WSL2 ubuntu 18.04 配置开发环境

偏执的太偏执、 2023-09-25 14:58 13阅读 0赞

建议直接使用`root`用户，由于不是用于服务器，所以连密码也不必设置，可以省去很多操作  
如果使用新建其他用户如`youruser`，建议不要将需要提权操作的文件和写入环境变量的路径放在`/home/youruser/`即该用户的`~`路径中，否则`sudo`操作可能会找不到文件

# CMD/PowerShell 指定root为默认用户
    ubuntu1804.exe config --default-user root

## 替换源 ##

`cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.backup`  
`vim /etc/apt/sources.list`

#阿里源
    deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
    deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
    deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
    deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
    deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
    deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
    deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
    deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
    deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
    deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

## 代理设置 ##

`vim ~/.bashrc`

host_ip=$(cat /etc/resolv.conf |grep "nameserver" |cut -f 2 -d " ")
    alias setproxy="export all_proxy=http://$host_ip:7890;export http_proxy=http://$host_ip:7890;export https_proxy=http://$host_ip:7890;"
    alias unsetproxy="unset all_proxy;unset http_proxy;unset https_proxy;"

## 在WSL2中启用systemd ##

由于wsl2的pid 1被windows占用，默认情况不支持systemctl  
我们可以利用nsenter和daemonize，在新的namespace里给systemd一个pid 1  
安装daemonize  
`apt install -y fontconfig daemonize`  
配置systemd，编辑 `/etc/profile` 添加以下内容

# systemd
    SYSTEMD_PID=$(ps -ef | grep '/lib/systemd/systemd --system-unit=basic.target$' | grep -v unshare | awk '{print $2}')
    
    if [ -z "$SYSTEMD_PID" ]; then
       sudo /usr/sbin/daemonize /usr/bin/unshare --fork --pid --mount-proc /lib/systemd/systemd --system-unit=basic.target
       SYSTEMD_PID=$(ps -ef | grep '/lib/systemd/systemd --system-unit=basic.target$' | grep -v unshare | awk '{print $2}')
    fi
    
    if [ -n "$SYSTEMD_PID" ] && [ "$SYSTEMD_PID" != "1" ]; then
        sudo /usr/bin/nsenter -t $SYSTEMD_PID -a su - $LOGNAME
    fi

配置免密sudo，编辑`/etc/sudoers`添加以下内容  
`chmod 755 /etc/sudoers`

%sudo ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: /usr/sbin/daemonize /usr/bin/unshare --fork --pid --mount-proc /lib/systemd/systemd --system-unit=basic.target
    %sudo ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: /usr/bin/nsenter -t [0-9]* -a su - [a-zA-Z0-9]*

`chmod 440 /etc/sudoers`  
重启 WSL2 or source profile

source /etc/profile

> 此时window的命令将失效，如explorer.exe  
> 输入exit可以退出此namespace，此时可以使用windows的命令  
> 注意如果`sudo /usr/bin/nsenter -t $SYSTEMD_PID -a su - $LOGNAME`  
> 改成`exec sudo /usr/bin/nsenter -t $SYSTEMD_PID -a su - $LOGNAME`  
> 则输入exit会直接退出终端

## 软件包 ##

mongodb-org

apt-get install gnupg
    echo "deb [ arch=amd64,arm64 ] https://repo.mongodb.org/apt/ubuntu bionic/mongodb-org/4.2 multiverse" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mongodb-org-4.2.list
    apt-key adv --keyserver hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 --recv 4B7C549A058F8B6B
    apt-get update
    apt install mongodb-org
    systemctl enable mongod

git make svn  
`apt-get install git make subversion`  
redis  
`apt-get install redis-server`  
安装可能报错，需要关闭redis默认开启的ipv6，然后再运行一次安装命令  
`vim /etc/redis/redis.conf`

- bind 127.0.0.1 ::1
    + bind 127.0.0.1

wget -c https://dl.google.com/go/go1.16.10.linux-amd64.tar.gz -O - | sudo tar -xz -C /usr/local
    echo -e "\n# GoPath\nexport PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/go/bin" >> ~/.bashrc
    source ~/.bashrc
    
    go env -w GO111MODULE=on
    go env -w GOPROXY=https://goproxy.cn,direct

etcd nats

wget -c https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases/download/v3.5.1/etcd-v3.5.1-linux-amd64.tar.gz -O - | sudo tar -xz -C ~/go/bin
    wget -c https://github.com/nats-io/nats-server/releases/download/v2.2.0/nats-server-v2.2.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz -O - | sudo tar -xz -C ~/go/bin
    wget -c https://github.com/nats-io/nats-streaming-server/releases/download/v0.21.1/nats-streaming-server-v0.21.1-linux-amd64.tar.gz -O - | sudo tar -xz -C ~/go/bin

vim nat.conf

# 最大的有效负载
    max_payload: 134217728
    # 日志选项
    debug:   false
    trace:   false
    logtime: true
    log_file: "./gnatsd.log"

静默启动

nohup ./etcd 2>&1 > etcd.log &
    nohup ./nats-server -c ./nat.conf 2>&1 > nats_start.log &
    nohup ./nats-streaming-server -p 4333 -m 8222 2>&1 > nats_streaming.log &

mercurial

*  `add-apt-repository ppa:mercurial-ppa/releases`
 *  `sudo add-apt-repository -y -r ppa:chris-lea/node.js`
 *  `sudo rm -f /etc/apt/sources.list.d/chris-lea-node_js-*.list`
 *  `apt-get update`
 *  `apt-get install mercurial python-nautilus tortoisehg`
 *

gohugo

*  `apt install hugo`
 *  `go get -v github.com/spf13/hugo`
 *

## 配置 ##

git生成ssh`ssh-keygen -o`也可以从自己的其他计算机拷贝至~/.ssh  
git配置用户名和https转ssh`vim ~/.gitconfig`

*  `[user]`
 *  `name = yourname`
 *  `email = yourmail`
 *  `[url "git@gitlab.example.com:"]`
 *  `insteadOf = https://gitlab.example.com`
 *

## 给hosts文件加入wslhost ##

由于wsl2每次启动ip都会变化，所以在每次启动时将ip写入wslhost使外部软件访问wsl不必频繁修改ip  
`vim ~/.bashrc`

*  `# wslhost`
 *  `hostname="wslhost"`
 *  `wslip=$(ip address show eth0 | grep 'inet ' | awk '{print $2}' | awk -F/ '{print $1}')`
 *  `cp /mnt/c/Windows/System32/drivers/etc/hosts ~/hosts`
 *  `sed -i "/$hostname/d" ~/hosts`
 *  `echo "$wslip $hostname" >> ~/hosts`
 *  `cp ~/hosts /mnt/c/Windows/System32/drivers/etc/hosts`
 *

`source ~/.bashrc`

## 回收站trash-cli替代rm ##

*  `apt install trash-cli`
 *  `echo -e "\n# trash-cli\nalias rm=trash-put" >> ~/.bashrc`
 *  `source ~/.bashrc`
 *

> trash-put： 删除文件和目录（仅放入回收站中）  
> trash-list ：列出被删除了的文件和目录  
> trash-restore：从回收站中恢复文件或目录  
> trash-rm：删除回收站中的文件  
> trash-empty：清空回收站

## 端口转发 ##

由于wsl2使用127.0.0.1的本地端口，其他计算机无法访问wsl2内开启的服务，所以需要设置端口转发到0.0.0.0  
写一个bat文件批量设置需要转发的端口即可，端口再括号内可以用回车、空格或逗号分隔，我比较喜欢用回车分隔，可以清楚看清有几个端口

*  `@echo off`
 *  `for %%i in (`
 *  `8080`
 *  `8081`
 *  `) do (`
 *  `netsh interface portproxy add v4tov4 listenport=%%i listenaddress=0.0.0.0 connectport=%%i connectaddress=wslhost protocol=tcp`
 *  `)`
 *  `netsh interface portproxy show all`
 *  `pause`
 *

以下bat可以批量删除所有的端口转发

*  `@echo off`
 *  `for /f "skip=5 tokens=2" %%i in ('netsh interface portproxy show all') do (`
 *  `netsh interface portproxy delete v4tov4 listenport=%%i listenaddress=0.0.0.0`
 *  `)`
 *  `netsh interface portproxy show all`
 *  `pause`
 *

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