefs. In addition, there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance in mixed societies. All these factors tend to promote social change by opening more areas of life to decision. In a society where people are quite similar in many ways, there are fewer occasions for people to see the need or the opportunity for change because everything seems to be the same. And although conditions may not be satisfactory, they are at least customary and undisputed.

Within a society, social change is also likely to occur more frequently and more readily in the material aspects of the culture than in the non-material, for example, in technology rather than in values; in what has been learned later in life rather than what was learned early; in the less basic and less emotional aspects of society than in their opposites; in the simple elements rather than in the complex ones; in form rather than in substance; and in elements that are acceptable to the culture rather than in strange elements.

Furthermore, social change is easier if it is gradual. For example, it comes more readily in human relations on a continuous scale rather than one with sharp dichotomies. This is one reason why change has not come more quickly to Black Americans as compared to other American minorities, because of the sharp difference in appearance between them and their white counterparts.

1. The passage is mainly discussing \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. the necessity of social change

b. certain factors that determine the ease with which social changes occur

c. two different societies

d. certain factors that promote social change

2. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is one of the factors that tend to promote social change.

a. Joint interest

b. Different points of view

c. Less emotional people

d. Advanced technology

3. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?

a. Social change tends to meet with more difficulty in basic and emotional aspects of society.

b. Disagreement with and argument about conditions tend to slow down social change.

c. Social change is more likely to occur in the material aspect of society.

d. Social change is less likely to occur in what people learned when they were young.

4. The expression "greater tolerance"(paragraph 1) refers to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a."greater willingness to accept social change"

b."quicker adaptation to changing circumstances"

c."more respect for different beliefs and behavior"

d."geeater readiness to agree to different opinions and ideas"

5. Social change is less likely to occur in a society where people are quite similar in many ways because \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. people there have got so accustomed to their conditions that they seldom think it necessary to change

b. people there have identical needs that can be satisfied without much difficulty

c. people there are easy to please

d. people there are less disputed

35/200答案：bbbca

36/200

passage 8

The Colonel ask Ashenden a good many questions and then suggested that he had particular qualifications for the Secret Service. Ashenden knew several European languages and the fact that he was a writer provided excellent cover: on the pretext that he was writing a book he could, without attracting attention, visit any neutral country.

It was while they were discussing this point that the Colonel said,"You know you might get material that would be very useful to you in your work. I'll tell you an incident that occurred only recently. Very dramatic. A foreign government minister went down to a Mediterranean resort to fecover from a cold and he had some very important documents with him that he kept in a despatchcase.

"A day or two after he arrived, he picked up a blonde at some restaurant or other, and he got very friendly with her. He took her back to his hotel, and when he came to himself in the morning the lady and the despatch-case had disappeared. They had one or two drinks up in his room and his theory is that when his back was turned the woman slipped a drug in his glass."

"Do you mean to say that happened the other day?"said Ashenden wearily.

"The week before last."

"Impossible,"cried Ashenden."Why, we've been putting that incident on the stage for sixty years, we've written it in a thousand novels. Do you mean to say that life has only just caught up with us?"

"Well, I can vouch for the truth of the story."said the Colonel,"And believe me, the government concerned has been put to no end of trouble by the loss of the documents."

"Well sir, if you can't do better than that in the Secret Service,"sighed Ashenden,"that I'm afraid that as a source of inspiration to the writer of fiction, it's washout."

1. How did the Colonel suggest that Ashenden's being a writer would relate to his work as a spy?

a. It would make travelling abroad more possible.

b. It would make it easier for him to meet people.

c. It would enable him to avoid arousing suspicion.

d. It would enable him to use the languages he knew.

2. The reason for the Minister's trip was \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. to fetch some documents

b. to get over an illness

c. to meet a spy

d. to deliver some papers

3. According to the Colonel the incident happened \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. a few days before

b. a few weeks before

c. two weeks before

d. sixty years before

4. Ashenden cried 'Impossible' after hearing the Colonel's story because he thought \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. it could not possibly happen

b. it was too embarrassing

c. it was too close to fiction

d. it was too recent

5. The effect of the loss of documents on the foreign government was that \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. it put an end to one source of trouble

b. it caused them a lot of inconvenience

c. they merely denied it had happened

d. they refused to believe it

36/200 passage 8答案：cbccd

37/200

Passage 67

The United States is a federal union of 50 states. The capital of national government is in Washington, D. C.(District of Columbia). The federal constitution sets up the structures of the national government and lists its powers and activities. The constitution gives Congress the authority to make laws which are necessary for the common defense and the good of the nation. It also gives the federal government the power to deal with national and international problems that involve more than one state. All powers that are not given to the federal government by the constitution are the responsibility of the individual states.

The federal government has three branches - the executive, the legislative, and the judicial. The legislative brandch makes the laws, executive branch carries out the laws, and judicial branch interprets the laws. The President heads the executive branch and the Supreme Court heads the judicial branch. The legislative branch includes both houses of Congress - the Senate and the House of Reprsentatives. The constitution limits the powers of each branch and prevents one branch from gaining too much power. For example, Congress can pass a Law the President may sign it. Nevertheless, the Supreme Court can declare the law unconstitutional and nullify it.

All government in the United States is "of the people, by the people and for the people". The people elect the President and the members of Congress. However, the President appoints the heads of federal departments and the Supreme Court judges. Every citizen votes in secret. Consequently, no one knows for whom and indevidual votes. The people believe that their government should provide a frameword and order within which they are left free to run their own lives.

1. Who makes the laws?

a. The Congress.

b. The Federal government.

c. The President.

d. The supreme Court.

2. The capital of the United States lies in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. the state of the COlumbia

b. none of the fifty states

c. the state of New York

d. the state of Washington

3. Based on what you can know from the passage, which of the following statements is true?

a. The heads of federal departments are elected by the people.

b. The President sets up the structures of the federal government.

c. The judicial branch has the authority to explain the laws.

d. The constitution gives all powers to the federal government.

4. The constitution limits the powers of each branch of the federal government because \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. the U. S. has fifty states

b. the individual states have their own governments

c. the federal government has three branches

d. any one branch should not have too much power

5. The main point of this passage is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. the three branches of the U. S. government

b. American government

c. the Federal Consititution

D. the people should be left free to run their own lives

37/200 Passage 67答案：abcdb

38/200

Passage 69

40. Years ago the idea of disabled people doing sport was never heard of. But when the annual games for the disabled were started at Stoke Mandeville, England in 1984 by Sir Ludwig Guttmann, the situation began to change.

Sir Ludwig Guttmann, who had been driven to England in 1939 from Nazi Gernamy, had been asked by the British government to set up an injuries centre at Stoke Mandeville Hospital near London. His ideas about treating injuries included sport for the disabled.

In the first games just tow teams of injured soldiers took part. The next year,1949, five teams took part. From those beginnings, things have developed fast. Teams now come from abroad to Stoke Mandeville every year. In 1960 the first Olympics for the Disabled were held in Rome, in the same place as the normal Olympic Games, although they are organized separately. In other years Games for the Disabled are still held at Stoke Mandeville. In the 1984 wheelchair Olympic Games,1064 wheelchair athletes from about 40 countries took part. Unfortunately, they were held at Stoke Mandeville and not in Los Angeles, along with the other Olympics.

The Games have been a great success in promoting international friendshiop and understanding, and in proving that being disabled does not mean you can't enjoy sport. One small source of disappointment for those who organize and take part in the games, however, has been the unwillingness of the International Olympic Committee to include disabled events at the Olympic Games for the able-bodied. Perhaps a few more years are still needed to convince those fortunate enough not to be disabled that their disabled fellow athlets should not be excluded.

1. The first games for the desabled were held \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ after Sir Ludwig Guttmann arrived in England.

a.40 years

b.21 years

c.10 years

d.9 years

2. Besides Stoke Mandeville, surely the games for the disabled were once held in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. New York

b. London

c. Rome

d. Los Angeles

3. In Paragraph 3, the word "athletes" means \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. people who support the games

b. people who watch the games

c. people who organize the games

d. people who compete in the games

4. Which of the following statements in NOT true?

a. Sir Ludwig Guttmann is an early organizer of the games for the disabled.

b. Sir Ludwig Guttmann is an injured soldier.

c. Sir Ludwig Guttmann is from Germany.

d. Sir Ludwig Guttmann is welcomed by the British government.

5. From the passage, we may conclude that the writer is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. one of the organizers of the games for the disabled

b. a disabled person who once took part in the games

c. against holding the games for the disabled

d. in favour of holding the games for the disabled

36/200答案：cbccb

39/200

passage 9

Anne Whitney, a sophomore at Colorado State University, first had a problem taking tests when she began college."I was always well prepared for my tests. Sometimes I studied for weeks before a test. Yet I would go in to take the test, only to find I could not answer the questions correctly. I would blank out because of nervousness and fear. I couldn't think of the answer. My low grades on the tests did not show what I knew to the teacher."Another student in microbiology and similar experiences. He said,"My first chemistry test was very difficult. Then, on the second test, I sat down to take it, and I was so nervous that I was shaking. My hands were moving up and down so quickly that it was hard to hold my pencil. I knew the materical and I knew the answers. Yet I couldn't even writen them down!"

These two young students were experiencing something called test anxiety. Because a student worries and it uneasy about a test, his or her mind does not work as well as it usually does. The student can't write or think clearly because of the extreme tension and nervousness. Although poor grades are often a result of poor study habits, sometimes test anxiety causes the low grades. Recently, test anxiety had been recognized as a real problem, not just an excuse or a false explanation of lazy students.

Special university counseling courses try to help students. In these courses, counselors try to help students by teaching them how to manage test anxiety. At some universities, students take tests to measure their anxiety. If the tests show their anxiety is high, the students can take short courses to help them deal with their tension. These courses teach students how to relax their bodies. Students are trained to become calm in bery tense situations. By controlling their nervousness, they can let their minds work at ease. Learned information then comes out without difficulty on a test.

An expert at the University of California explains."With almost all students, relaxation and less stress are felt after taking out program. Most of then experience better control during their tests. Almost all have some improvement. With some, the improvement is very great."

1. To "blank out" is probably \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. to be like a blanket

b. to be sure of an answer

c. to be unable to think clearly

d. to show knowledge to the teacher

2. Poor grades are usually the result of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. poor hygienic habits

b. laziness

c. lack of sleep

d. inability to form good study habits

3. Test anxiety has been recognized as \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. an excuse for laziness

b. the result of poor habits

c. a real problem

d. something that can't be changed

4. To deal with this problem, students say they want to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. take a short course on anxiety

b. read about anxiety

c. be able to manage or understand their anxiety

d. take test to prove they are not anxiety

5. A University of California counselor said \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. all students could overcome the anxiety after taking a special test anxiety program

b. almost all students felt less stress after taking a University of California counseling course

c. students found it difficult to improve even though they had taken a special test anxiety course

d. students found it easy to relax as soon as they extered a University of California counseling course

39/200答案：cdcab

40/200

passage 11

Washington now covers the entire District Columbia. It was first known as National city, and it remains the capital of the USA. The authority to establish a federal district was embodied in the Consitution but the city's lacation resulted from an early political compromise. Originally ten miles square, the District's lands were taken from Virginia and Maryland. In the 1840 s, congress returned Virginia's land and now many governmental buildings are outside the federal district. Until 50 years ago, Washington's population was small - as was the nation's concept of government. Now there are 3 million inhabitants.

George Washington was deeply involved in creating this city. His home, Mount Vernon, was only 25 miles away but during his presidency, the national capital was in New York city. The american government occupied its new capital 1800 and the city was then named in honor of George Washington who had recently died.

Few cities are as impressive or beautiful as washington. It has a great mall with the Capital at one end the Lincoln Memorial at the other. In mid-point is the Washington Monument. The white house is just off the mall.

Washington attracts millions of tourists annually - people who come to see their government in action and to examine the dozens of museums, galleries, parks and buildings. The heaviest tourist invasion is in the spring when the weather is best and when hundreds of cherry trees, a gift from japan, are in bloom.

1. Washington is beautifulo city because \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. its flat terrain allows for easy arrangement of buildings

b. its location is in the center of the nation

c. it has many museums

d. it was carefully planned and has a graceful mall

2. The district of columbia and the city of washington \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. occupy the same real estate

b. hold all of the buildings of the national capital

c. provide homes for all the federal government employees

d. are in lands once belonging to Virginaia

3. Aspringtime visit to washington would be good except for one of these reasons: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. good weather

b. cherry trees in bloom

c. all of the facilities are open

d. too many tourists

4. The land which comprises the present District of Columbia \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. always belonged to the national government

b. until very recently covered land ceded by two states

c. is in area which once belonged entirely to Maryland

d. is strictly limited to governmental operations

5. The location of Washington was selected because \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. of a political compromise between two political parties

b. George Washington did not wish to commute far from Mount Vernon

c. a tidal river nearby made for easy ocean access

d. Virginia wanted to get rid of some land

41/200

Passage 72

Not all long-distance phone calls are made over phone wires. Today, phone wires are being replaced by fiber optics. Fiber optics make telephoning faster and easier than ever before.

In the past, telephone calls were made mostly over copper wires. Copper wires are heavy and bulky. Fiber optics are flexible, glass fibers. They are no thicker than a human hair. A wire cable is as thick as a man's arm. An optical fiber cable is as thick as a thumb.

Fiber optics transfer sound into light. First, a person speaks into a phone. The sound is changed into electrical impulses. A small laser changes the electrical impulses into coded bursts of light. The light is decoded hack into electrical impulses at the telephone recieving station. Finally, the electrical impulses are changed into sounds again at the receiving telephone.

Optical fibers transimit calls much faster than copper wires can. The laser pulses with light as fast as 90 million times a second. At that speed, every word in a dictionary can be sent through a single fiber in a few seconds. Optical fibers also save space. A few fibers can carry more calls than thousands of strands of copper cable.

Optical fibers will be used for video as well as voice communications. And they will prove useful in computer-to-computer hookups. However, it will take years to replace existing wires.

1. Which of the following best expresses the main point of the passage?

a. Fiber optics are flexible, glass fibers.

b. Copper wires have been used in most phone systems.

c. Fiber optics are an improvement in communication systems.

d. A few optical fibers can carry thousands of phone calls.

2. As it is used in the passage, the phrase"fiber optics"(paragraph 1) means \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. transmission of information by means of infra-red light signals aling a thin glass fiber.

b. material or substance formed from a mass of fibers.

c. a flexible fiber-optic instrument that is used to view objects

d. a composite material consisting of glass fibers in resin

3. Which of the following can not be inferred about fiber cables from the passage?

a. They carry light waves.

b. They can be used in many forms of communication.

c. They are better than copper wires.

d. They are shorter than copper wires.

4. You can infer from the passage that a "cable" is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. a group of wires or strands that are bundled together

b. a copper wire that is used to carry phone calls

c. a glass fiber that carrise coded bursts of light

d. a laser that changers electrical impulses into light

5. You can infer from the passage that the word"transmit"(paragraph 4) most nearly means \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. carry from one place to another

b. pulse with light

c. operate quickly

d. speak

41/200 Passage 72答案：cadaa

42/200

Passage 74

In October 1987, the National Board for Professional Teaching Standards began its word to set new standards of accomplichment for the teaching profession and to improve the quality of education available to all children in the United States.

Teachers are committed to students and their learning. They must act on the belief that all students can learn. They must recognize individual differences in their students and adjust their practice accordingly. They must know that their mission extends beyond developing the cognitive capcity of their students. They must be concerned with their students' self-concept, with their motivation, and with the development of character.

Teacher must know the subjects they teach and how to teach them. They must command sepecialized knowledge of how to convey a subject to sudents. Teachers are responsible for managing and monitoring student learning. They must call on multiple methods to meet their goals, knowing and being able to employ a variety of instructional skills. Teachers must think systematically about their practice and learn from experience, seeking the advice of others and drawing on education research and scholarship to improve their practice.

As members of learning communities, teachers contribute to school effectiveness by collaborating with other professionals. They take advantage of community resources, cultivation knowledge of their school's community as a powerful resource for learning.

1."Teachers are committed to students and their learning."The sentence means that \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. teachers should meet all the demands of students

b. teachers should set verry high demands on students

c. teachers should be very kind to students

d. teachers must be responsible for students and their leaning

2. According to the author, if a student performs poorly at school, it may be the duty of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. society

b. teachers

c. parents

d. other students

3. Teachers' task should go beyond developing the learning ability of students and they should \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. know he subjects they teach

b. transmit valued knowledge

c. respect their students, know about their interests and develop their character

d. seek the advice of others

4. School effectiveness mainly depends on \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. teachers who work together

b. Students

c. teaching materials

d. school leaders

5. The best title for this passage is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. How to Manage Student Learning

b. Learning from Experience

c. Relations Between Teachers and Students

d. Toward High Standards for Teachers

40/200答案：dadca

43/200

passage 21

In the early days of nuclear power, the united states made money on it. But today opponents have so complicated its development that no nuclear plants have been ordered or built here in 12 years.

The greatest fear of nuclear power opponents has always been a reactor "meltdown". Today, the chances of a meltdown that would threaten U. S. public health are very little. But to even further reduce the possibility, engineers are testing new reactors that rely not on human judgment to shut them down but on the laws of nature. Now General Electric is already building two advanced reactors in Japan. But don't expect them even on U. S. shores unless things change in Washington.

The procedure for licensing nuclear power plants is a bad dream. Any time during, or even after, construction, an objection by any group or individual can bring everything to a halt while the matter is investigated or taken to court. Meanwhile, the builder must add nice-but-necesary improvements, some of which force him to knock down walls and start over. In every case when a plant has been opposed, the Nuclear Regulation Commission has ultimately granted a license to construct ends up abandoning the plant anyway.

A case in point is the Shoreham plant on New York's Long Island. Shoreham was a virtual twin to the Millstone plant in Connecticet, both ordered in the mid-60 s'. Millstone, complete for ＄101 million, has been generating electricity for two decades. Shoreham, however, was singled out by antinulear activists who, by sending in endless protests, drove the cost ＄5 billion and delayed its use for many years.

Shoreham finally won its operation license. But the plant has never produced a watt power. Governor Mario Cuomo, an opponent of a Shoreham start-up, used his power to force New York's publicutilities commission to accept the following settlement: the power company could pass the cost of Shoreham along to its consumers only if it agreed not to operate the plant. Today, a perfectly good facility, capable of servicing hundreds of thousands of homes, sits rusting.

1. The author's attitude towards the development of nuclear power it \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. negative

b. neutral

c. positive

d. questioning

2. What has made the procedure for licensing nuclear power plants a bad dream?

a. The inefficiency of the nuclear regulation commission

b. The enormous cost of comstruction and operation

c. The length of time it takes to make investigation.

d. The objection of the opponents of nuclear power.

3. It can be inferred from paragraph 2 that \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. there are not enough safety measures in the u. s for running new nuclear power plants.

b. it is not technical difficulties that prevent the building of nuclear power plants in the u. s.

c. there are already more nuclear power plants than necessary in the U. S.

d. the American government will not allow Japanese nuclear reactors to be installed in the u. s.

4. Governor Mario Cuomo's chief intention in porposing the settlement was to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. stop the Shoreham plant from going into operation

b. urge the Shoreham company to further increase its power supply

c. permit the Shoreham plant to operation under certain conditions

d. help the power company to solve its financial porblems

补32/200答案：cdadbc

43/200答案: cdba

44/200

passage 29

Very old people do raise moral problems for almost everyone who comes in contact with them. Their values-this can't be repeated too often-are not necessarily our values. Physical comfort, cleanness and order not necessarily the most important things. The social services from time to time find themselves faced with a flat with decaying food covered by small worms, and an old person lying alone in bed, taking no notice of the worms. But is it interfering with personal freedom to insist that they go to live with some of their relatives so that they might be taken better care of? Some social workers, the ones who clear up the worms, think we are in danger of carrying this concept of personal freedom to the point where serious risks are being taken with the health and safety of the old.

Indeed, the old can be easily hurt or harmed. The body is like a car, it needs more mechanical maintenance as it gets older. You can carry this comparison right through to the provision of spare parts. But never forget that such operations are painful experiences, howerer good the results. And at what point should you cease to treat the old body? Is it morally right to try to push off death by pursuing the development of drugs to excite the forgetful old mind and to activate the old body, knowing that it is designed to die? You cannot ask doctors or scientists to decide, because so long as they can see the technical opportunities, they will feel bound to give them a try, on the principle that while there's life, there's hope.

When you talk to the old people, however, you are forced to the conclusion that whether age is happy or unpleasant depends less on money or on health than it does on your ability to have fun.

1. It is implied in Paragraph 1 that \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. very old people enjoy living with their relatives

b. social services have nothing to do with very old people

c. very old people would like to live alone so that they can have more personal freedom

d. very old people are able to keep their rooms very clean

2. Some social workers think that \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. health and safety are more important than personal freedom

b. personal freedom is more important than health and safety

c. old people should keep their rooms clean

d. one should not take the risk of dealing with old people

3. The word "it" in the last paragraph refers to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. the conclusion you have come to

b. your talk to the old people

c. whether age is happy or unpleasant

d. one's money or one's health

4. The author thinks that \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. medical decisions for old people should be left to the doctors

b. old people can enjoy a happy life only if they are very rich

c. the opinion that we should try every means possible to save old people is doubtful

d. it is always morally right to treat old people and push off death

42/200

Passage 74

dbcad

45/200

Passage 75

It is estimated that some seven hundred million people - about half the world's population - are unable to read and write, and there are probably tow hundred and fifty million more whose level of attainment is so slight that it barely qualifies a literacy.

Recently the attack on illiteracy has been stepped up. A world plan has been drawn up by a committee of UNESCO experts in Paris, as part of the UNESCO Nations Development Decade, and an international conference on the subject has also been held. UNESCO stresses that functional literacy is the aim. People must learn the basic skills of responsible citizenship: the ability to read notices, newpapers, timetables, letters, pricelists, to keep simple records and accounts, to sort out the significance of the information gathered, and to fill in forms.

The major areas of illiteracy are in Asia, Africa, and Central and South America there are at least one hundred million illiterates, comprising eighty to eighty-five per cent of the total population. In Europe the figure is about twenty-four million, most of them in Southern Europe, with Spain, Italy, Portugal, and Yugoslavia heading the list (the United Kingdom has bout seven hundred thousand).

1. The figure of world illiteracy was obtained by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. an committee of UNESCO

b. experts in Paris

c. an international organization

d. none of these

2. Studying carefully the clues in the passage, we learn that the total population of Africa is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. approximately seven hundred million

b. approximately one hundred and twenty-five million

c. approximately eight or eight point five thousand million

d. exactly twenty-four million

3. The figure of illiteracy in Britain comprises \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. zero point one per cent of that of illiteracy in the world

b. zero point tow per cent of the world adult population

c. thirty-five per cent of Europe's population

d. three point five per cent of that of the illiteracy in Southern Europe.

4. It is obvious that UNESOO \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. is a company in France

b. is a world organization attached to the U. N.

c. works mainly at combating illiteracy

d. has many experts whose level of attainment is far from literacy.

5. A world plan mentioned in the passage aims at \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. training responsible citizens

b. enforcing the functions of UNESCO

c. helping illiterates learn how to read and write

d. urging Southern European countries to take the lead in attacking illiteracy

6. The author implies that this world plan is to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. be carried out in the mayor areas of illiteracy like Africa

b. be realized in ten years

c. be drawn up by Parician experts

d. be debted at an international conference

45/200

Passage 75

dbabcb

46/200

Passage 77

The world has become a world of cities. With the present rate of urban growth (3.8% in the Third World), the majority of the population of the world will be living in cities by the year 2000. This will transform the rural-urban equation which has marked the history of mankind up to now and will call for new paradigms and a great deal of innovation to face this phenomenon.

This being so, one must accept the fact that for some years to come, no policy will be capable of stopping or reversing the present migratory trends from the rural areas to the cities in the Third World. In Africa, the urban population will reach 330 million people by the end of the century as against 150 million in 1985.

The munber of people living in shanty towns will inevitably increase in spite of the efforts to improve housing conditions. Africa alone needs to build 12 million housing units between now and the year 2000 to meet its most basic needs. In an ILO study, M. S. V. Sethuraman estimates that in 70 Third World cities the proportion of people living in shanty towns varies from 15% to 70% and that about US $ 116 billion are required to give minimum comfort to these people by the turn of the century - less than US $ 10 billion per year.

The world population is growing at a rate of about 90 million people per year, with the Third World accounting for 80 million of them. The pressure on cities can only go on increasing. The urban population of the developing countries will exceed 2 billion people by the year 2000 and since the main reason for the high demographic growth is poverty, the additional population will be mostly made of people of very limited means.

1. If the urban population of the developing countries exceeds 2 billion people by the year 2000, the additional people will face the problem of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. housing

b. food

c. poverty

d. limited land

2. According to the passage "about US $ 116 billion are reauired to give minimum comfort to these people by the turn of the century - less than US $ 10 billion per year."Do you think which year was the article written by saying"less than $ 10 billion per year"by the turn of the century?

a.1985

b.1990

c.1988

d.1987

3. The mankind should face the phenomenon that the world has become a world of cities with \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. a lot of difficulties

b. efforts to improve housing condition

c. pressure of the basic needs

d. new nodels and a great deal of transformation of ideas and methods

4. In Africa, people in cities will be \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ by the end of the century.

a. almost twice as much as in 1985

b. doubled than that in 1985

c. over twice as much as in 1985

d.300 million

5. In spite of teh efforts to improve housing condition, the number of peole living in shanty towns will increase because \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. houses in shanty towns are cheap

b. shanty towns could provide people with minimum comfort

c. no policy will be capable of stopping or changing the prsent immigrant tendency from the rural areas to the cities in the Third World

d. the Third World population is growing at a rate of about 80 million people per year

44/200答案：cabcc

47/200

passage 32

At some time in your life you may have a strong desire to do something strange or terrible. However, chances are that you don't act on your impulse, but let it pass instead. You know that to commit the action is wrong in some way and that other people will not accept your behavior.

Perhaps the most interesting thing about the phenomenon of taboo behavior is how can change over the years within the same society, how certain behavior and attitudes once considered taboo can become perfectly acceptable and natural at another point in time. Topics such as death, for example, were once considered so upsettting and unpleasant that it was a taboo to even talk about them. Now with the publication of important books such as On Death and Dying and Learning to Say Goodbye, people have become more aware of the importance of expressing feelings about death and, as a result, are more willing to talk about this taboo subject.

One of the newest taboos in American society is the topic of fat. Unlike manty other taboos, fat is a topic that americans talk about constantly. It's not taboo to talk about fat; it's taboo to be fat. The "in"look is thin, not fat. In the work world, most companies prefer youthful-looking, trim executives to sell their image as well as their products to the public. The thin look is associated with youth, vigor, and success. The fat person, on the other hand, is thought of as lazy and lacking in energy, self-discipline, and self-respect. After all, people think, how can people who care about themselves, and therefore the way they look, permit themselves to become fat? In an image-conscious society like the U. S., thin is "in", fat is"out".

It's not surprising, then, that millions of americans have become obsessed with staying slim and "in shape". The pursuit of a youthful physical appearance in not, however, the sole reason for american's obsession with diet and exercise. Recent research has shown the critical importance of diet and exercise for personal health. As in most technologically developed nations, the life-style of north americans has changed dramatically during the course of the last century. Modern machines do all the physical labor that people were once forced to do by hand. Cars and buses transport us quickly from point to point. As a result of inactivity and disuse, people's bodies can easily become weak and vulnerable to disease. In an effort to avoid such a fate, millions of americans are spending more of their time exercising. The effect of this new appreciation of the importance of exercise is evident: parks are filled with joggers and bicyclists, physical education programs are enjoying a newly found prestige, and many companies are providing special exercise facilities for their employees to use during the work day.

1. Form the passage we can infer taboo is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. a strong desire to do something strange or terrible

b. a crime committed on impulse

c. behaviour considered unacceptable in society 's eyes

d. an unfavourable impression left on other society's people

2. Based on the ideas presented in the passage we can concluded "being fat" \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ in american society.

a. will always remain a taboo

b. is not considered a taboo by most people

c. has long been a taboo

d. may no longer be a taboo some day

3. The topic of fat is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ many other taboo subjects.

a. the same as

b. different form

c. more popluar than

d. less often talked about than

4. In the U. S., thin is "in", fat is "out", this means \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. thin si inside, fat is outside

b. thin is diligent, fat is lazy

c. thin is youthful, fat is spiritless

d. thin is fashionable, fat is unfashionable

5. Apart from this new understanding of th correlation between health and exercise, the main reason the passage gives for why so many americands are exercising regularly is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

a. their changed life-style

b. their eagerness to stay thin and youthful

c. their appreciation of the importance of exercise

d. the encouragement they have received from their companies