国家统计局爬虫样例

待我称王封你为后i 2023-07-15 09:25 1阅读 0赞

本文主要记录如何基于 Scrapy 获取 [国家统计局][Link 1] 中最新发布的新闻资讯内容。

# items.py  #

import scrapy
    
    class NewsItem(scrapy.Item):
        # define the fields for your item here like:
        # name = scrapy.Field()
        title = scrapy.Field() # 标题
        summary = scrapy.Field() # 主旨
        origin = scrapy.Field()  # 文章原文链接
        cover = scrapy.Field()  # 文章封面图片
        author = scrapy.Field()  # 文章作者
        publish_date = scrapy.Field() # 发布日期
        publish_time = scrapy.Field()  # 发布日期含时间
        publish_from = scrapy.Field() # 文章来源
        category = scrapy.Field() # 文章所属分类 report,
        type = scrapy.Field() # 类型，图片（img）或者文字（txt）
        html = scrapy.Field() # html内容
        text = scrapy.Field() # 文本内容
        image_urls = scrapy.Field() # 正文图片Url地址
        images = scrapy.Field() # 正文图片本地地址

# statsNews.py #

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
    import re
    import scrapy
    import logging
    import datetime
    from news.items import NewsItem
    from news.captureImage import webshot
    
    # 设置日志的输出样式
    logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO,
                        format='[%(asctime)-15s] [%(levelname)8s] [%(name)10s ] - %(message)s (%(filename)s:%(lineno)s)',
                        datefmt='%Y-%m-%d %T'
                        )
    logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
    
    class StatsNewsSpider(scrapy.Spider):
        name = 'statsNews'
        allowed_domains = ['www.stats.gov.cn']
        start_urls = ['http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/zxfb/index.html']
        current_page = 1
        yesterday = str(datetime.date.today() + datetime.timedelta(-1))
        has_next = True
    
        def parse(self, response): # 提取最新发布列表页数据
            logger.info('当前页数： ' + str(self.current_page))
            self.current_page = self.current_page +1
            news_list = response.xpath("//ul[@class='center_list_contlist']/li/a")
            for news in news_list:
                ahref = news.xpath("./@href").extract_first()
                if ahref is not None:
                    publish_date = news.xpath("./node()//font[@class='cont_tit02']/text()").extract_first()
                    # 爬取昨天发布的新闻
                    if publish_date.strip() == self.yesterday:
                    # 爬取某一天
                    # if publish_date.strip() == "2020-03-13":
                    # 首次爬虫，爬取全部
                    # if True:
                        item = NewsItem()
                        item['category'] = '报告'
                        item['title'] = news.xpath("./node()//font[@class='cont_tit03']/text()").extract_first()
                        item['publish_date'] = publish_date
                        if ahref.startswith("/"):
                            item['origin'] = 'http://www.stats.gov.cn'+ ahref
                            item['type'] = 'TXT'
                            # 获取详情
                            yield scrapy.Request(
                                item['origin'],
                                callback=self.parse_detail,
                                meta={'item': item})
                        elif ahref.startswith("./"):
                            item['origin'] = ahref.replace('./','http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/zxfb/',1)
                            item['type'] = 'TXT'
                            # 获取详情
                            yield scrapy.Request(
                                item['origin'],
                                callback=self.parse_detail,
                                meta={'item': item})
                        else:
                            item['origin'] = ahref
                            item['type'] = 'IMG'
                            item['publish_from'] = '微信公众号'
                            picname = webshot(ahref)
                            item['html'] = picname
                            item['text'] = picname
                            item['publish_time'] = item['publish_date']+' 09:30'
                            yield item
                    else:
                        self.has_next = False
                        break
            if self.has_next:
                # 获取下一页地址
                next_url = response.xpath("//dl[@class='fenye']//a[text()='下一页']/@href").extract_first()
                if next_url is not None:
                    next_url = 'http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/zxfb/' + next_url
                    yield scrapy.Request(next_url, callback=self.parse)
    
        def parse_detail(self, response):  # 提取详情页数据
            item = response.meta['item']
            item['publish_from'] = response.xpath("//font[@class='xilan_titf']/font/font/text()").extract_first()
            time_str = response.xpath("//font[@class='xilan_titf']/font/child::text()[last()]").extract_first()
            time_str = time_str.strip().replace('发布时间：','').replace('\xa0',' ')
            item['publish_time'] = time_str
            news_html = response.xpath("//div[@class='xilan_con']")[0]
            texts = news_html.xpath("normalize-space(string(.))").extract()
            for i in range(0, len(texts)):
                texts[i] = re.sub('\s', ' ', texts[i])
            item['text'] = ''.join(texts)
            logging.info(item['text'])
            nPos = item['origin'].rindex("/")
            prefix = item['origin'][0:nPos+1]
            html = news_html.extract().replace('src="./','src="'+ prefix )
            item['html'] = html
            # with open('C:\\Users\\pjli\\Desktop\\pyworks\\{}.txt'.format(item['title']), 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
            #     f.write(html)
            yield item

# captureImage.py #

from selenium import webdriver
    from news.settings import WINDOWS_IMG_FOLDER , LINUX_IMG_FOLDER
    import time
    import hashlib
    
    def webshot(url): # 对于某些特殊文章需截图保存
        options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
        options.add_argument('--headless')
        options.add_argument('--disable-gpu')
        driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options)
        driver.maximize_window()
        # 返回网页的高度的js代码
        js_height = "return document.body.clientHeight"
        sha = hashlib.sha1(url.encode('utf-8'))
        picname = sha.hexdigest() + ".png"
        try:
            driver.get(url)
            k = 1
            height = driver.execute_script(js_height)
            while True:
                if k * 500 < height:
                    js_move = "window.scrollTo(0,{})".format(k * 500)
                    # print(js_move)
                    driver.execute_script(js_move)
                    time.sleep(0.2)
                    height = driver.execute_script(js_height)
                    k += 1
                else:
                    break
            scroll_width = driver.execute_script('return document.body.parentNode.scrollWidth')
            scroll_height = driver.execute_script('return document.body.parentNode.scrollHeight')
            driver.set_window_size(scroll_width, scroll_height)
            driver.get_screenshot_as_file(
                WINDOWS_IMG_FOLDER + picname)
            return picname
        except Exception as e:
            print(picname, e)
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        webshot("https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/C9dIWk9jRGcmrq-aqzxusw")

# pipelines.py #

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
    
    from pymongo import MongoClient
    from news.items import NewsItem
    
    class NewsPipeline(object):
    
        @classmethod
        def from_crawler(cls, crawler):
    
            return cls()
    
        def open_spider(self, spider):
            self.client = MongoClient(host='172.16.250.238', port=27017)
            self.client.test.authenticate('bigdata', 'bigdata')
            self.db = self.client['test']
    
        def close_spider(self, spider):
            self.client.close()
    
        def process_item(self, item, spider):
            collection = self.db['statsNews']
            if isinstance(item, NewsItem):
                collection.insert_one(dict(item))
            # with open('C:\\Users\\pjli\\Desktop\\pyworks\\news.txt', 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
            #     json.dump(dict(item), f, ensure_ascii=False, indent=2)

[Link 1]: http://www.stats.gov.cn/