十、Matplotlib——图中图、次坐标轴（两个坐标轴）

缺乏、安全感 2023-08-17 16:42 49阅读 0赞

# 一、图中图 #

import numpy as np
    import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
    
    fig = plt.figure()
    # 1 - 7
    x = np.arange(1, 8)
    y = [1, 3, 4, 2, 5, 8, 6]
    print(x)
    # left, bottom 都是百分比 ，指代 ax1 左侧、下侧从图布的百分之几处开始，
    # width, height 都是百分比，指代ax1 宽度、高度占整个图布的百分之几
    print("=======外部大图=========")
    left, bottom, width, height = 0.1, 0.1, 0.8, 0.8
    ax1 = fig.add_axes([left, bottom, width, height])
    ax1.plot(x, y, 'r')
    ax1.set_xlabel('x')
    ax1.set_ylabel('y')
    ax1.set_title('title')
    print("=======添加内部图方法一=========")
    left, bottom, width, height = 0.2, 0.6, 0.25, 0.25
    ax2 = fig.add_axes([left, bottom, width, height])
    ax2.plot(y, x, 'b')
    ax2.set_xlabel('x')
    ax2.set_ylabel('y')
    ax2.set_title('title_inside 1')
    print("=======添加内部图方法二=========")
    left, bottom, width, height = 0.6, 0.2, 0.25, 0.25
    plt.axes([left, bottom, width, height])
    # y[::-1] 表示 y 逆序
    plt.plot(y[::-1], x, 'g')
    plt.xlabel('x')
    plt.ylabel('y')
    plt.title('title_inside 2')
    
    plt.tight_layout()
    plt.show()

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二、次坐标轴

import numpy as np
    import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
    
    # 1 - 7
    x = np.arange(0, 10, 0.1)
    y1 = 0.05 * x ** 2
    y2 = -1 * y1
    
    fig, ax1 = plt.subplots()
    print("=================")
    # 产生一个ax1的镜面坐标
    ax2 = ax1.twinx()
    
    ax1.plot(x, y1, 'g-')
    ax2.plot(x, y2, 'b--')
    
    print("===============")
    ax1.set_xlabel('X data')
    ax1.set_ylabel('Y1', color='g')
    ax2.set_ylabel('Y2', color='b')
    
    plt.tight_layout()
    plt.show()

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