django上传、下载文件

淩亂°似流年 2023-06-03 14:54 97阅读 0赞

直接上干货吧：

1、文件上传：

a.　models.py

from django.db import models
    from . import storage
    
    class UploadFile(models.Model):
        title = models.CharField(max_length=50)
        file = models.FileField(upload_to='./filesupload',storage=storage.FieldStorage())
    
        def __unicode__(self):
            return self.title
    
        class Meta:
            ordering = ['title']

创建一个UploadFile模型，参数upload\_to表示文件上传的位置，

在此之前还需要在settings文件中设置MEDIA\_ROOT、MEDIA\_URL：

FILE\_UPLOAD\_HANDLERS = \[  
　　　　"django.core.files.uploadhandler.MemoryFileUploadHandler",  
　　　　"django.core.files.uploadhandler.TemporaryFileUploadHandler"  
　　\]

MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'files')
    MEDIA_URL = '/files/'

同步数据库

b.　新建forms.py文件：

class UploadFileForm(forms.Form):
        title = forms.CharField(max_length=50)
        file = forms.FileField()

c.　在views.py中写上传文件方法：

def upload_file(request):
        context = {}
        if request.method == 'POST':
            form = UploadFileForm(request.POST,request.FILES)
            if form.is_valid():
                title = form.cleaned_data['title']
                file = form.cleaned_data['file']
    
                uploadfile = UploadFile()
                uploadfile.title = title
                uploadfile.file = file
                uploadfile.save()
    
                return HttpResponse('success')
        else:
            form = UploadFileForm()
        context['form'] = form
        return render(request,'upload.html',context)

d.　创建模板 upload.html：

<h2 align="center">上传</h2>
    
        <form method="POST" enctype="multipart/form-data">
            {
         % csrf_token %}
            {
         { form.as_p }}
            <input type="submit" value="Submit">
         </form>

e.　urls.py

path('',views.upload_file,name="upload" ),

f.　效果：

![1198482-20190901234841662-696261430.jpg][]

2、文件下载：

我在这里分为两部分，一部分是文件列表、另一部分是文件下载

a.　views.py

def download_file(request):
        files = UploadFile.objects.all()
        context = {}
        context['files'] = files
    
        return render(request,'download.html',context)
    
    def download(request,file_pk):
        file = UploadFile.objects.filter(pk=file_pk)[0]
        filename = file.file
        name = str(filename).split('/')[-1]
        filelocal = 'Files/'+str(filename)
    
        file = open(filelocal) 
    
        def file_iterator(file_name, chunk_size=512):
            with open(file_name,'rb') as f:
                while True:
                    c = f.read(chunk_size)
                    if c:
                        yield c
                    else:
                        break
            
        response = StreamingHttpResponse(file_iterator(filelocal))
        response['Content-Type']='application/octet-stream'
        response['Content-Disposition']='attachment;filename="'+str(name)+'"'
        return response

download\_file是要下载的文件列表，download是文件下载的链接。因为文件下载非常不熟悉，所以代码写的很烂，通过file\_pk将文件从数据库中筛选出来，filelocal是文件的储存路径

b.　新建urls.py文件：

path('downloadlist',views.download\_file,name="download\_list"),  
path(r'download/<int:file\_pk>',views.download,name="download"),

c.　download.html：

<ul>
        {
         % for file in files %}
            <li>{
        { file.title }}<a href="{% url 'download' file.pk %}" rel="external nofollow" >点我下载</a></li>
        {
         % endfor %}
    </ul>

d.　创建 storage.py：

这是为了将上传的文件重命名，因为在我编写的过程中发现，当我的文件名称中含有中文时，下载下来的文件会出错误（我也不清楚这是为什么......），于是从其他大神的博客中找到了将文件重命名的方法，这样下载下来的文件就可以正常打开了。

from django.core.files.storage import FileSystemStorage
    import os,time,random
    
    class FieldStorage(FileSystemStorage):
        from django.conf import settings
    
        def __init__(self, location=settings.MEDIA_ROOT, base_url=settings.MEDIA_URL):
            super(FieldStorage, self).__init__(location, base_url)
    
        def _save(self, name, content):
            ext = os.path.splitext(name)[1]
            d = os.path.dirname(name)
            fn = time.strftime('%Y%m%d%H%M%S')
            fn = fn + '_%d' % random.randint(10000, 99999)
            name = os.path.join(d, fn + ext)
            return super(FieldStorage, self)._save(name, content)

e.　效果：

![1198482-20190902000024720-1379860656.jpg][]

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/chrran/p/11444359.html

[1198482-20190901234841662-696261430.jpg]: /images/20230601/864c700eece147a8beea18a02a7c3db9.png
[1198482-20190902000024720-1379860656.jpg]: /images/20230601/f73fdc38953d4cbd8905f0ef53a965da.png