【MySQL】CentOS7安装MySQL数据库及MariaDB

淩亂°似流年 2023-10-05 13:56 27阅读 0赞

### **MySQL数据库——rpm方式** ###

将需要用到的软件包上传至CentOS虚拟机

在安装前请卸载**MariaDB**，避免发生冲突

rpm -qa | grep mariadb
    # 删除搜索到的MariaDB的rpm包
    rpm -e --nodeps 搜索到的MariaDB的rpm包
    rpm -qa | grep -i mysql
    # 删除搜索到的MySQL的rpm包
    rpm -e --nodeps 搜索到的mysql

安装Vim工具

yum install -y vim

在上传目录下依次执行以下命令：

# 严格按照以下顺序执行安装
    # 安装以perl-开头的rpm包
    rpm -ivh perl-*
    rpm -ivh  net-tools-2.0-0.22.20131004git.el7.x86_64.rpm
    rpm -ivh  mysql-community-common-5.6.42-2.el7.x86_64.rpm
    rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-5.6.42-2.el7.x86_64.rpm
    rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-5.6.42-2.el7.x86_64.rpm
    rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.6.42-2.el7.x86_64.rpm

启动MySQL服务

systemctl start mysqld #启动
    systemctl stop mysqld #停止
    systemctl restart mysqld #重启
    systemctl status mysqld #查看状态

修改数据库密码

mysqladmin -u root -p password # 敲回车，输入密码，确认密码

登陆到mysql

mysql -uroot -proot # 进入mysql编辑界面
    
    mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
    Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
    Your MySQL connection id is 2
    Server version: 5.7.29-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
    
    Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
    
    Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
    affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
    owners.
    
    Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
    
    mysql>

在MySQL中开启远程访问

use mysql;
    select host,user from user;
    #执行修改语句
    update user set host='%' where user='root'; #MySQL8.0版本
    #授予特殊权限：当前版本(5.6/5.7)
    grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by '123456' with grant option;
    # 刷新权限
    flush privileges

MySQL安装完毕

### **MariaDB** ###

# yum方式安装MariaDB
    yum install mariadb-server

开启MariaDB服务，并设置为开机自启

systemctl start mariadb #启动
    systemctl stop mariadb #停止
    systemctl restart mariadb #重启
    systemctl status mariadb #查看状态
    
    #查看MariaDB服务状态
    [root@CentOS ~]# systemctl status mariadb
    ● mariadb.service - MariaDB database server
       Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
       Active: inactive (dead)
    
    #启动MariaDB
    [root@CentOS ~]# systemctl start mariadb
    
    [root@CentOS ~]# systemctl status mariadb
    ● mariadb.service - MariaDB database server
       Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
       Active: active (running) since 四 2020-01-09 13:11:39 CST; 2s ago
      Process: 1582 ExecStartPost=/usr/libexec/mariadb-wait-ready $MAINPID (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
      Process: 1495 ExecStartPre=/usr/libexec/mariadb-prepare-db-dir %n (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
     Main PID: 1581 (mysqld_safe)
       CGroup: /system.slice/mariadb.service
               ├─1581 /bin/sh /usr/bin/mysqld_safe --basedir=/usr
               └─1743 /usr/libexec/mysqld --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql...
    
    1月 09 13:11:37 CentOS mariadb-prepare-db-dir[1495]: MySQL manual for more i...
    1月 09 13:11:37 CentOS mariadb-prepare-db-dir[1495]: Please report any probl...
    1月 09 13:11:37 CentOS mariadb-prepare-db-dir[1495]: The latest information ...
    1月 09 13:11:37 CentOS mariadb-prepare-db-dir[1495]: You can find additional...
    1月 09 13:11:37 CentOS mariadb-prepare-db-dir[1495]: http://dev.mysql.com
    1月 09 13:11:37 CentOS mariadb-prepare-db-dir[1495]: Consider joining MariaD...
    1月 09 13:11:37 CentOS mariadb-prepare-db-dir[1495]: https://mariadb.org/get...
    1月 09 13:11:37 CentOS mysqld_safe[1581]: 200109 13:11:37 mysqld_safe Loggi....
    1月 09 13:11:37 CentOS mysqld_safe[1581]: 200109 13:11:37 mysqld_safe Start...l
    1月 09 13:11:39 CentOS systemd[1]: Started MariaDB database server.
    Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.
    
    #开启开机自启
    [root@CentOS ~]# systemctl enable mariadb 
    Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mariadb.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service.

进行数据库配置

[root@CentOS ~]# mysql_secure_installation
    
    NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB
          SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE!  PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!
    
    In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current
    password for the root user.  If you've just installed MariaDB, and
    you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank,
    so you should just press enter here.
    
    Enter current password for root (enter for none): 
    OK, successfully used password, moving on...
    
    Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MariaDB
    root user without the proper authorisation.
    
    Set root password? [Y/n] Y
    New password: 
    Re-enter new password: 
    Password updated successfully!
    Reloading privilege tables..
     ... Success!
    
    
    By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
    to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for
    them.  This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
    go a bit smoother.  You should remove them before moving into a
    production environment.
    
    Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] Y
     ... Success!
    
    Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'.  This
    ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.
    
    Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] n
     ... skipping.
    
    By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
    access.  This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
    before moving into a production environment.
    
    Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] n
     ... skipping.
    
    Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
    will take effect immediately.
    
    Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] Y
     ... Success!
    
    Cleaning up...
    
    All done!  If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB
    installation should now be secure.
    
    Thanks for using MariaDB!

测试是否能够登录成功,并开启远程访问权限

# 因为MariaDB是MySQL的一个分支，因此安装完MariaDB后也可使用mysql命令登录
    [root@CentOS ~]# mysql -uroot -proot
    Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
    Your MariaDB connection id is 9
    Server version: 5.5.64-MariaDB MariaDB Server
    
    Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
    
    Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
    
    MariaDB [(none)]> use user
    ERROR 1049 (42000): Unknown database 'user'
    MariaDB [(none)]> use mysql
    Reading table information for completion of table and column names
    You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
    
    Database changed
    MariaDB [mysql]> grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by 'root' with grant option;
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
    
    MariaDB [mysql]> flush privileges;
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
    
    MariaDB [mysql]>

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