Python：matplotlib单组柱状图Bar

绝地灬酷狼 2022-12-28 01:43 166阅读 0赞

import numpy as np
    import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
    
    
    def get_data(size):
        border = 80
        x = np.linspace(start=1, stop=size, endpoint=True, num=size, dtype=np.int)
        # x = np.arange(start=1, stop=size+1, step=1, dtype=np.int)
        y1 = np.random.randint(low=border, high=100, size=size)
        y2 = np.random.randint(low=50, high=border, size=size)
        ret = (x, y1, y2)
        return ret
    
    
    def text_value(ax, bar):
        for rect in bar:
            height = rect.get_height()
            ax.annotate(text='{}'.format(height),
                        xy=(rect.get_x() + rect.get_width() / 2, height),  # 放置文本的坐标位置
                        xytext=(0, 15),  # 竖直方向偏移points
                        textcoords="offset points",
                        size=40,
                        color='purple',
                        horizontalalignment='center',
                        verticalalignment='bottom')
    
    
    def text_in_bar(ax, bar, x_value):
        for (rect, i) in zip(bar, x_value):
            height = rect.get_height()
            ax.text(x=rect.get_x() + rect.get_width() / 2, y=height / 2, s="{}".format(i), color='white', size=60,
                    horizontalalignment='center')
    
    
    def main():
        plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei']  # 中文乱码
        plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False  # 正负号
    
        data = get_data(5)
    
        x = data[0]
        y1 = data[1]
    
        fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(15, 10))
    
        bar_width = 0.8  # 每个柱Bar的宽度
        b1 = ax.bar(x=x, height=y1, width=bar_width, label='一个柱状图', color='green',
                    edgecolor='red',
                    lw=5,  # 边缘线的宽度
                    alpha=0.5)
    
        ax.set_title('Bar柱状图', color='red', size=30, pad=100)
        ax.set_xlabel('X坐标轴', size=35, color='blue')
    
        ax.set_xticks(x)
        ax.set_xticklabels(labels=list('zhang'), rotation=-45, size=40, color='black')
        ax.set_yticks(())
    
        ax.legend(loc='lower right')
    
        text_value(ax, b1)
        text_in_bar(ax, b1, x)
    
        # 边框线处理
        ax.spines['top'].set_visible(False)
        ax.spines['right'].set_visible(False)
        ax.spines['left'].set_visible(False)
        ax.spines['bottom'].set_linewidth(10)  # 底部边框线的宽度
        ax.spines['bottom'].set_color('#e0e0e0')  # 底部边框线的颜色
    
        fig.tight_layout(h_pad=None)
    
        plt.show()
    
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        main()

输出结果如图：

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3poYW5ncGhpbA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]

[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3poYW5ncGhpbA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: /images/20221120/57f10a7428c445f3b785d726a27832c3.png