centos7安装mariadb

素颜马尾好姑娘i 2022-02-03 05:17 525阅读 0赞

1、安装MariaDB

通过yum安装就行了。简单快捷，安装mariadb-server，默认依赖安装mariadb，一个是服务端、一个是客户端。

  1. [root@mini ~]# yum install mariadb-server

2、配置MariaDB

1）安装完成后首先要把MariaDB服务开启，并设置为开机启动

  1. [root@mini ~]# systemctl start mariadb  # 开启服务
  2. [root@mini ~]# systemctl enable mariadb  # 设置为开机自启动服务

2）首次安装需要进行数据库的配置，命令都和mysql的一样

  1. [root@mini ~]# mysql_secure_installation

3）配置时出现的各个选项

  1. Enter current password for root (enter for none):  # 输入数据库超级管理员root的密码(注意不是系统root的密码)，第一次进入还没有设置密码则直接回车
  3. Set root password? [Y/n]  # 设置密码，y
  5. New password:  # 新密码
  6. Re-enter new password:  # 再次输入密码
  8. Remove anonymous users? [Y/n]  # 移除匿名用户， y
  10. Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n]  # 拒绝root远程登录，n，不管y/n，都会拒绝root远程登录
  12. Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n]  # 删除test数据库，y：删除。n：不删除，数据库中会有一个test数据库，一般不需要
  14. Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n]  # 重新加载权限表，y。或者重启服务也许

4）测试是否能够登录成功，出现 MariaDB [(none)]> 就表示已经能够正常登录使用MariaDB数据库了

  1. [root@mini ~]# mysql -u root -p
  2. Enter password:
  3. Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
  4. Your MariaDB connection id is 8
  5. Server version: 5.5.60-MariaDB MariaDB Server
  7. Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
  9. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
  11. MariaDB [(none)]>

3、设置MariaDB字符集为utf-8

1）/etc/my.cnf 文件

在 [mysqld] 标签下添加

  1. init_connect='SET collation_connection = utf8_unicode_ci'
  2. init_connect='SET NAMES utf8'
  3. character-set-server=utf8
  4. collation-server=utf8_unicode_ci
  5. skip-character-set-client-handshake

2）/etc/my.cnf.d/client.cnf 文件

在 [client] 标签下添加

  1. default-character-set=utf8

3）/etc/my.cnf.d/mysql-clients.cnf 文件

在 [mysql] 标签下添加

  1. default-character-set=utf8

4）重启服务

  1. [root@mini ~]# systemctl restart mariadb

5）进入mariadb查看字符集

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  1. MariaDB [(none)]> show variables like "%character%";show variables like "%collation%";
  2. +--------------------------+----------------------------+
  3. | Variable_name            | Value                      |
  4. +--------------------------+----------------------------+
  5. | character_set_client     | utf8                       |
  6. | character_set_connection | utf8                       |
  7. | character_set_database   | latin1                     |
  8. | character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
  9. | character_set_results    | utf8                       |
  10. | character_set_server     | latin1                     |
  11. | character_set_system     | utf8                       |
  12. | character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
  13. +--------------------------+----------------------------+
  14. 8 rows in set (0.01 sec)
  16. +----------------------+-------------------+
  17. | Variable_name        | Value             |
  18. +----------------------+-------------------+
  19. | collation_connection | utf8_general_ci   |
  20. | collation_database   | latin1_swedish_ci |
  21. | collation_server     | latin1_swedish_ci |
  22. +----------------------+-------------------+
  23. 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
  25. MariaDB [(none)]>

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  1. MariaDB [(none)]> show variables like "%character%";show variables like "%collation%";
  2. +--------------------------+----------------------------+
  3. | Variable_name            | Value                      |
  4. +--------------------------+----------------------------+
  5. | character_set_client     | utf8                       |
  6. | character_set_connection | utf8                       |
  7. | character_set_database   | utf8                       |
  8. | character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
  9. | character_set_results    | utf8                       |
  10. | character_set_server     | utf8                       |
  11. | character_set_system     | utf8                       |
  12. | character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
  13. +--------------------------+----------------------------+
  14. 8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
  16. +----------------------+-----------------+
  17. | Variable_name        | Value           |
  18. +----------------------+-----------------+
  19. | collation_connection | utf8_unicode_ci |
  20. | collation_database   | utf8_unicode_ci |
  21. | collation_server     | utf8_unicode_ci |
  22. +----------------------+-----------------+
  23. 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
  25. MariaDB [(none)]>

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4、远程链接mariadb数据库

mariadb默认是拒绝 root 远程登录的。这里用的是 navicat 软件连接数据库

1）关闭防火墙

① 关闭防火墙 systemctl stop firewalld 

  1. [root@mini ~]# systemctl stop firewalld

② 在不关闭防火墙的情况下，允许某端口的外来链接。步骤如下，开启3306端口，重启防火墙

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  1. [root@mini ~]# firewall-cmd --query-port=3306/tcp  # 查看3306端口是否开启
  2. no
  3. [root@mini ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent  # 开启3306端口
  4. success
  5. [root@mini ~]# firewall-cmd --reload  # 重启防火墙
  6. success
  7. [root@mini ~]# firewall-cmd --query-port=3306/tcp  # 查看3306端口是否开启
  8. yes

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2）先查看mysql数据库中的user表

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  1. [root@mini ~]# mysql -u root -p  # 先通过本地链接进入数据库
  3. MariaDB [(none)]> use mysql;
  5. MariaDB [mysql]> select host, user from user;
  6. +-----------+------+
  7. | host      | user |
  8. +-----------+------+
  9. | 127.0.0.1 | root |
  10. | ::1       | root |
  11. | mini      | root |
  12. +-----------+------+
  13. 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

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3）将与主机名相等的字段改为 “%” ，我的主机名为mini，

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  1. MariaDB [mysql]> update user set host='%' where host='mini';
  2. Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
  3. Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0
  5. MariaDB [mysql]> select host, user from user;
  6. +-----------+------+
  7. | host      | user |
  8. +-----------+------+
  9. | %         | root |
  10. | 127.0.0.1 | root |
  11. | localhost | root |
  12. +-----------+------+
  13. 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

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4）刷新权限表，或重启mariadb服务，一下二选一即可

  1. MariaDB [mysql]> flush privileges;
  2. Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
  4. [root@mini ~]# systemctl restart mariadb

注意：刷新权限表是在数据库中，重启服务是在外部命令行中

6）重新远程链接mariadb

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