memcache mysql php_memcache缓存服务器(nginx php memcache mysql)

逃离我推掉我的手 2023-01-12 07:59 221阅读 0赞

memcache缓存服务器(nginx php memcache mysql)

环境：

192.168.1.23  nginx+php

192.168.1.28  memcache

192.168.1.27  mysql

一、安装 nginx (192.168.1.23)

1、解压 zlib 和pcre 不需要编译，只需要解压就行。

\[root@localhost ~\]\# tar zxf zlib-1.2.8.tar.gz

\[root@localhost ~\]\# tar zxf pcre-8.39.tar.gz

2、安装依赖包

\[root@localhost ~\]\#yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ make libtool openssl openssl-devel

3、解压源码包

①下载 nginx 的源码包： http://nginx.org/download

\[root@localhost ~\]\# tar zxf nginx-1.14.0.tar.gz

\[root@localhost ~\]\# cd nginx-1.14.0/

\[root@localhost nginx-1.14.0\]\# groupadd www

\[root@localhost nginx-1.14.0\]\# useradd -g www www -s /sbin/nologin

\[root@localhost nginx-1.14.0\]\#./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx1.14 \\

\--with-http\_dav\_module --with-http\_stub\_status\_module \\

\--with-http\_addition\_module --with-http\_sub\_module \\

\--with-http\_flv\_module --with-http\_mp4\_module \\

\--with-pcre=/root/pcre-8.39 --with-zlib=/root/zlib-1.2.8 \\

\--with-http\_ssl\_module --with-http\_gzip\_static\_module --user=www \\

\--group=www

\[root@localhost nginx-1.14.0\]\# make && make install

\[root@localhost nginx-1.14.0\]\# ln -s /usr/local/nginx1.14/sbin/nginx /usr/local/sbin/

\[root@localhost nginx-1.14.0\]\# nginx -t

nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx1.14/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok

nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx1.14/conf/nginx.conf test is successful

\[root@localhost nginx-1.14.0\]\# nginx

\[root@localhost nginx-1.14.0\]\# netstat -anpt | grep nginx

4、关闭防火墙或者开启端口

\[root@localhost nginx-1.14.0\]\# systemctl stop firewalld.service

![ec0a599762456331be9c9d57a04aca7b.png][]

5、安装 php

①安装 libmcrypt

\[root@localhost ~\]\# tar zxf libmcrypt-2.5.7.tar.gz

\[root@localhost ~\]\# cd libmcrypt-2.5.7/

\[root@localhost libmcrypt-2.5.7\]\#  ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libmcrypt && make && make install

②安装依赖包

\[root@localhost libmcrypt-2.5.7\]\# yum -y install libxml2-devel libcurl-devel openssl-devel bzip2-devel

\[root@localhost ~\]\# tar zxf php-5.6.27.tar.gz

\[root@localhost ~\]\# cd php-5.6.27/

\[root@localhost php-5.6.27\]\#./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php5.6 --with-mysql=mysqlnd \\

\--with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd --with-mysqli=mysqlnd --with-openssl --enable-fpm --enable-sockets \\

\--enable-sysvshm --enable-mbstring --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib \\

\--with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml --with-mhash --with-mcrypt=/usr/local/libmcrypt \\

\--with-config-file-path=/etc --with-config-file-scan-dir=/etc/php.d --with-bz2 \\

\--enable-maintainer-zts

\[root@localhost php-5.6.27\]\#make && make install

\[root@localhost php-5.6.27\]\# cp php.ini-production /etc/php.ini

③修改/etc/php.ini 文件，将 short\_open\_tag 修改为 on

\[root@localhost php-5.6.27\]\#vim /etc/php.ini

;short\_open\_tag   改成  short\_open\_tag=0    //第151行(支持 php 短标签 )

④创建 php-fpm 服务启动脚本：

\[root@localhost php-5.6.27\]\#  cp sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm

\[root@localhost php-5.6.27\]\#  chmod +x /etc/init.d/php-fpm

\[root@localhost php-5.6.27\]\# chkconfig --add php-fpm

\[root@localhost php-5.6.27\]\#  chkconfig php-fpm on

⑤提供 php-fpm 配置文件并编辑

\[root@localhost php-5.6.27\]\# cp /usr/local/php5.6/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/php5.6/etc/php-fpm.conf

\[root@localhost php-5.6.27\]\#vim /usr/local/php5.6/etc/php-fpm.conf

第25行去掉;    pid = run/php-fpm.pid

第164行         listen =127.0.0.1:9000

第235行         pm.max\_children = 300

第240行         pm.start\_servers = 10

第245行  pm.min\_spare\_servers = 10

第250行         pm.max\_spare\_servers =50

⑥启动 php-fpm 服务

\[root@localhost php-5.6.27\]\#  service php-fpm start

Starting php-fpm  done

\[root@localhost php-5.6.27\]\# netstat -anpt | grep php-fpm

tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:9000          0.0.0.0:\*               LISTEN      52269/php-fpm: mast

二、安装MySQL省略(192.168.1.27)

三、安装 memcached 服务端 (192.168.1.28)

1、首先先安装 memcached 依赖库 libevent

\[root@localhost ~\]\# tar zxf libevent-2.0.22-stable.tar.gz

\[root@localhost ~\]\# cd libevent-2.0.22-stable/

\[root@localhost libevent-2.0.22-stable\]\# ./configure

\[root@localhost libevent-2.0.22-stable\]\# make && make install

①安装 memcached

\[root@localhost ~\]\# tar zxf memcached-1.4.33.tar.gz

\[root@localhost ~\]\# cd memcached-1.4.33/

\[root@localhost memcached-1.4.33\]\# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/memcached --with-libevent=/usr/local

\[root@localhost memcached-1.4.33\]\# make && make install

②检测是否成功安装

\[root@localhost memcached-1.4.33\]\#  ls /usr/local/memcached/bin/memcached

/usr/local/memcached/bin/memcached

③为系统环境变量 LD\_LIBRARY\_PATH 增加新的目录

\[root@localhost memcached-1.4.33\]\# vim ~/.bash\_profile

添加:

MEMCACHED\_HOME=/usr/local/memcached

LD\_LIBRARY\_PATH=$LD\_LIBRARY\_PATH:$MEMCACHED\_HOME/lib

\[root@localhost ~\]\# systemctl stop firewalld.service

\[root@localhost ~\]\#  /usr/local/memcached/bin/memcached -d -m 2048 -l 192.168.1.28 -p 11211 -u root -c 10240 -P /usr/local/memcached/memcached.pid

\[root@localhost ~\]\#  netstat -anpt |grep memcached

tcp        0      0 192.168.1.28:11211      0.0.0.0:\*               LISTEN      64362/memcached

④刷新用户环境变量：

\[root@localhost ~\]\# source ~/.bash\_profile

⑤编写 memcached 服务启停脚本

\[root@localhost memcached-1.4.33\]\#vi /etc/init.d/memcached

添加：

\#!/bin/sh

\# pidfile: /usr/local/memcached/memcached.pid

\# memcached\_home: /usr/local/memcached

\# chkconfig: 35 21 79

\# description: Start and stop memcached Service

\# Source function library

. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions

RETVAL=0

prog="memcached"

basedir=/usr/local/memcached

cmd=$\{basedir\}/bin/memcached

pidfile="$basedir/$\{prog\}.pid"

\#interface to listen on (default: INADDR\_ANY, all addresses)

ipaddr="192.168.1.28"

\#listen port

port=11211

\#username for memcached

username="root"

\#max memory for memcached,default is 64M

max\_memory=2048

\#max connections for memcached

max\_simul\_conn=10240

start() \{

echo -n $"Starting service: $prog"

$cmd -d -m $max\_memory -u $username -l $ipaddr -p $port -c $max\_simul\_conn -P $pidfile

RETVAL=$?

echo

\[ $RETVAL -eq 0 \] && touch /var/lock/subsys/$prog

stop() \{

echo -n $"Stopping service: $prog "

run\_user=$(whoami)

pidlist=$(ps -ef | grep $run\_user | grep memcached | grep -v grep | awk '\{print($2)\}')

for pid in $pidlist

kill -9 $pidif \[ $? -ne 0 \]; then

return 1

done

RETVAL=$?

echo

\[ $RETVAL -eq 0 \] && rm -f /var/lock/subsys/$prog

\# See how we were called.

case "$1" in

start)

start

;;

stop)

stop

;;

restart)

stop

start

;;

\*)

echo "Usage: $0 \{start|stop|restart|status\}"

exit 1

esac

exit $RETVAL

\[root@localhost ~\]\#  chmod +x /etc/init.d/memcached

\[root@localhost ~\]\#  chkconfig --add memcached

\[root@localhost ~\]\#  chkconfig memcached on

2、配置 nginx.conf 文件(在 nginx 主机操作)

①修改配置文件

\[root@localhost ~\]\# vi /usr/local/nginx1.14/conf/nginx.conf

全删掉然后添加：

user www www;

worker\_processes 2;

worker\_cpu\_affinity 01 10;

error\_log logs/error.log;

\#error\_log logs/error.log notice;

\#error\_log logs/error.log info;pid logs/nginx.pid;

events \{

use epoll;

worker\_connections 65535;

multi\_accept on;

http \{

include mime.types;

default\_type application/octet-stream;

\#log\_format main '$remote\_addr - $remote\_user \[$time\_local\] "$request" '

\# '$status $body\_bytes\_sent "$http\_referer" '

\# '"$http\_user\_agent" "$http\_x\_forwarded\_for"';

\#access\_log logs/access.log main;

sendfile on;

tcp\_nopush on;

keepalive\_timeout 65;

tcp\_nodelay on;

client\_header\_buffer\_size 4k;

open\_file\_cache max=102400 inactive=20s;

open\_file\_cache\_valid 30s;

open\_file\_cache\_min\_uses 1;

client\_header\_timeout 15;

client\_body\_timeout 15;

reset\_timedout\_connection on;

send\_timeout 15;

server\_tokens off;

client\_max\_body\_size 10m;

fastcgi\_connect\_timeout 600;

fastcgi\_send\_timeout 600;

fastcgi\_read\_timeout 600;

fastcgi\_buffer\_size 64k;

fastcgi\_buffers 4 64k;

fastcgi\_busy\_buffers\_size 128k;

fastcgi\_temp\_file\_write\_size 128k;

fastcgi\_temp\_path /usr/local/nginx1.14/nginx\_tmp;

fastcgi\_intercept\_errors on;

fastcgi\_cache\_path /usr/local/nginx1.14/fastcgi\_cache levels=1:2 keys\_zone=cache\_fastcgi:128m inactive=1d max\_size=10g;

gzip on;

gzip\_min\_length 2k;

gzip\_buffers 4 32k;

gzip\_http\_version 1.1;

gzip\_comp\_level 6;

gzip\_types text/plain text/css text/javascript application/json application/javascript application/x-javascript application/xml;

gzip\_vary on;

gzip\_proxied any;

server \{

listen 80;

server\_name www.benet.com;

\#charset koi8-r;

\#access\_log logs/host.access.log main;

location ~\* ^.+\\.(jpg|gif|png|swf|flv|wma|wmv|asf|mp3|mmf|zip|rar)$ \{

valid\_referers none blocked www.benet.com benet.com;

if ($invalid\_referer) \{

\#return 302 http://www.benet.com/img/nolink.jpg;

return 404;

break;

access\_log off;

location / \{

root html;

index index.php index.html index.htm;

location ~\* \\.(ico|jpe?g|gif|png|bmp|swf|flv)$ \{

expires 30d;

\#log\_not\_found off;

access\_log off;

location ~\* \\.(js|css)$ \{

expires 7d;

log\_not\_found off;

access\_log off;

\}location = /(favicon.ico|roboots.txt) \{

access\_log off;

log\_not\_found off;

location /status \{

stub\_status on;

location ~ .\*\\.(php|php5)?$ \{

root html;

fastcgi\_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;

fastcgi\_index index.php;

include fastcgi.conf;

fastcgi\_cache cache\_fastcgi;

fastcgi\_cache\_valid 200 302 1h;

fastcgi\_cache\_valid 301 1d;

fastcgi\_cache\_valid any 1m;

fastcgi\_cache\_min\_uses 1;

fastcgi\_cache\_use\_stale error timeout invalid\_header http\_500;

fastcgi\_cache\_key http://$host$request\_uri;

\#error\_page 404 /404.html;

\# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html

error\_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;

location = /50x.html \{

root html;

②重启 nginx 服务

\[root@localhost php-5.6.27\]\# nginx -s  reload

\[root@localhost php-5.6.27\]\# netstat -anpt | grep nginx

tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:80              0.0.0.0:\*               LISTEN      15512/nginx: worker

③生成一个 php 测试页

\[root@localhost ~\]\# cd /usr/local/nginx1.14/html/

\[root@localhost html\]\# vim test1.php

添加：

phpinfo();

3、memcache 客户端(在 nginx、php 服务器操作)

①安装memcache客户端

\[root@localhost ~\]\# tar zxf memcache-3.0.8.tgz

\[root@localhost ~\]\# cd memcache-3.0.8/

\[root@localhost memcache-3.0.8\]\# /usr/local/php5.6/bin/phpize

\[root@localhost memcache-3.0.8\]\#./configure --enable-memcache --with-php-config=/usr/local/php5.6/bin/php-config

\[root@localhost memcache-3.0.8\]\#  make && make install

②安装完后会有类似这样的提示：

Installing shared extensions:

/usr/local/php5.6/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-zts-20131226/

③把这个记住，然后修改 php.ini

\[root@localhost memcache-3.0.8\]\# vim /etc/php.ini

添加：

extension=/usr/local/php5.6/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-zts-20131226/memcache.so

④重启 php-fpm 服务

\[root@localhost memcache-3.0.8\]\# service php-fpm restart

Gracefully shutting down php-fpm . done

Starting php-fpm  done

4、测试：

①检查 php 扩展是否正确安装  查询结果中是否有 memcache 项

②创建 phpinfo()页面，查询 session 项下面的 Registered save handlers 值中是否有 memcache

项

③浏览器访问 test1.php

![372bd1acad2cf4132bc1dbcd86aa74e1.png][]

④测试代码：

\[root@localhost memcache-3.0.8\]\# cd /usr/local/nginx1.14/html/

\[root@localhost html\]\# vim test2.php

添加：

$memcache = new Memcache;

$memcache->connect('192.168.1.28', 11211) or die ("Could not connect");

$version = $memcache->getVersion();echo "Server's version: ".$version."  
";

$tmp\_object = new stdClass;

$tmp\_object->str\_attr = 'test';

$tmp\_object->int\_attr = 123;

$memcache->set('key', $tmp\_object, false, 10) or die ("Failed to save data at the server");

echo "Store data in the cache (data will expire in 10 seconds)  
";

$get\_result = $memcache->get('key');

echo "Data from the cache:  
";

var\_dump($get\_result);

⑤浏览器访问 test2.ph

![b542d9adc0371c7b94bf8d660119d9de.png][]

5、使用 memcache 实现 session 共享

①编辑php.ini

\[root@localhost html\]\# vim /etc/php.ini

第1394行    session.save\_handler = memcache

第1423行    session.save\_path = "tcp://192.168.1.28:11211?persistent=1&weight=1&timeout=1&retry\_interval=15"

②重启 php-fpm 服务

\[root@localhost memcache-3.0.8\]\# service php-fpm restart

③测试 memcache 可用性

在 nginx(php) 服务器上新建//usr/local/nginx1.10/html/memcache.php 文件

\[root@localhost html\]\# vim memcache.php

session\_start();

if (!isset($\_SESSION\['session\_time'\]))

$\_SESSION\['session\_time'\] = time();

echo "session\_time:".$\_SESSION\['session\_time'\]."  
";

echo "now\_time:".time()."  
";echo "session\_id:".session\_id()."  
";

④访问网址 查看 session\_time 是否都是为 memcache

中的 Session，同时可以在不同的服务器上修改不同的标识查看是否为不同的服务器

![5288bf97fe85ff7ecf803003fe3fe610.png][]

可以直接用 sessionid 去 memcached 里查询一下：

⑤没安装telnet可以yum安装

\[root@localhost html\]\# yum -y install telnet

\[root@localhost html\]\# telnet 192.168.1.28 11211

Trying 192.168.1.28...

Connected to 192.168.1.28.

Escape character is '^\]'.

get r9k2ude5o7q92tb0772vlopee5

VALUE r9k2ude5o7q92tb0772vlopee5 0 26

session\_time|i:1527087585;

END

得到 session\_time|i:1527087585;这样的结果，说明 session 正常工作

默认 memcache 会监听 11221 端口，如果想清空服务器上 memecache 的缓存，一般使用：

Trying 192.168.1.28...

Connected to 192.168.1.28.

Escape character is '^\]'.

flush\_all

6、测试 memcache 缓存数据库数据

①在 Mysql 服务器上创建测试表

\[root@localhost ~\]\# mysql -uroot -p123456

mysql> create database testdb1;

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.07 sec)

mysql> use testdb1;

Database changed

mysql> create table test1(id int not null auto\_increment,name varchar(20) default null,primarykey (id)) engine=innodb auto\_increment=1 default charset=utf8;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.20 sec)

mysql>  insert into test1(name) values ('tom1'),('tom2'),('tom3'),('tom4'),('tom5');

Query OK, 5 rows affected (0.09 sec)

Records: 5  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> select \* from test1;

\+----+------+

| id | name |

\+----+------+

|  1 | tom1 |

|  2 | tom2 |

|  3 | tom3 |

|  4 | tom4 |

|  5 | tom5 |

\+----+------+

5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

②测试

创建php测试脚本  用于测试 memcache 是否缓存数据成功  需要为这个脚本添加一个只读的数据库用户

mysql> grant select on testdb1.\* to user@'%' identified by '123456';

Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.08 sec)

③在 nginx(php) 服务器上创建测试脚本内容

\[root@localhost html\]\# vim test\_db.php

添加：

$memcachehost = '192.168.1.28';

$memcacheport = 11211;

$memcachelife = 60;

$memcache = new Memcache;

$memcache->connect($memcachehost,$memcacheport) or die ("Could not connect");

$query="select \* from test1 limit 10";

$key=md5($query);

if(!$memcache->get($key))

$conn=mysql\_connect("192.168.1.27","user","123456");

mysql\_select\_db(testdb1);

$result=mysql\_query($query);

while ($row=mysql\_fetch\_assoc($result))

$arr\[\]=$row;

$f = 'mysql';

$memcache->add($key,serialize($arr),0,30);

$data = $arr ;

else\{$f = 'memcache';

$data\_mem=$memcache->get($key);

$data = unserialize($data\_mem);

echo $f;

echo "  
";

echo "$key";

echo "  
";

//print\_r($data);

foreach($data as $a)

echo "number is **$a\[id\]**";

echo "  
";

echo "name is **$a\[name\]**";

echo "  
";

④访问页面测试

![d3b6bd88fc31c453a46f148874e0b3c5.png][]

如果出现 mysql 表示 memcached 中没有内容，需要 memcached 从数据库中取得

再刷新页面， 如果有 memcache 标志表示这次的数据是从 memcached 中取得的。

memcached 有个缓存时间默认是 1 分钟，过了一分钟后， memcached 需要重新从数据库中

取得数据

![2fde2d57b96f2f1fcfd225d968737c44.png][]

⑤查看 Memcached 缓存情况

\[root@localhost ~\]\# telnet 192.168.1.28 11211

Trying 192.168.1.28...

Connected to 192.168.1.28.

Escape character is '^\]'.

stats

STAT pid 53181                 //Memcached 进程的 ID

STAT uptime 3170               //进程运行时间

STAT time 1527088278         //当前时间

STAT version 1.4.33            // Memcached 版本

STAT libevent 2.0.22-stable

STAT pointer\_size 64

STAT rusage\_user 0.904999

STAT rusage\_system 1.218613

STAT curr\_connections 15

STAT total\_connections 34

STAT connection\_structures 16

STAT reserved\_fds 20

STAT cmd\_get 34//总共获取数据的次数(等于 get\_hits + get\_misses )

STAT cmd\_set 53                 //总共设置数据的次数

STAT cmd\_flush 1

STAT cmd\_touch 0

STAT get\_hits 27              //命中了多少次数据，也就是从 Memcached 缓存中成功获取数据的次数

STAT get\_misses 7            //没有命中的次数

STAT get\_expired 1

STAT get\_flushed 0

STAT delete\_misses 0

STAT delete\_hits 0

STAT incr\_misses 1

STAT incr\_hits 12

STAT decr\_misses 0

STAT decr\_hits 0

STAT cas\_misses 0

STAT cas\_hits 0

STAT cas\_badval 0

STAT touch\_hits 0

STAT touch\_misses 0

STAT auth\_cmds 0

STAT auth\_errors 0

STAT bytes\_read 5521

STAT bytes\_written 3502

STAT limit\_maxbytes 2147483648            //总的存储大小，默认为 64M

STAT accepting\_conns 1

STAT listen\_disabled\_num 0

STAT time\_in\_listen\_disabled\_us 0

STAT threads 4

STAT conn\_yields 0

STAT hash\_power\_level 16

STAT hash\_bytes 524288

STAT hash\_is\_expanding 0

STAT malloc\_fails 0

STAT log\_worker\_dropped 0

STAT log\_worker\_written 0

STAT log\_watcher\_skipped 0

STAT log\_watcher\_sent 0

STAT bytes 702                       //当前所用存储大小

STAT curr\_items 4

STAT total\_items 41

STAT expired\_unfetched 0

STAT evicted\_unfetched 0

STAT evictions 0

STAT reclaimed 1

STAT crawler\_reclaimed 0

STAT crawler\_items\_checked 0

STAT lrutail\_reflocked 0

END

命中率= get\_hits/ cmd\_get

[ec0a599762456331be9c9d57a04aca7b.png]: /images/20221119/a60ee59fe39c40f1b17b57056e7dd766.png
[372bd1acad2cf4132bc1dbcd86aa74e1.png]: /images/20221119/abb4dc2b81e744cda3cf57c024b32a94.png
[b542d9adc0371c7b94bf8d660119d9de.png]: /images/20221119/38f235f26296471d9b5fd2d6c5d77365.png
[5288bf97fe85ff7ecf803003fe3fe610.png]: /images/20221119/eceef4affab243c68867e0ceb1272714.png
[d3b6bd88fc31c453a46f148874e0b3c5.png]: /images/20221119/6ec7428228ad40b9aae98a11782c4693.png
[2fde2d57b96f2f1fcfd225d968737c44.png]: /images/20221119/0abe646dce9143f1b0eab3864f619ad9.png