Android okhttp3的使用

谁践踏了优雅 2023-02-22 08:23 14阅读 0赞

1、在模块中下载或者添加依赖：

implementation 'com.squareup.okhttp3:okhttp:4.7.2'

当你看到这的时候，可能最新的稳定版已经不是`3.10.0`了，你需要移步官方GitHub来查看最新版本。 [官方地址 https://github.com/square/okhttp][https_github.com_square_okhttp]，另外不要忘了在清单文件声明访问Internet的权限，如果使用 `DiskLruCache`，那还得声明写外存的权限。

2、okhttp使用

a、异步GET请求

\-new OkHttpClient;  
\-构造Request对象；  
\-通过前两步中的对象构建Call对象；  
\-通过Call\#enqueue(Callback)方法来提交异步请求；

String url = "http://wwww.baidu.com";
    OkHttpClient okHttpClient = new OkHttpClient();
    final Request request = new Request.Builder()
            .url(url)
            .get()//默认就是GET请求，可以不写
            .build();
    Call call = okHttpClient.newCall(request);
    call.enqueue(new Callback() {
        @Override
        public void onFailure(Call call, IOException e) {
            Log.d(TAG, "onFailure: ");
        }
    
        @Override
        public void onResponse(Call call, Response response) throws IOException {
            Log.d(TAG, "onResponse: " + response.body().string());
        }
    });

b、同步GET请求

前面几个步骤和异步方式一样，只是最后一部是通过 `Call#execute()` 来提交请求，注意这种方式会阻塞调用线程，所以在Android中应放在子线程中执行，否则有可能引起ANR异常，`Android3.0` 以后已经不允许在主线程访问网络。

String url = "http://wwww.baidu.com";
    OkHttpClient okHttpClient = new OkHttpClient();
    final Request request = new Request.Builder()
            .url(url)
            .build();
    final Call call = okHttpClient.newCall(request);
    new Thread(new Runnable() {
        @Override
        public void run() {
            try {
                Response response = call.execute();
                Log.d(TAG, "run: " + response.body().string());
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }).start();

c、POST方式提交String

这种方式与前面的区别就是在构造Request对象时，需要多构造一个RequestBody对象，用它来携带我们要提交的数据。在构造 `RequestBody` 需要指定`MediaType`，用于描述请求/响应 `body` 的内容类型，关于 `MediaType` 的更多信息可以查看 [RFC 2045][]，RequstBody的几种构造方式：

![format_png][]

MediaType mediaType = MediaType.parse("text/x-markdown; charset=utf-8");
    String requestBody = "I am Jdqm.";
    Request request = new Request.Builder()
            .url("https://api.github.com/markdown/raw")
            .post(RequestBody.create(mediaType, requestBody))
            .build();
    OkHttpClient okHttpClient = new OkHttpClient();
    okHttpClient.newCall(request).enqueue(new Callback() {
        @Override
        public void onFailure(Call call, IOException e) {
            Log.d(TAG, "onFailure: " + e.getMessage());
        }
    
        @Override
        public void onResponse(Call call, Response response) throws IOException {
            Log.d(TAG, response.protocol() + " " +response.code() + " " + response.message());
            Headers headers = response.headers();
            for (int i = 0; i < headers.size(); i++) {
                Log.d(TAG, headers.name(i) + ":" + headers.value(i));
            }
            Log.d(TAG, "onResponse: " + response.body().string());
        }
    });

响应内容

http/1.1 200 OK 
    Date:Sat, 10 Mar 2018 05:23:20 GMT 
    Content-Type:text/html;charset=utf-8
    Content-Length:18
    Server:GitHub.com 
    Status:200 OK 
    X-RateLimit-Limit:60
    X-RateLimit-Remaining:52
    X-RateLimit-Reset:1520661052
    X-CommonMarker-Version:0.17.4
    Access-Control-Expose-Headers:ETag, Link, Retry-After, X-GitHub-OTP, X-RateLimit-Limit, X-RateLimit-Remaining, X-RateLimit-Reset, X-OAuth-Scopes, X-Accepted-OAuth-Scopes, X-Poll-Interval
    
    Access-Control-Allow-Origin:*
    Content-Security-Policy:default-src 'none'
    Strict-Transport-Security:max-age=31536000; includeSubdomains; preload 
    X-Content-Type-Options:nosniff 
    X-Frame-Options:deny 
    X-XSS-Protection:1; mode=block 
    X-Runtime-rack:0.019668
    Vary:Accept-Encoding 
    X-GitHub-Request-Id:1474:20A83:5CC0B6:7A7C1B:5AA36BC8 
    onResponse: <p>I am Jdqm.</p>

d、POST方式提交流

RequestBody requestBody = new RequestBody() {
        @Nullable
        @Override
        public MediaType contentType() {
            return MediaType.parse("text/x-markdown; charset=utf-8");
        }
    
        @Override
        public void writeTo(BufferedSink sink) throws IOException {
            sink.writeUtf8("I am Jdqm.");
        }
    };
    
    Request request = new Request.Builder()
            .url("https://api.github.com/markdown/raw")
            .post(requestBody)
            .build();
    OkHttpClient okHttpClient = new OkHttpClient();
    okHttpClient.newCall(request).enqueue(new Callback() {
        @Override
        public void onFailure(Call call, IOException e) {
            Log.d(TAG, "onFailure: " + e.getMessage());
        }
    
        @Override
        public void onResponse(Call call, Response response) throws IOException {
            Log.d(TAG, response.protocol() + " " +response.code() + " " + response.message());
            Headers headers = response.headers();
            for (int i = 0; i < headers.size(); i++) {
                Log.d(TAG, headers.name(i) + ":" + headers.value(i));
            }
            Log.d(TAG, "onResponse: " + response.body().string());
        }
    });

e、POST提交文件

MediaType mediaType = MediaType.parse("text/x-markdown; charset=utf-8");
    OkHttpClient okHttpClient = new OkHttpClient();
    File file = new File("test.md");
    Request request = new Request.Builder()
            .url("https://api.github.com/markdown/raw")
            .post(RequestBody.create(mediaType, file))
            .build();
    okHttpClient.newCall(request).enqueue(new Callback() {
        @Override
        public void onFailure(Call call, IOException e) {
            Log.d(TAG, "onFailure: " + e.getMessage());
        }
    
        @Override
        public void onResponse(Call call, Response response) throws IOException {
            Log.d(TAG, response.protocol() + " " +response.code() + " " + response.message());
            Headers headers = response.headers();
            for (int i = 0; i < headers.size(); i++) {
                Log.d(TAG, headers.name(i) + ":" + headers.value(i));
            }
            Log.d(TAG, "onResponse: " + response.body().string());
        }
    });

f、POST方式提交表单

OkHttpClient okHttpClient = new OkHttpClient();
    RequestBody requestBody = new FormBody.Builder()
            .add("search", "Jurassic Park")
            .build();
    Request request = new Request.Builder()
            .url("https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php")
            .post(requestBody)
            .build();
    
    okHttpClient.newCall(request).enqueue(new Callback() {
        @Override
        public void onFailure(Call call, IOException e) {
            Log.d(TAG, "onFailure: " + e.getMessage());
        }
    
        @Override
        public void onResponse(Call call, Response response) throws IOException {
            Log.d(TAG, response.protocol() + " " +response.code() + " " + response.message());
            Headers headers = response.headers();
            for (int i = 0; i < headers.size(); i++) {
                Log.d(TAG, headers.name(i) + ":" + headers.value(i));
            }
            Log.d(TAG, "onResponse: " + response.body().string());
        }
    });

提交表单时，使用 `RequestBody` 的实现类`FormBody`来描述请求体，它可以携带一些经过编码的 `key-value` 请求体，键值对存储在下面两个集合中：

private final List<String> encodedNames;
      private final List<String> encodedValues;

3、封装okhttp

a、定义接口OnFunHttpCallBack

public interface OnFunHttpCallBack {
    
    	void onFailure(int errorCode);
    
    	void onSuccess(String url, String result);
    
    }

b、HttpMethod.java

//okhttp3封装
    public class HttpMethod {
    
    	private final static String TAG = HttpMethod.class.getSimpleName();
    	private final static int TIME = 10000;
    	public final static int NETWORK_ACCESS_ERROR = 0x0001;
    	public final static int SERVER_BACK_ERROR = 0x0002;
    	private static HttpMethod m_instance = null;
    	private static OkHttpClient m_okHttpClient = null;
    
    	/**
    	 * 单一实例
    	 */
    	public static HttpMethod getInstance() {
    		if (m_instance == null) {
    			m_instance = new HttpMethod();
    			if (m_okHttpClient == null) {
    				m_okHttpClient = new OkHttpClient();
    				//m_okHttpClient = new OkHttpClient.Builder().connectTimeout(TIME, TimeUnit.SECONDS).readTimeout(TIME, TimeUnit.SECONDS).build();
    			}
    		}
    		return m_instance;
    	}
    
    	private class HttpCallback {
    
    		private String m_strUrl = "";
    		private OnFunHttpCallBack m_back_http = null; //任务的回调函数
    
    		public HttpCallback(String url, OnFunHttpCallBack back) {
    			m_strUrl = url;
    			m_back_http = back;
    		}
    
    		/**
    		 * AsyncHttp的回调函数
    		 */
    		private Callback m_handler = new Callback() {
    
    			@Override
    			public void onResponse(@NotNull Call call, @NotNull Response response) throws IOException {
    				if(response.code() == 200){
    					String result = response.body().string();
    					if(m_back_http != null){
    						m_back_http.onSuccess(m_strUrl, result);
    					}
    					if (response.body()!=null){
    						response.body().close();
    					}
    					Log.i(TAG, "HTTP-Response-Url: " + m_strUrl + "-----" + result);
    				}else{
    					if(m_back_http != null){
    						m_back_http.onFailure(SERVER_BACK_ERROR);
    					}
    					Log.e(TAG, "HTTP-Request-Url: " + m_strUrl + " 服务器错误(Server error) " + response.code());
    				}
    			}
    
    			@Override
    			public void onFailure(@NotNull Call call, @NotNull IOException e) {
    				if(m_back_http != null){
    					m_back_http.onFailure(NETWORK_ACCESS_ERROR);
    				}
    				Log.e(TAG, "HTTP-Request-Url: " + m_strUrl + " 访问失败(Access failed)");
    			}
    		};
    	}
    
    	/**
    	 * 异步GET请求
    	 * 
    	 * @param url
    	 *            发送请求的URL
    	 * @param para
    	 *            请求参数，请求参数应该是name1=value1&name2=value2的形式。
    	 * @return URL所代表远程资源的响应
    	 */
    	public void clientGet(String url, String para, OnFunHttpCallBack back) {
    		Log.i(TAG, "HTTP-Request-Url: " + url + "?" + para);
    		String reqUrl = url;
    		if(para != null && !para.equals("")){
    			reqUrl = url + "?" + para;
    		}
    		//执行get方法
    		Request request = new Request.Builder()
    				.url(reqUrl)
    				.get()//默认就是GET请求，可以不写
    				.build();
    		m_okHttpClient.newCall(request).enqueue(new HttpCallback(url, back).m_handler);
    	}
    
    	/**
    	 * POST方式提交表单
    	 *
    	 * @param url
    	 *            发送请求的URL
    	 * @param para
    	 *            请求参数，请求参数应该是name1=value1&name2=value2的形式。
    	 * @return URL所代表远程资源的响应
    	 */
    	public void clientPost(String url, String para, OnFunHttpCallBack back) {
    		Log.i(TAG, "HTTP-Request-Url: " + url + "?" + para);
    		String[] tmp1 = null;
    		String[] tmp2 = null;
    		int size = 0;
    		//构建表单参数
    		FormBody.Builder requestBuild=new FormBody.Builder();
    		//解析出各个参数
    		if (para != null && !para.equals("")) {
    			tmp1 = para.split("&");
    			size = tmp1.length;
    			for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
    				tmp2 = tmp1[i].split("=");
    				if (tmp2.length != 2) {
    					//return;
    					continue;
    				}
    				//设置请求的参数名和参数值
    				requestBuild.add(tmp2[0], tmp2[1]);
    			}
    		}
    		//执行post方法
    		Request request = new Request.Builder()
    				.url(url)
    				.post(requestBuild.build())
    				.build();
    		m_okHttpClient.newCall(request).enqueue(new HttpCallback(url, back).m_handler);
    	}
    
    	/**
    	 * post文件上传
    	 * 
    	 * @param url
    	 *            url
    	 * @param file
    	 *            文件
    	 * @param back
    	 *            回调接口
    	 */
    	public void upLoad(String url, File file, OnFunHttpCallBack back) {
    		MediaType mediaType = MediaType.parse("text/x-markdown; charset=utf-8");
    		Request request = new Request.Builder()
    				.url(url)
    				.post(RequestBody.create(file, mediaType))
    				.build();
    		m_okHttpClient.newCall(request).enqueue(new HttpCallback(url, back).m_handler);
    	}
    }

c、HttpTask.java

public class HttpTask {
    
    	private String m_strUrl = "";
    	private String m_strPara = "";
    	private File m_file = null;
    	private OnFunHttpCallBack m_back_http = null;// 任务的回调函数
    
    	public HttpTask(String url, String para, OnFunHttpCallBack back) {
            m_strUrl = url;
            m_strPara = para;
            m_back_http = back;
        }
    
        public HttpTask(String url, File file, OnFunHttpCallBack back) {
            m_strUrl = url;
            m_file = file;
            m_back_http = back;
        }
    
    	public void runPost() {
    		HttpMethod.getInstance().clientPost(m_strUrl, m_strPara, m_back_http);
    	}
    
    	public void runGet() {
    		HttpMethod.getInstance().clientGet(m_strUrl, m_strPara, m_back_http);
    	}
    
    	public void upLoad() {
    		HttpMethod.getInstance().upLoad(m_strUrl, m_file, m_back_http);
    	}
    }

[https_github.com_square_okhttp]: https://github.com/square/okhttp
[RFC 2045]: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2045
[format_png]: https://imgconvert.csdnimg.cn/aHR0cHM6Ly91cGxvYWQtaW1hZ2VzLmppYW5zaHUuaW8vdXBsb2FkX2ltYWdlcy8zNjMxMzk5LTMwNGE5NDRiNWJlZjY2M2UucG5nP2ltYWdlTW9ncjIvYXV0by1vcmllbnQvc3RyaXB8aW1hZ2VWaWV3Mi8yL3cvOTIxL2Zvcm1hdC93ZWJw?x-oss-process=image/format,png