Python：matplotlib分组Bar柱状图

太过爱你忘了你带给我的痛 2022-12-28 01:35 226阅读 0赞

import numpy as np
    import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
    
    
    def get_data(size):
        border = 80
        x = np.linspace(start=1, stop=size, endpoint=True, num=size, dtype=np.int)
        # x = np.arange(start=1, stop=size+1, step=1, dtype=np.int)
        y1 = np.random.randint(low=border, high=100, size=size)
        y2 = np.random.randint(low=50, high=border, size=size)
        ret = (x, y1, y2)
        return ret
    
    
    def text_value(ax, bar):
        for rect in bar:
            height = rect.get_height()
            ax.annotate(text='{}'.format(height),
                        xy=(rect.get_x() + rect.get_width() / 2, height),  # 放置文本的坐标位置
                        xytext=(0, 10),  # 竖直方向再偏移10个point
                        textcoords="offset points",
                        size=35,
                        color='purple',
                        horizontalalignment='center',
                        verticalalignment='bottom')
    
    
    def main():
        plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei']  # 中文乱码
        plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False  # 正负号
    
        data = get_data(5)
    
        x = data[0]
        y1 = data[1]
        y2 = data[2]
    
        fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(15, 10))
    
        bar_width = 0.4  # 每个柱Bar的宽度
        b1 = ax.bar(x=x - bar_width / 2, height=y1, width=bar_width, label='柱1', color='blue', edgecolor='yellow')
        b2 = ax.bar(x=x + bar_width / 2, height=y2, width=bar_width, label='柱2', color='green', edgecolor='red')
    
        ax.set_title('分组Bar柱状图', color='red', size=30)
        ax.set_xlabel('X坐标轴', size=35, color='black')
        ax.set_ylabel('Y坐标轴', size=30, color='green')
    
        ax.set_xticks(x)
        ax.set_xticklabels(labels=list('zhang'), rotation=-45, size=35, color='gray')
        ax.set_yticks(ticks=np.linspace(start=30, stop=120, endpoint=True, num=10, dtype=np.int))
    
        ax.legend(loc='upper right')
    
        text_value(ax, b1)
        text_value(ax, b2)
    
        # 顶部和右部的边框线消失
        ax.spines['top'].set_visible(False)
        ax.spines['right'].set_visible(False)
        ax.spines['left'].set_color('red')
        ax.spines['left'].set_linewidth(5)
        ax.spines['bottom'].set_linewidth(10)
    
        fig.tight_layout(h_pad=None)
    
        # 画网格
        # ax.grid(axis='x', linestyle='--', linewidth=3, color='red')  # 显示竖直的网格线
        ax.grid(axis='y', linestyle=':', linewidth=1, color='gray', which='major')  # 显示水平的网格线
    
        ax.axhline(y=80, xmin=0, xmax=0.5, linestyle='--', linewidth=15, color='red')  # 水平加强线
        ax.axvline(x=4, ymin=0, ymax=1, linestyle='--', linewidth=15, color='yellow')  # 竖直加强线
    
        plt.show()
    
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        main()

输出结果如图：

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3poYW5ncGhpbA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]

[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3poYW5ncGhpbA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: /images/20221120/d2685ea2b26a4ea3ac67b7c5a5b4fc1d.png