Zabbix监控客户端及实现邮件、微信报警

ゞ浴缸里的玫瑰 2023-05-30 14:59 10阅读 0赞

> 博文大纲：  
> 一、安装Zabbix agent端  
> 二、登录web界面添加agent主机  
> 三、Zabbix监控MySQL数据库  
> 四、配置邮件报警  
> 五、配置企业微信报警

**注：本文是基于博文：[部署zabbix监控服务器][zabbix] 的环境。**

这篇博文用到的所有软件都可以在这个链接获得：[Zabbix 软件包][Zabbix]

## 一、安装Zabbix agent端 ##

这里我启动了一台IP为192.168.20.3的服务器，用于充当agent端。

[root@agent ~]# tar zxf zabbix-3.2.1.tar.gz -C /usr/src/
    [root@agent ~]# cd /usr/src/zabbix-3.2.1/
    [root@agent zabbix-3.2.1]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/zabbix --enable-agent && make && make install
    [root@agent zabbix-3.2.1]# useradd zabbix -M -s /sbin/nologin 
    #修改启动脚本
    [root@agent zabbix-3.2.1]# cp misc/init.d/fedora/core/zabbix_agentd /etc/init.d/
    [root@agent ~]# sed -i 's/BASEDIR=\/usr\/local/BASEDIR=\/usr\/local\/zabbix/g' /etc/init.d/zabbix_agentd 
    [root@agent ~]# sed -i 's/PIDFILE=\/tmp\/$BINARY_NAME.pid/PIDFILE=$BASEDIR\/logs\/$BINARY_NAME.pid/g' /etc/init.d/zabbix_agentd 
    [root@agent ~]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/zabbix_agentd
    #修改配置文件
    [root@agent ~]# cd /usr/local/zabbix/etc/
    [root@agent etc]# sed -i 's/# PidFile=\/tmp\/zabbix_agentd.pid/PidFile=\/usr\/local\/zabbix\/logs\/zabbix_agentd.pid/g' zabbix_agentd.conf
    [root@agent etc]# sed -i 's/LogFile=\/tmp\/zabbix_agentd.log/LogFile=\/usr\/local\/zabbix\/logs\/zabbix_agentd.log/g' zabbix_agentd.conf
    [root@agent etc]# sed -i 's/Server=127.0.0.1/Server=192.168.20.2/g' zabbix_agentd.conf
    [root@agent etc]# sed -i 's/# ListenPort=10050/ListenPort=10050/g' zabbix_agentd.conf
    [root@agent etc]# sed -i 's/ServerActive=127.0.0.1/ServerActive=192.168.20.2/g' zabbix_agentd.conf
    [root@agent etc]# sed -i 's/Hostname=Zabbix server/Hostname=192.168.20.3/g' zabbix_agentd.conf
    [root@agent etc]# sed -i 's/# Timeout=3/Timeout=15/g' zabbix_agentd.conf
    [root@agent etc]# sed -i 's/# Include=\/usr\/local\/etc\/zabbix_agentd.conf.d\//Include=\/usr\/local\/zabbix\/etc\/zabbix_agentd.conf.d\//g' zabbix_agentd.conf
    [root@agent etc]# egrep -v '^$|^#' zabbix_agentd.conf   #确认更改的配置文件
    PidFile=/usr/local/zabbix/logs/zabbix_agentd.pid
    LogFile=/usr/local/zabbix/logs/zabbix_agentd.log
    Server=192.168.20.2
    ListenPort=10050
    ServerActive=192.168.20.2
    Hostname=192.168.20.3
    Timeout=15
    Include=/usr/local/zabbix/etc/zabbix_agentd.conf.d/
    [root@agent etc]# mkdir /usr/local/zabbix/logs
    [root@agent etc]# chown -R zabbix:zabbix /usr/local/zabbix/
    [root@agent etc]# /etc/init.d/zabbix_agentd start   #启动agent

## 二、登录web界面添加agent主机 ##

**登录到Zabbix server端进行以下操作，以便监控刚刚配置的agent端。**

![Zabbix监控客户端及实现邮件、微信报警][Zabbix 1]

![Zabbix监控客户端及实现邮件、微信报警][Zabbix 2]

![Zabbix监控客户端及实现邮件、微信报警][Zabbix 3]

![Zabbix监控客户端及实现邮件、微信报警][Zabbix 4]  
![Zabbix监控客户端及实现邮件、微信报警][Zabbix 5]

![Zabbix监控客户端及实现邮件、微信报警][Zabbix 6]

## 三、Zabbix监控MySQL数据库 ##

**以下操作在新配置的agent端进行（自行部署MySQL数据库，在博文开头的博文链接中有脚本安装MySQL数据库的方法）。**

#复制Zabbix提供的MySQL监控脚本
    [root@agent etc]# cd /usr/src/zabbix-3.2.1/conf/zabbix_agentd/
    [root@agent zabbix_agentd]# cp userparameter_mysql.conf /usr/local/zabbix/etc/zabbix_agentd.conf.d/
    [root@agent zabbix_agentd]# cd /usr/local/zabbix/etc/
    #编写文件，存放登录数据库的账号
    [root@agent etc]# cat > .my.cnf << EOF
    > [client]
    > host=192.168.20.3
    > user=test
    > password=123.com
    > socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
    > EOF
    #修改MySQL监控脚本
    [root@agent ~]# cd /usr/local/zabbix/etc/zabbix_agentd.conf.d
    [root@agent zabbix_agentd.conf.d]# sed -i 's/mysql -N/\/usr\/local\/bin\/mysql -N/g' userparameter_mysql.conf 
    [root@agent zabbix_agentd.conf.d]# sed -i 's/mysql -V/\/usr\/local\/bin\/mysql -V/g' userparameter_mysql.conf 
    [root@agent zabbix_agentd.conf.d]# sed -i 's/mysqladmin ping/\/usr\/local\/bin\/mysqladmin ping/g' userparameter_mysql.conf 
    [root@agent zabbix_agentd.conf.d]# sed -i 's/HOME=\/var\/lib\/zabbix/HOME=\/usr\/local\/zabbix\/etc\//g' userparameter_mysql.conf 
    #重启agent服务，使更改生效
    [root@agent zabbix_agentd.conf.d]# /etc/init.d/zabbix_agentd restart
    #授权数据库用户
    [root@agent ~]# mysql -uroot -p123   
    mysql> grant all on *.* to test@'192.168.20.%' identified by '123.comm';

#### Zabbix-servre端测试是否可以采集到agent端的MySQL状态： ####

[root@zabbix logs]# zabbix_get -s 192.168.20.3 -p 10050 -k "mysql.status[Uptime]"
    728
    #在server端执行上述命令可以看到的数字，就是数据库相关的状态

**回到Zabbix的web页面，添加MySQL数据库监控模板**

![Zabbix监控客户端及实现邮件、微信报警][Zabbix 7]

**选择MySQL模板：**

![Zabbix监控客户端及实现邮件、微信报警][Zabbix 8]

![Zabbix监控客户端及实现邮件、微信报警][Zabbix 9]

**查看添加的MySQL监控信息（若没有信息，则需要稍等一会）：**

![Zabbix监控客户端及实现邮件、微信报警][Zabbix 10]

## 四、配置邮件报警 ##

**以下所有操作需要在Zabbix server端配置**

[root@zabbix ~]# yum -y install perl-Net-SSLeay perl-IO-Socket-SSL
    [root@zabbix ~]# tar zxf sendEmail-v1.56.tar.gz -C /usr/src/
    [root@zabbix ~]# cp /usr/src/sendEmail-v1.56/sendEmail /usr/local/bin/
    [root@zabbix ~]# chown zabbix:zabbix /usr/local/bin/sendEmail 
    [root@zabbix ~]# vim /usr/local/bin/sendEmail 
            if (! IO::Socket::SSL->start_SSL($SERVER)) {
    #跳转到1906行，修改如上，然后保存退出

在进行接下来的操作前，需要有自己邮箱的授权码，这里以QQ为例（163或者新浪都可以）。

![Zabbix监控客户端及实现邮件、微信报警][Zabbix 11]

![Zabbix监控客户端及实现邮件、微信报警][Zabbix 12]

**根据提示发送信息：**

![Zabbix监控客户端及实现邮件、微信报警][Zabbix 13]

**需要的就是以下授权码：**

![Zabbix监控客户端及实现邮件、微信报警][Zabbix 14]

#Zabbix  Server上编写邮件报警脚本
    [root@zabbix alertscripts]# pwd    #所有脚本必须在该目录下
    /usr/local/zabbix/share/zabbix/alertscripts
    [root@zabbix alertscripts]# vim SendEmail.sh     #脚本如下：
    #!/bin/bash
    to=$1
    subject=$2
    body=$3/usr/local/bin/sendEmail -o tls=auto -f 916551516@qq.com -t "$to" -s smtp.qq.com -u "$subject" -o message-content-type=html -o message-charset=utf8 -xu 916551516@qq.com -xp xphunzguzeibdag -m "$body"
    #各项解释如下：
    # /usr/local/bin/sendEmail：命令主程序；
    # -f from@126.com ：发件人邮箱
    # -t to@126.com ：收件人邮箱
    # -s smtp.126.com ：发件人邮箱的 smtp 服务器
    # -u "我是邮件主题" ：邮件的标题 
    #-o message-content-type=html：邮件内容的格式,html 表示它是 html 格式
    # -o message-charset=utf8：邮件内容编码
    # -xu from@126.com：发件人邮箱的用户名
    # -xp WEE78@12l$ #发件人邮箱授权码（就是我刚刚生成的那个授权码）
    # -m "我是邮件内容" ：邮件的具体内容
    #测试是否可以成功发送邮件
    [root@zabbix alertscripts]# chmod +x SendEmail.sh     #给与脚本执行权限
    [root@zabbix logs]# sh SendEmail.sh 916551516@qq.com test 123456
    Nov 09 22:17:55 zabbix sendEmail[9970]: Email was sent successfully!

我收到的邮件如下：

![Zabbix监控客户端及实现邮件、微信报警][Zabbix 15]

### 回到web界面，添加报警媒介 ###

![Zabbix监控客户端及实现邮件、微信报警][Zabbix 16]

![Zabbix监控客户端及实现邮件、微信报警][Zabbix 17]

**确认已添加报警媒介：**

![Zabbix监控客户端及实现邮件、微信报警][Zabbix 18]

### 将报警媒介关联到用户 ###

![Zabbix监控客户端及实现邮件、微信报警][Zabbix 19]

![Zabbix监控客户端及实现邮件、微信报警][Zabbix 20]

![Zabbix监控客户端及实现邮件、微信报警][Zabbix 21]

![Zabbix监控客户端及实现邮件、微信报警][Zabbix 22]

### 创建一个触发动作 ###

![Zabbix监控客户端及实现邮件、微信报警][Zabbix 23]

![Zabbix监控客户端及实现邮件、微信报警][Zabbix 24]

![Zabbix监控客户端及实现邮件、微信报警][Zabbix 25]

![Zabbix监控客户端及实现邮件、微信报警][Zabbix 26]

### 设置“恢复操作” ###

配置当故障恢复后执行的操作：

![Zabbix监控客户端及实现邮件、微信报警][Zabbix 27]

![Zabbix监控客户端及实现邮件、微信报警][Zabbix 28]

### 配置触发器 ###

![Zabbix监控客户端及实现邮件、微信报警][Zabbix 29]

![Zabbix监控客户端及实现邮件、微信报警][Zabbix 30]

![Zabbix监控客户端及实现邮件、微信报警][Zabbix 31]

确定可以看到我们配置的触发器：

![Zabbix监控客户端及实现邮件、微信报警][Zabbix 32]

### 报警测试： ###

将agent端服务器的zabbix\_agent进程关闭，邮箱可以收到邮件则表示配置正确。

#在agent服务器进行以下操作
    [root@agent ~]# /etc/init.d/zabbix_agentd stop    #关闭agent进程

至此，即可收到报警邮件如下：

![Zabbix监控客户端及实现邮件、微信报警][Zabbix 33]

### 五、配置企业微信报警 ###

网页搜索企业微信并登陆到企业微信并且自行注册，然后进行以下操作：

#### 创建应用： ####

![Zabbix监控客户端及实现邮件、微信报警][Zabbix 34]

![Zabbix监控客户端及实现邮件、微信报警][Zabbix 35]  
应用程序创建成功后，会显示应用信息，如下：  
![Zabbix监控客户端及实现邮件、微信报警][Zabbix 36]

在上面重点记录下此应用的Agent和Secret，以便后面配置中使用。

**查看企业ID、部门ID、用户账号等信息：**

企业ID：

![Zabbix监控客户端及实现邮件、微信报警][Zabbix 37]

部门ID：  
![Zabbix监控客户端及实现邮件、微信报警][Zabbix 38]

用户账号：

![Zabbix监控客户端及实现邮件、微信报警][Zabbix 39]

以上查看的信息，以后都要用到。

#### Zabbix server上获取微信报警脚本。 ####

[root@zabbix alertscripts]# pwd
    /usr/local/zabbix/share/zabbix/alertscripts
    [root@zabbix alertscripts]# wget https://www.ixdba.net/zabbix/weixin_linux_amd64
    #若上面的地址失效，也可从博文开头的网盘链接中获取
    [root@zabbix alertscripts]# mv weixin_linux_amd64 weixin   #更改名称
    [root@zabbix alertscripts]# chmod 755 weixin    #赋予执行权限
    [root@zabbix alertscripts]# echo "AlertScriptsPath=/usr/local/zabbix/share/zabbix/alertscripts" >> /usr/local/zabbix/etc/zabbix_server.conf
    #向Zabbix主配置文件中追加上述内容
    #测试这个脚本是否可用，执行下面的命令（需要修改相应的值）：
    [root@zabbix alertscripts]# ./weixin --corpid=ww829ec5c69739bbee --corpsecret=n0CcdnCzqQHUlJSdPC8C_VDr4XXzizK2sjDMUkng0b0 --msg="微信告警测试" --user=LvJianZhao --agentid=1000004
    {"errcode":0,"errmsg":"ok","invaliduser":""}
    #需要修改的内容如下：
    # corpid=企业号里面的企业ID；
    # corpsecret：这里就是我们自建应用里面的Secret的ID；
    # agentid：我们自建应用里面的AgentId；
    # msg：要发送的消息内容；
    # user：我们接受消息的用户账号，注意是在微信企业号里面成员详情页的账号；

执行完毕后，没有报错的话，那么我们就可以在企业微信号上收到了这条命令的告警信息了，如下：

![Zabbix监控客户端及实现邮件、微信报警][Zabbix 40]

### 登陆到web界面，创建微信报警媒介 ###

![Zabbix监控客户端及实现邮件、微信报警][Zabbix 41]  
![Zabbix监控客户端及实现邮件、微信报警][Zabbix 42]

关联到Zabbix管理用户：  
![Zabbix监控客户端及实现邮件、微信报警][Zabbix 43]  
![Zabbix监控客户端及实现邮件、微信报警][Zabbix 44]

![Zabbix监控客户端及实现邮件、微信报警][Zabbix 45]

注意上面的收件人设置，这个收件人就是在微信企业号后台中，通讯录下面的成员详情看到的账号，一定不要写错了。

确定已经添加：

![Zabbix监控客户端及实现邮件、微信报警][Zabbix 46]

### 配置动作 ###

![Zabbix监控客户端及实现邮件、微信报警][Zabbix 47]

![Zabbix监控客户端及实现邮件、微信报警][Zabbix 48]

![Zabbix监控客户端及实现邮件、微信报警][Zabbix 49]  
**上述填写的内容，可从下面复制：**

服务器:{HOST.NAME}发生：{TRIGGER.NAME}故障
    
    告警主机:{HOST.NAME}
    告警地址:{HOST.IP}
    监控项目:{ITEM.NAME}
    监控取值:{ITEM.LASTVALUE}
    告警等级:{TRIGGER.SEVERITY}
    当前状态:{TRIGGER.STATUS}
    告警信息:{TRIGGER.NAME}
    告警时间:{EVENT.DATE} {EVENT.TIME}
    事件ID:{EVENT.ID}

![Zabbix监控客户端及实现邮件、微信报警][Zabbix 50]

添加后如下：

![Zabbix监控客户端及实现邮件、微信报警][Zabbix 51]

**配置恢复操作：**

![Zabbix监控客户端及实现邮件、微信报警][Zabbix 52]

以上添加的内容，可以从下面复制：

服务器:{HOST.NAME}：{TRIGGER.NAME}故障已恢复
    
    告警主机:{HOST.NAME}
    告警地址:{HOST.IP}
    监控项目:{ITEM.NAME}
    监控取值:{ITEM.LASTVALUE}
    告警等级:{TRIGGER.SEVERITY}
    当前状态:{TRIGGER.STATUS}
    告警信息:{TRIGGER.NAME}
    告警时间:{EVENT.DATE}{EVENT.TIME}
    恢复时间:{EVENT.RECOVERY.DATE} {EVENT.RECOVERY.TIME}
    持续时间:{EVENT.AGE}
    事件ID:{EVENT.ID}

确定无误后，点击添加：

![Zabbix监控客户端及实现邮件、微信报警][Zabbix 53]

至此，微信告警整合Zabbix就配置完成了，如下：

![Zabbix监控客户端及实现邮件、微信报警][Zabbix 54]

## 测试微信告警功能： ##

#在agent进行以下操作，以便模拟故障
    [root@agent ~]# /etc/init.d/zabbix_agentd stop

关闭agent端后，稍后企业微信端（邮箱也会收到）即可收到以下信息：

![Zabbix监控客户端及实现邮件、微信报警][Zabbix 55]

#启动agent端，测试恢复操作：
    [root@agent ~]# /etc/init.d/zabbix_agentd start

企业微信收到的信息如下：

![Zabbix监控客户端及实现邮件、微信报警][Zabbix 56]

[zabbix]: https://blog.51cto.com/14154700/2448640
[Zabbix]: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1BSBUHYcSUbEqDReteDhVfQ
[Zabbix 1]: https://s1.51cto.com/images/blog/201911/09/6a2b776dca02aafc66f5fd0b390c5ab5.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,size_16,text_QDUxQ1RP5Y2a5a6i,color_FFFFFF,t_100,g_se,x_10,y_10,shadow_90,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk=
[Zabbix 2]: https://s1.51cto.com/images/blog/201911/09/65474febb1516739ba3f63f8fa5adf94.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,size_16,text_QDUxQ1RP5Y2a5a6i,color_FFFFFF,t_100,g_se,x_10,y_10,shadow_90,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk=
[Zabbix 3]: https://s1.51cto.com/images/blog/201911/09/c5732dc4b820d800a3844b7ff5917a34.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,size_16,text_QDUxQ1RP5Y2a5a6i,color_FFFFFF,t_100,g_se,x_10,y_10,shadow_90,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk=
[Zabbix 4]: https://s1.51cto.com/images/blog/201911/09/f4a3696f7cd739461bc3ae50d72a749d.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,size_16,text_QDUxQ1RP5Y2a5a6i,color_FFFFFF,t_100,g_se,x_10,y_10,shadow_90,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk=
[Zabbix 5]: https://s1.51cto.com/images/blog/201911/09/ce4ef836b407f05c8f6f56be32af7845.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,size_16,text_QDUxQ1RP5Y2a5a6i,color_FFFFFF,t_100,g_se,x_10,y_10,shadow_90,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk=
[Zabbix 6]: https://s1.51cto.com/images/blog/201911/09/620a0095d3136ae4d790b406fee8c666.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,size_16,text_QDUxQ1RP5Y2a5a6i,color_FFFFFF,t_100,g_se,x_10,y_10,shadow_90,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk=
[Zabbix 7]: https://s1.51cto.com/images/blog/201911/09/38acabe2f4be35630ef97c48779a9ff8.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,size_16,text_QDUxQ1RP5Y2a5a6i,color_FFFFFF,t_100,g_se,x_10,y_10,shadow_90,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk=
[Zabbix 8]: https://s1.51cto.com/images/blog/201911/09/d7bc7c6ea82158dbbbf6a3725b877424.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,size_16,text_QDUxQ1RP5Y2a5a6i,color_FFFFFF,t_100,g_se,x_10,y_10,shadow_90,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk=
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