linux磁盘管理：磁盘分区，静态磁盘，动态磁盘

你的名字 2024-04-18 19:23 78阅读 0赞

# 磁盘挂载分析： 查看挂载明细 #

#part表示分区， disk表示硬盘
    [root@cent6 ~]# lsblk 
    NAME                        MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
    sr0                          11:0    1  1024M  0 rom  
    sda                           8:0    0   180G  0 disk 
    ├─sda1                        8:1    0   500M  0 part /boot
    └─sda2                        8:2    0 179.5G  0 part 
      ├─vg_cent6-lv_root (dm-0) 253:0    0    50G  0 lvm  /
      ├─vg_cent6-lv_swap (dm-1) 253:1    0   7.9G  0 lvm  [SWAP]
      └─vg_cent6-lv_home (dm-2) 253:2    0 121.7G  0 lvm  /home
    sdb                           8:16   0     8G  0 disk 
    ├─sdb1                        8:17   0 509.9M  0 part 
    │ └─vg1-vg1_lv1 (dm-3)      253:3    0    32M  0 lvm  /a
    ├─sdb2                        8:18   0   604M  0 part 
    ├─sdb3                        8:19   0 109.8M  0 part 
    ├─sdb4                        8:20   0     1K  0 part 
    ├─sdb5                        8:21   0 407.9M  0 part 
    ├─sdb6                        8:22   0 407.9M  0 part 
    ├─sdb7                        8:23   0 109.8M  0 part 
    ├─sdb8                        8:24   0  15.7M  0 part 
    ├─sdb9                        8:25   0  15.7M  0 part 
    └─sdb10                       8:26   0   7.8M  0 part 
    sdc                           8:32   0     8G  0 disk 
    ├─sdc1                        8:33   0 953.7M  0 part 
    ├─sdc2                        8:34   0   953M  0 part 
    ├─sdc3                        8:35   0   954M  0 part /sdc3
    ├─sdc4                        8:36   0   953M  0 part /sdc4
    └─sdc5                        8:37   0   954M  0 part 
    
    #查看分区uuid, 分区文件系统类型
    [root@cent6 ~]# blkid 
    /dev/sda1: UUID="dccf7054-379e-4a4a-b486-092ca39b4f88" TYPE="ext4" 
    /dev/sda2: UUID="RwgiPZ-DkI8-S5lP-cMKc-OPWu-qmFQ-hDI7PP" TYPE="LVM2_member" 
    /dev/mapper/vg_cent6-lv_root: UUID="e689e06d-af32-448f-baf8-6e3e11db6ecc" TYPE="ext4" 
    /dev/mapper/vg_cent6-lv_swap: UUID="f8ee825f-9dc1-4f80-a14b-b2d240d51af0" TYPE="swap" 
    /dev/mapper/vg_cent6-lv_home: UUID="63a64ea4-3185-4581-a36c-9e55b2a3d9a1" TYPE="ext4" 
    	 ###/dev/sdb硬盘是使用fdisk分区的,并且使用lvm统一管理
    /dev/sdb1: UUID="uH94UF-HId9-MO8z-gqdT-OfEj-DqMa-gCbHgz" TYPE="LVM2_member" 
    /dev/sdb2: UUID="trhrMS-hhQR-b5z9-OA2a-1uAH-Hlvs-viitpR" TYPE="LVM2_member" 
    /dev/sdb3: UUID="xrVyCW-pEzC-cBLB-qZ5L-eliz-TvSg-bPk835" TYPE="LVM2_member" 
         ###/dev/sdc硬盘是使用parted分区的
    /dev/sdc1: UUID="ac04cd0e-8beb-45fd-8ec9-19eaa797e009" TYPE="ext4" 
    /dev/sdc2: UUID="69a09870-aefa-495f-97a8-c74b595c1d23" TYPE="ext4" 
    /dev/sdc3: UUID="c68fb56d-0f26-47fc-bacd-bb5feae66275" TYPE="ext3" 
    /dev/sdc4: UUID="706e77b5-40d9-4485-9e6c-20ef5af28eef" TYPE="ext4" 
    /dev/mapper/vg1-vg1_lv1: UUID="3b40cbae-2601-4f51-bd3f-7c3d34627829" TYPE="ext4"

# 1, 常用磁盘分区方式：fdisk,parted #

## a, 分区方式1（ parted分区） ##

分区大小限制：18EB (18*1024PB= 18*1024\*1024TB )

parted /dev/sdc
    1,mklabel gpt
    #格式：mkpart part-type fs-type start end  
    ##part-type分区类型: primary（主分区）, extended（扩展分区）, logical（逻辑分区）。
    ##fs-type文件系统类型： cat /etc/filesystems
    2,mkpart primary ext4 4G 5G   
    3,q
    4, mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdc1
    5,fdisk /dev/sdc #查看分区磁盘,显示System：GPT
       Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
    /dev/sdc1               1        1045     8388607+  ee  GPT
    6, mkdir /aa ; mount /dev/sdc1 /aa

## b, 分区方式2（ fdisk分区） ##

分区大小2T

================= fdisk 分区(4p或者3p+1e{n个逻辑分区})
    #创建主分区1：5步 ;  创建主分区2, 主分区3==>操作与此相同,只是选择的分区号不同
    fdisk /dev/sdb
    1, n
    2, p
    3, Partition number (1-4): 1
    4, 起始柱面（First Cylinder）
    5, 结束柱面+cylinders or +size{K,M,G}（Last  Cylinder）
    
    #创建扩展分区1: 5步
    1, n
    2, e
    3, Partition number (1-4): 4
    4, 起始柱面（First Cylinder）
    5, 结束柱面+cylinders or +size{K,M,G}（Last  Cylinder）
    
    #创建逻辑分区1（分区5）: 3步
    1, n
    2, 起始柱面（First Cylinder）
    3, 结束柱面+cylinders or +size{K,M,G}（Last  Cylinder）
    
    #把分区信息汇总写入硬盘
    1, w
    
    # 格式化分区: 1-3,5-n
    1, mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1; mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb5
    2, mkdir /aa ; mount /dev/sdb1 /aa
    
    [root@cent6 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
    Command (m for help): p
    Disk /dev/sdb: 8589 MB, 8589934592 bytes
    255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1044 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
    Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    Disk identifier: 0x8befbd0f
       Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
    /dev/sdb1               1          65      522081   83  Linux
    /dev/sdb2              66         142      618502+  83  Linux
    /dev/sdb3             143         156      112455   83  Linux
    /dev/sdb4             157        1044     7132860    5  Extended
    /dev/sdb5             157         208      417658+  83  Linux

# 2, 静态磁盘管理 #

1, 添加磁盘
    2, 创建分区
    3, 格式化分区，挂载到指定目录
    [root@cent6 ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb5
    ....
    Writing inode tables: done                            
    Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
    Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
    This filesystem will be automatically checked every 20 mounts or
    180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
    [root@cent6 ~]# mkdir /sdb5 ; mount /dev/sdb5  /sdb5
    [root@cent6 ~]# mkdir /sdc4 ; mount /dev/sdc4  /sdc4
    [root@cent6 ~]# df -h
    Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
    /dev/mapper/vg_cent6-lv_root
                           50G  736M   46G   2% /
    tmpfs                 1.1G     0  1.1G   0% /dev/shm
    /dev/sda1             477M   28M  424M   7% /boot
    /dev/mapper/vg_cent6-lv_home
                          120G   60M  114G   1% /home
    /dev/sdc4             922M  1.2M  874M   1% /sdc4
    /dev/sdb5             387M  2.3M  365M   1% /sdb5

# 3, 动态磁盘管理VM： Logical Volume Manager #

*  创建顺序： pv1+pv2… = vg1 = lv1 + lv2 …  
    引用一篇文章：[详细介绍pv,vg,lv的概念][pv_vg_lv]
 *  删除顺序： 删除lv1,lv2… - - -> 删除vg1 - - -> 删除pv1,pv2…  
    引用一篇文章：[具体操作：从lvm中删除一块磁盘 ][lvm_]
 *  lvm中：同一个vg中，不同磁盘(pv)的数据迁移: 每隔1s显示进度  
    pvmove /dev/vg1/lv1 /dev/vg1/lv2 -i 1

1, 添加磁盘
    2, 创建分区
    3, 创建pv,vg --> lv : 查看命令vgs, pvs, lvs
    [root@cent6 ~]# vgcreate vg1 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdb2 /dev/sdb3 
      Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created
      Physical volume "/dev/sdb2" successfully created
      Physical volume "/dev/sdb3" successfully created
    
    [root@cent6 ~]# lvcreate -L 30M -n vg1_lv1  vg1
      Rounding up size to full physical extent 32.00 MiB
      Logical volume "vg1_lv1" created.
    
    4, 格式化lv --->挂载lv
    [root@cent6 ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/vg1/vg1_lv1 
    ...
    Writing inode tables: done                            
    Creating journal (4096 blocks): done
    Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
    This filesystem will be automatically checked every 27 mounts or
    180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
      
    [root@cent6 ~]# mkdir /a ; mount /dev/vg1/vg1_lv1 /a
    [root@cent6 ~]# df -h
    Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
    /dev/mapper/vg_cent6-lv_root
                           50G  736M   46G   2% /
    tmpfs                 1.1G     0  1.1G   0% /dev/shm
    /dev/sda1             477M   28M  424M   7% /boot
    /dev/mapper/vg_cent6-lv_home
                          120G   60M  114G   1% /home
    /dev/mapper/vg1-vg1_lv1
                           27M  395K   25M   2% /a

[pv_vg_lv]: https://blog.csdn.net/shardy0/article/details/86239616
[lvm_]: https://blog.51cto.com/net881004/2156100