磁盘管理——小实验

野性酷女 2023-05-30 08:43 2阅读 0赞

## 一 实验要求 ##

1.保证数据的安全，任何一块磁盘坏掉不影响数据丢失，还要考虑IO性能

2.划分两个单独的磁盘分区/web和/data

3.可以动态地扩展分区的大小

## 二 实现功能 ##

### 第一步 对磁盘进行分区 ###

[root@serv01 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
    [root@serv01 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdc
    [root@serv01 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdd
    [root@serv01 ~]# fdisk /dev/sde

### 第二步 制作RAID5硬盘 ###

[root@serv01 ~]# mdadm -C /dev/md5 -l 5 -n3 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1
    mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata
    mdadm: array /dev/md0 started.
    [root@serv01 ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/md5
    mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
    Filesystem label=
    OS type: Linux
    Block size=4096 (log=2)
    Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
    Stride=128 blocks, Stripe width=256 blocks
    262144 inodes, 1047552 blocks
    52377 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the superuser
    First data block=0
    Maximum filesystem blocks=1073741824
    32 block groups
    32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments pergroup
    8192 inodes per group
    Superblock backups stored on blocks:
           32768,98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736
     
    Writing inode tables: done                           
    Creating journal (16384 blocks): done
    Writing superblocks and filesystemaccounting information: done
     
    This filesystem will be automaticallychecked every 27 mounts or
    180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

### 第三步 创建物理卷 ###

[root@serv01 ~]# pvcreate /dev/md5
     Physical volume "/dev/md5" successfully created

### 第四步 创建卷组 ###

[root@serv01 ~]# vgcreate myvg /dev/md5
     Volume group "myvg" successfully created

### 第五步 创建逻辑卷 ###

#创建逻辑卷mylv01
    [root@serv01 ~]#  lvcreate -L 1000M -n mylv01 myvg
     Logical volume "mylv01" created
    #创建逻辑卷mylv02
    [root@serv01 ~]#  lvcreate -L 1000M -n mylv02 myvg
     Logical volume "mylv02" created

### 第六步 创建相关目录和配置文件 ###

#创建mdadm.conf文件
    [root@serv01 ~]# mdadm --detail --scan >/etc/mdadm.conf
    #创建/web目录
    [root@serv01 ~]# mkdir /web
    #创建/data目录
    [root@serv01 ~]# mkdir /data
    #将挂载信息写到fstab文件中
    [root@serv01 ~]# echo"/dev/myvg/mylv01 /web ext4 defaults 1 2" >> /etc/fstab
    [root@serv01 ~]# echo"/dev/myvg/mylv02 /data ext4 defaults 1 2" >> /etc/fstab
    [root@serv01 ~]# tail -n 2 /etc/fstab
    /dev/myvg/mylv01 /web ext4 defaults 1 2
    /dev/myvg/mylv02 /data ext4 defaults 1 2

### 第七步 格式化硬盘 ###

#格式化mylv01
    [root@serv01 ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/myvg/mylv01
    mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
    Filesystem label=
    OS type: Linux
    Block size=4096 (log=2)
    Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
    Stride=128 blocks, Stripe width=256 blocks
    64000 inodes, 256000 blocks
    12800 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the superuser
    First data block=0
    Maximum filesystem blocks=264241152
    8 block groups
    32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments pergroup
    8000 inodes per group
    Superblock backups stored on blocks:
           32768,98304, 163840, 229376
     
    Writing inode tables: done                           
    Creating journal (4096 blocks): done
    Writing superblocks and filesystemaccounting information: done
     
    This filesystem will be automaticallychecked every 28 mounts or
    180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
     
    #格式化mylv02
    [root@serv01 ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/myvg/mylv02
    mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
    Filesystem label=
    OS type: Linux
    Block size=4096 (log=2)
    Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
    Stride=128 blocks, Stripe width=256 blocks
    64000 inodes, 256000 blocks
    12800 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the superuser
    First data block=0
    Maximum filesystem blocks=264241152
    8 block groups
    32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments pergroup
    8000 inodes per group
    Superblock backups stored on blocks:
           32768,98304, 163840, 229376
     
    Writing inode tables: done                           
    Creating journal (4096 blocks): done
    Writing superblocks and filesystemaccounting information: done
     
    This filesystem will be automaticallychecked every 24 mounts or
    180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

### 第八步 挂载 ###

#挂载web
    [root@serv01 ~]# mount /dev/myvg/mylv01/web
    #挂载data
    [root@serv01 ~]# mount /dev/myvg/mylv02/data
    #查看磁盘信息
    [root@serv01 ~]# df -h
    Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
    /dev/sda2             9.7G  1.1G 8.1G  12% /
    tmpfs                 188M     0 188M   0% /dev/shm
    /dev/sda1             194M   25M 160M  14% /boot
    /dev/sda5             4.0G  137M 3.7G   4% /opt
    /dev/sr0              3.4G  3.4G    0 100% /iso
    /dev/mapper/myvg-mylv01
                          985M   18M 918M   2% /web
    /dev/mapper/myvg-mylv02
                          985M   18M 918M   2% /data

### 第九步 模拟硬盘坏掉 ###

#拷贝文件到web目录
    [root@serv01 ~]# cp /boot/* /web/
    #查看RAID5的详细信息
    [root@serv01 ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md5
    /dev/md5:
           Version : 1.2
     Creation Time : Fri Aug  200:35:07 2013
        Raid Level : raid5
        Array Size : 4190208 (4.00 GiB 4.29 GB)
     Used Dev Size : 2095104 (2046.34 MiB 2145.39 MB)
      Raid Devices : 3
     Total Devices : 3
       Persistence : Superblock is persistent
     
       Update Time : Fri Aug  2 00:46:462013
             State : clean
     Active Devices : 3
    Working Devices : 3
     Failed Devices : 0
     Spare Devices : 0
     
            Layout : left-symmetric
        Chunk Size : 512K
     
              Name : serv01.host.com:5  (local to host serv01.host.com)
              UUID : 97c47faa:972aba90:2248d692:b7fc2b6f
            Events : 22
     
       Number   Major   Minor  RaidDevice State
          0       8       17       0      active sync   /dev/sdb1
          1       8       33       1      active sync   /dev/sdc1
          3       8       49       2      active sync   /dev/sdd1
    #清除/dev/sdb，o
    [root@serv01 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
    [root@serv01 ~]# ls /web/
    config-2.6.32-131.0.15.el6.x86_64         lost+found                             System.map-2.6.32-131.0.15.el6.x86_64
    initramfs-2.6.32-131.0.15.el6.x86_64.img  symvers-2.6.32-131.0.15.el6.x86_64.gz  vmlinuz-2.6.32-131.0.15.el6.x86_64
    #再次查看，发现/dev/sdb被标记为removed
    [root@serv01~]# mdadm -D /dev/md5
    /dev/md5:
           Version : 1.2
     Creation Time : Fri Aug  200:35:07 2013
        Raid Level : raid5
        Array Size : 4190208 (4.00 GiB 4.29 GB)
     Used Dev Size : 2095104 (2046.34 MiB 2145.39 MB)
      Raid Devices : 3
     Total Devices : 2
       Persistence : Superblock is persistent
     
       Update Time : Fri Aug  2 00:48:192013
             State : clean, degraded
     Active Devices : 2
    Working Devices : 2
     Failed Devices : 0
     Spare Devices : 0
     
            Layout : left-symmetric
        Chunk Size : 512K
     
              Name : serv01.host.com:5  (localto host serv01.host.com)
              UUID : 97c47faa:972aba90:2248d692:b7fc2b6f
            Events : 30
     
       Number   Major   Minor  RaidDevice State
          0       0        0       0      removed
          1       8       33       1      active sync   /dev/sdc1
          3       8       49       2      active sync   /dev/sdd1

### 第十步 添加硬盘 ###

#添加/dev/sde1磁盘
    [root@serv01 ~]# mdadm --manage /dev/md5--add /dev/sde1
    mdadm: added /dev/sde1
    #再次查看，发现/dev/sde被标记为active
    [root@serv01 ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md5
    /dev/md5:
           Version : 1.2
     Creation Time : Fri Aug  200:35:07 2013
        Raid Level : raid5
        Array Size : 4190208 (4.00 GiB 4.29 GB)
     Used Dev Size : 2095104 (2046.34 MiB 2145.39 MB)
      Raid Devices : 3
      TotalDevices : 3
       Persistence : Superblock is persistent
     
       Update Time : Fri Aug  2 00:49:192013
             State : clean
     Active Devices : 3
    Working Devices : 3
     Failed Devices : 0
     Spare Devices : 0
     
            Layout : left-symmetric
        Chunk Size : 512K
     
              Name : serv01.host.com:5  (localto host serv01.host.com)
              UUID : 97c47faa:972aba90:2248d692:b7fc2b6f
            Events : 51
     
       Number   Major   Minor  RaidDevice State
          4       8       65       0      active sync   /dev/sde1
          1       8       33       1      active sync   /dev/sdc1
          3       8       49       2      active sync   /dev/sdd1
    #查看RAID信息
    [root@serv01 ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
    Personalities : [raid6] [raid5] [raid4]
    md5 : active raid5 sde1[4] sdc1[1] sdd1[3]
         4190208 blocks super 1.2 level 5, 512k chunk, algorithm 2 [3/3] [UUU]
         
    unused devices: <none>

### 第十一步 增加逻辑卷 ###

#可以增加逻辑卷的大小
    [root@serv01 ~]# lvextend -L +1G/dev/myvg/mylv01
     Extending logical volume mylv01 to 1.98 GiB
     Logical volume mylv01 successfully resized
    #让增加的操作生效
    [root@serv01 ~]# resize2fs /dev/myvg/mylv01
    resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
    Filesystem at /dev/myvg/mylv01 is mountedon /web; on-line resizing required
    old desc_blocks = 1, new_desc_blocks = 1
    Performing an on-line resize of/dev/myvg/mylv01 to 518144 (4k) blocks.
    The filesystem on /dev/myvg/mylv01 is now518144 blocks long.
    #再次查看，发现磁盘空间变大
    [root@serv01 ~]# df -h
    Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
    /dev/sda2             9.7G  1.1G 8.1G  12% /
    tmpfs                 188M     0 188M   0% /dev/shm
    /dev/sda1             194M   25M 160M  14% /boot
    /dev/sda5             4.0G  137M 3.7G   4% /opt
    /dev/mapper/myvg-mylv01
                          2.0G   36M 1.9G   2% /web
    /dev/mapper/myvg-mylv02
                          985M   18M 918M   2% /data
    /dev/sr0              3.4G  3.4G    0 100% /iso
          
    #再添加一块硬盘
    [root@serv01 ~]# mdadm --manage /dev/md5--add /dev/sdf1
    mdadm: added /dev/sdf1
    [root@serv01 ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md5
    /dev/md5:
           Version : 1.2
     Creation Time : Fri Aug  200:35:07 2013
        Raid Level : raid5
        Array Size : 4190208 (4.00 GiB 4.29 GB)
     Used Dev Size : 2095104 (2046.34 MiB 2145.39 MB)
      Raid Devices : 3
     Total Devices : 4
       Persistence : Superblock is persistent
     
       Update Time : Fri Aug  2 00:56:132013
             State : clean
     Active Devices : 3
    Working Devices : 4
     Failed Devices : 0
     Spare Devices : 1
     
            Layout : left-symmetric
        Chunk Size : 512K
     
              Name : serv01.host.com:5  (localto host serv01.host.com)
              UUID : 97c47faa:972aba90:2248d692:b7fc2b6f
            Events : 52
     
       Number   Major   Minor  RaidDevice State
          4       8       65       0      active sync   /dev/sde1
           1      8       33        1     active sync   /dev/sdc1
          3       8       49       2      active sync   /dev/sdd1
     
          5       8       81       -      spare   /dev/sdf1
    #让添加的硬盘生效
    [root@serv01 ~]# mdadm --grow /dev/md5—raid-device=4
     
    [root@serv01 ~]# pvdisplay
      ---Physical volume ---
      PVName               /dev/md5
      VGName               myvg
      PVSize               4.00 GiB / not usable4.00 MiB
     Allocatable           yes
      PESize               4.00 MiB
     Total PE              1022
     Free PE               266
     Allocated PE          756
      PVUUID              uZoEve-F3Dr-KSBL-tXpA-ZtX5-9ZPM-64uv06
     
     
    #让物理卷的大小同步
    [root@serv01 ~]# pvresize /dev/md5
     Physical volume "/dev/md5" changed
      1physical volume(s) resized / 0 physical volume(s) not resized
    [root@serv01 ~]# pvdisplay
      ---Physical volume ---
      PVName               /dev/md5
      VGName               myvg
      PVSize               5.99 GiB / not usable0  
     Allocatable           yes
      PESize               4.00 MiB
     Total PE              1534
     Free PE               778
     Allocated PE          756
      PVUUID              uZoEve-F3Dr-KSBL-tXpA-ZtX5-9ZPM-64uv06
     
    #可以监控文件的变化
    [root@serv01 ~]# watch cat /proc/mdstat

## 三 相关文章 ##

*  [磁盘管理——RAID 0][RAID 0]
 *  [磁盘管理——RAID 1][RAID 1]
 *  [磁盘管理——RAID 10][RAID 10]
 *  [磁盘管理——RAID 5][RAID 5]
 *  [磁盘管理——RAID 6][RAID 6]
 *  [磁盘管理——LVM][LVM]

>     我的邮箱：wgbno27@163.com   新浪微博：@Wentasy27         
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>       Oracle交流讨论组：https://groups.google.com/d/forum/justoracle
>       By Larry Wen

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[RAID 0]: http://blog.csdn.net/justdb/article/details/9874181
[RAID 1]: http://blog.csdn.net/justdb/article/details/9896363
[RAID 10]: http://blog.csdn.net/justdb/article/details/10040697
[RAID 5]: http://blog.csdn.net/justdb/article/details/10041113
[RAID 6]: http://blog.csdn.net/justdb/article/details/10296089
[LVM]: http://blog.csdn.net/justdb/article/details/10296697