大学英语四级(选词填空)专项训练

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**2010年12月英语四级考试真题**

**Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.**

What determines the kind of person you are? What factors make you more or less bold, intelligent, or able to read a map? All of these are influenced by the interaction of your genes and the environment in which you were 47 . The study of how genes and environment interact to influence  48 activity is known as behavioral genetics. Behavioral genetics has made important 49  to the biological revolution, providing information about the extent to which biology influences mind, brain and behavior.

Any research that suggests that  50  to perform certain behaviors are based in biology is controversial. Who wants to be told that there are limitations to what you can  51  based on something that is beyond your control, such as your genes? It is easy to accept that genes control physical characteristics such as sex, race and eye color. But can genes also determine whether people will get divorced, how 52  they are, or what career they are likely to choose? A concern of psychological scientists is the  53  to which all of these characteristics are influenced by nature and nurture(养育), by genetic makeup and the environment. Increasingly, science 54 that genes lay the groundwork for many human traits. From this perspective, people are born  55 like undeveloped photographs: The image is already captured, but the way it  56 appears can vary based on the development process. However, the basic picture is there from the beginning.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

［A］ abilities  ［I］ extent

［B］ achieve  ［J］ indicates

［C］ appeal  ［K］ proceeds

［D］ complaints  ［L］ psychological

［E］ contributions  ［M］ raised

［F］ displayed ［N］ smart

［G］ essentially   ［O］ standard

［H］ eventually  
答案**Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in depth)**  
47. M) raised 48. L) psychological 49. E) contributions 50. A) abilities  
51. B) achieve 52. N) smart 53. I) extent 54. J) indicates  
55. G) essentially 56. H) eventually

**2010年6月英语四级考试真题**

**Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)**  
**Section A**  
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.  
Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.  
When we think of green buildings, we tend to think of new ones – the kind of high-tech, solar-paneled masterpieces that make the covers of architecture magazines. But the U.S. has more than 100 million existing homes, and it would be \_\_47\_\_ wasteful to tear them all down and \_\_48\_\_ them with greener versions. An enormous amount of energy and resources went into the construction of those houses. And it would take an average of 65 years for the \_\_49\_\_ carbon emissions from a new energy-efficient home to make up for the resources lost by destroying an old one. So in the broadest \_\_50\_\_, the greenest home is the one that has already been built. But at the same time, nearly half of U. S. carbon emissions come from heating, cooling and \_\_51\_\_ our homes, offices and other buildings. "You can't deal with climate change without dealing with existing buildings," says Richard Moe, the president of the National Trust.  
With some \_\_52\_\_, the oldest homes tend to be the least energy-efficient. Houses built before 1939 use about 50% more energy per square foot than those built after 2000, mainly due to the tiny cracks and gaps that \_\_53\_\_ over time and let in more outside air.  
Fortunately, there are a \_\_54\_\_ number of relatively simple changes that can green older homes, from \_\_55\_\_ ones like Lincoln's Cottage to your own postwar home. And efficiency upgrades (升级) can save more than just the earth; they can help \_\_56\_\_ property owners from rising power costs.  
　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

A) accommodations B) clumsy C) doubtful D) exceptions

E) expand F) historic G) incredibly H) powering

I) protect J) reduced K) replace L) sense

M) shifted N) supplying O) vast

答案**Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in depth)**  
47. G incredibly 48. K replace 49. J reduced 50. L sense 51. H powering  
52. D exceptions  53. E expand 54. O vast 55. F historic 56. I protect

**2009年12月大学英语四级考试真题及答案**

**Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.**

In families with two working parents, fathers may have more impact on a child’s language development than mothers, a new study suggests.

Researchers 47 92 families form 11 child care centers before their children were a year old, interviewing each to establish income, level of education and child care arrangements. Overall, it was a group of well-class families, with married parents both living in the home.

When the children were 2, researchers videotaped them at home in free-play sessions with both parents, 48 all of their speech. The study will appear in the November issue of The Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology.

The scientists measured the 49 number of utterance (话语) of the parents, the number of different words they used, the complexity of their sentences and other 50 of their speech. On average, fathers spoke less than mothers did, but they did not differ in the length of utterances or proportion of questions asked.

Finally, the researchers 51 the children’s speech at age 3, using a standardized language test. The only predictors of high scores on the test were the mother’s level of education, the 52 of child care and the number of different words the father used.

The researchers are 53 why the father’s speech, and not the mother’s, had an effect.

“It’s well 54 that the mother’s language does have an impact,” said Nadya Pancsofar, the lead author of the study. It could be that the high-functioning mothers in the study had 55 had a strong influence on their children’s speech development, Ms. Pancsofar said, “or it may be that mothers are 56 in a way we didn’t measure in the study.”

注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。

A) already B) analyzed C) aspects D) characters

E) contributing F) describing G) established H) quality

I) quoted J) recording K) recruited L) total

M) unconscious N) unsure O) yet

答案**Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in depth)**

47.【快速解题】动词辨义题。

K【火眼金睛】本句缺少谓语，根据句中before引导的时间状语从句中的过去时态，可以断定谓语动词应使用过去时。根据句意，备选动词中recruited符合题意。此外备选词中analyzed是强干扰项，但其实并不合适，因为“研究者们分析了92个家庭……，并且逐一询问了他们的收入、受教育状况、孩子的照顾情况。”其中“分析”与“逐一询问”在逻辑意义上不符。

48.【快速解题】动词辨义题。

J【火眼金睛】空格处在with短语中，且应该作宾语parents 的补足语。根据句意可知此处应为“研究人员将他们与父母双方在家自由玩耍的情景录制下来，并记录他们所有的谈话。”可以看出此处需填一个动名词，并含有“记录”的意思，备选动词中recording 符合题意。

49.【快速解题】动词辨义题。

L【火眼金睛】空格位于the 与number之间，可知此处需填入一个形容词作定语。备选形容词中total 符合题意，意为“父母亲话语总的数量”。

50.【快速解题】名词辨义题。

C【火眼金睛】空格位于other 之后，可知此处需填入名词，备选名词只有aspects符合题意，意为“科学家们测量了父母亲话语总的数量，使用不同词汇的数量，他们的语句的复杂程度以及他们语言的其他方面。”

51.【快速解题】动词辨义题。

B【火眼金睛】空格在主语the researchers之后，可知此处应填入谓语动词的过去时态。剩余的备选动词中analyzed 符合题意，意为“最后，当孩子们三岁时，研究者们对孩子进行了标准化的语言测试，并对他们的语言进行了分析。”

52.【快速解题】名词辨义题。

H【火眼金睛】空格处前后分别为 the 与of，可知此处需填入名词，根据上下文可知该句意为“测试中，预测高分的指标包括母亲受教育的程度，养育孩子的质量，父亲使用不同词汇的数量。”备选名词中quality 符合题意。

53.【快速解题】形容词辨义题。

N【火眼金睛】空格位于be动词与why 从句之间，可知需填入形容词或过去分词，以构成系表结构。动词中的剩余词汇，均不能使句意通顺。备选形容词中unsure可使句意通顺，意为“令研究者们疑惑的是为什么父亲而非母亲的语言对孩子有影响。”

54.【快速解题】动词辨义题。

G【火眼金睛】空格处在is well和that从句之间，此处需要填入过去分词。备选动词中established 符合题意, 其中it is well established that…，意为“大家公认……”。

55.【快速解题】副词辨义题。

A【火眼金睛】本句结构完整，空格处需填入一个副词。空格前后的had并不相同，前面的had是构成过去完成时态的助动词，后面的had是短语have a strong influence on…，结合句意，备选副词中already符合题意。

56.【快速解题】动词辨义题。

E【火眼金睛】纵观全句，空格处应填入现在分词，与are构成现在进行时态。根据句意“最终对于整个学校的文化氛围都会产生有益的影响”。备选动词中contributing符合题意, 意为“可能母亲起作用的方式在研究中我们没有测量。”

**2009年6月英语四级考试真题与答案**

**Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.**

Every year in the first week of my English class, some students inform me that writhing is too hard. They never write, unless assignments 47 it . They fine the writing process 48 and difficult.

How awful to be able to speak in a language but not to write in it- 49  English , with its rich vocabulary . Being able to speak but not write is like living in an 50 *mansion*(豪宅) and never leaving one small room . When I meet students who think they can’t write, I know as a teacher my 51 is to show them the rest of the rooms . My task is to build fluency while providing the opportunity inherent in any writing activity to 52 the moral and emotional development of my students . One great way to do this is by having students write in a journal in class every day.

Writing ability is like strength training. Writing needs to be done 53 , just like exercise ; just as muscles grow stronger with exercise , writing skills improve quickly with writing practice. I often see a rise in student confidence and 54 after only a few weeks of journal writing .

Expressing oneself in writing is one of the most important skills I teach to strengthen the whole student. When my students practice journal writing, they are practicing for their future academic, political, and 55 lives . They build skills so that some day they might write a great novel, a piece of sorely needed legislation, or the perfect love letter. Every day that they write in their journals puts them a step 56 to fluency , *eloquence* (雄辩), and command of language .

<table> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="vertical-align:top;width:324pt;"> 
    <ol> 
     <li>closer &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I) painful</li> 
     <li>daily &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;J) performance</li> 
     <li>emotional &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;K) profession</li> 
     <li>enhance &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;L) remarkably</li> 
     <li>enormous &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;M) require</li> 
     <li>especially &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;N) sensitive</li> 
     <li>hinder &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;O) urge</li> 
     <li>mission</li> 
    </ol></td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

答案Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in depth)

47. M require 48. I painful 49.F especially 50. E enormous

51.H mission 52. D enhance 53. B daily 54.J performance

55. K profession 56 A daily

**2008****年****12****月大学英语四级考试真题**

Question 47-56

A bookless life is an incomplete life. Books influence the depth and breadth of life. They meet the natural\_\_\_\_\_\_47\_\_\_\_\_for freedom, for expression, for creativity and beauty of life. Learners, therefore, must have books, and the right type of book, for the satisfaction of their need. Readers turn\_\_\_\_\_\_48\_\_\_\_\_ to books because their curiosity concerning all manners of things, their eagerness to share in the experiences of others and their need to \_\_\_\_49 \_\_\_\_\_ from their own limited environment lead them to find in books food for the mind and the spirit. Through their reading they find a deeper significance to life as books acquaint them with life in the world as it was and it is now. They are presented with a \_\_50 \_\_\_\_\_ of human experiences and come to \_\_\_51 \_\_\_\_ other ways of thought and living. And while \_\_\_\_52 \_\_\_\_ their own relationships and responses to life , the readers often find that the \_\_\_53\_\_ in their stories are going through similar adjustments, which help to clarify and give significance to their own.

Books provide \_\_\_54 \_\_\_\_ material for readers’ imagination to grow. Imagination is a valuable quality and a motivating power, and stimulates achievement. While enriching their imagination, books \_\_55 \_\_\_\_their outlook, develop a fact-finding attitude and train them to use leisure \_\_\_56 \_\_\_. The social and educational significance of the readers’ books cannot be overestimated in an academic library.

A. Abundant B. Characters C. Communicating D. Completely

E. Derive F. Desire G. Diversity H. Escape

I. Establishing J. Narrow K. Naturally L. Personnel

M. Properly N. Respect O. Widen

答案**Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in depth)**

47. F/ desire 48. K/ naturally 49. H/ escape 50. G/ diversity

51. N/ respect 52. I/ establishing 53. B/ characters 54. A/ abundant

55. O/ widen 56. M/ properly

2008年6月大学英语四级考试真题

Section A

Some years ago I was offered a writing assignment that would require three months of travel through Europe. I had been abroad a couple of times, but I could hardly \_47\_ to know my way around the continent. Moreover, my knowledge of foreign languages was \_48\_ to a little college French.

I hesitated. How would I, unable to speak the language, \_49\_ unfamiliar with local geography or transportation systems, set up \_50\_ and do research? It seemed impossible, and with considerable \_51\_ I sat down to write a letter begging off. Halfway through, a thought can through my mind: you can learn if you don’t try. So I accepted the assignment.

There were some bad \_52\_. But by the time I had finished the trip I was an experienced traveler. And ever since, I have never hesitated to head for even the most remote of places, without guiders or even \_53\_ bookings, confident that somehow I will manage.

The point is that the new, the different, is almost by definition \_54\_. But each time you try something, you learn, and as the learning piles up, the world opens to you.

I’ve learned to ski at 40, and flown up the Rhine River in a \_55\_. And I know I’ll go on doing such things. It’s not because I’m braver or more daring than others. I’m not. But I’ll accept anxiety as another name for challenge and I believe I can \_56\_ wonders.

A) accomplish B) advanced C) balloon D) claim

E) constantly F) declare G) interviews H)limited

I) manufacture J) moments K) news L) reduced

M) regret N) scary O) totally

答案**Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in depth)**

47. D) claim  48. H) limited  49. O) totally  50. G) interviews

51. M) regret 52. J) moments  53. B) advanced  54. N) scary

55. C) balloon 56. A) accomplish

2007年12月四级考试真题

Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.

As war spreads to many comers of the globe, Children sadly have been drawn into the center of conflicts. In Afghanistan, Bosnia, and Colombia, however, groups of children have been taking part in peace education 47 .The children, after learning to resolve conflicts, took on the 48 of peacemakers. The Children’s Movement for peacemakers was even nominated(提名) or the Nobel peace prize in 1998. Groups of children 49 is peacemakers studied human rights an poverty issues in Colombia, eventually forming a group with five other schools in Bogota known a The Schools of Peace.

The classroom 50 opportunities for children to replace angry, violent behaviors with 51 ,peaceful ones. It is in the classroom that caring and respect for each person empowers children to take a step 52 toward becoming peacemakers. Fortunately, educators have access to many online resources that are 53 useful when helping children along the path to peace. The Young Peacemakers Club, started in 1992, provides a Website with resources for teachers and 54 on staring a Kindness Campaign. The World Centers of Compassion for Children International call attention to children’s rights and how to help the 55 of war. Starting a Peacemakers’ Club is a praiseworthy venture for a class an one that could spread to other classrooms an ideally affect the culture of the 56 school.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

A) acting I) information B) assuming J) offers

C) comprehensive K) projects D) cooperative L) respectively

E) entire M) role F) especially N) technology

G) forward O) victims H) images

答案**Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in depth)**

47. K. projects 48. M. role 49. A. acting 50. J. offers

51. D. cooperative52. G. forward 53. F. especially 54. I. Information

55. O. victims 56. E. entire.

2007年6月23日大学英语四级(CET-4)真题试卷及答案

Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.

Years ago, doctors often said that pain was a normal part of life. In particular, when older patients \_\_47\_\_ of pain, they were told it was a natural part of aging and they would have to learn to live with it.

Times have changed. Today, we take pain \_\_48\_\_. Indeed, pain is now considered the fifth vital sign, as important as blood pressure, temperature, breathing rate and pulse in \_\_49\_\_ a person’s well-being. We know that chronic (慢性的) pain can disrupt (扰乱) a person’s life, causing problems that \_\_50\_\_ from missed work to depression.

That’s why a growing number of hospitals now depend upon physicians who \_\_51\_\_ in pain medicine. Not only do we evaluate the cause of the pain, which can help us treat the pain better, but we also help provide comprehensive therapy for depression and other psychological and social \_\_52\_\_ related to chronic pain. Such comprehensive therapy often \_\_53\_\_ the work of social workers, psychiatrists (心理医生) and psychologists, as well as specialists in pain medicine.

This modern \_\_54\_\_ for pain management has led to a wealth of innovative treatments which are more effective and with fewer side effects than ever before. Decades ago, there were only a \_\_55\_\_ number of drugs available, and many of them caused \_\_56\_\_ side effects in older people, including dizziness and fatigue. This created a double-edged sword: the medications helped relieve the pain but caused other problems that could be worse than the pain itself.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答

A) result I) determining B) involves J) limited C) significant K) gravely

D) range L) complained E) relieved M) respect F) issues N) prompting

G) seriously O) specialize H) magnificent

答案**Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in depth)**

47. L 48. G 49. I 50. D 51. O

52. F 53. B 54. M 55. J 56. C

**2006年12月23日四级考试真题**

**Direction:** *In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.*

The flood of women into the job market boosted economic growth and changed U.S. society in many ways. Many in-home jobs that used to be done  47  by women----ranging from family shopping to preparing meals to doing  48  work——still need to be done by someone .Husbands and children now do some of these jobs, a  49  that has changed the target market for many products. Or a working woman may face a crushing “poverty of time “and look for help elsewhere, creating opportunities for producers of frozen meals, child care centers, dry cleaners, financial services, and the like.

Although there is still a big wage  50  between men and women, the income working women  51  gives them new independence and buying power. For example, women now  52  about half of all cars. Not long ago, many cars dealers  53  women shoppers by ignoring them or suggesting that they come back with their husbands. Now car companies have realized that women are  54  customers. It’s interesting that some leading Japanese car dealers were the first to  55  pay attention to women customers. In Japan, fewer women have jobs or buy cars — the Japanese society is still very much male—oriented. Perhaps it was the  56  contrast with Japanese society that prompted American firms to pay more attention to women buyers.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答

A）scale B）retailed C）generate D）extreme

E）technically F）affordable G）situation H）really

I）potential J）gap K）voluntary L）excessive

M）insulted N）purchase O）primarily

答案**Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in depth)**

47. O) primarily 48. K) voluntary 49. G) situation 50. J) gap

51. C) generate 52. N) purchase 53. M) insulted 54. I) potential

55. H) really 56. D) extreme