Python+unittest+requests+HTMLTestRunner 完整的接口自动化测试框架搭建过程实战

淡淡的烟草味﹌ 2022-12-26 11:28 134阅读 0赞

**目录**

前言

第一讲，框架结构简解

第二讲，测试接口服务

第三讲、配置文件读取

第四讲、读取Excel中的case

第五讲、发送requests请求

第六讲、参数动态化

第七讲、使用unittest断言

第八讲、HTMLTestRunner源码

第九讲、调用生成测试报告

第十讲、创建程序运行主入口

第十一讲、添加日志输出

第十二讲、项目定时运行

后话

--------------------

## 前言 ##

测试确实是很简单，但是思路很重要。要做一个项目的UI自动化或者接口测试的自动化，都需要做一个规划，从整体出发构建。（类似很多公司的测试平台）

希望通过对本框架的练习，对后续编写测试框架起到抛砖引玉的效果。

## **第一讲，框架结构简解** ##

首先配置好python环境和下载安装pycharm，在pycharm中创建如下图所示的目录。网上方法很多，此处不再赘述。（一定要注意目录的层级关系，否则会导致后续报错找不到目录或文件）

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzI5NzIwNjU3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]

下面是该项目的目录结构介绍，后面会针对每个文件有详细代码和注释

**common：**

——**configDB.py**：这个文件主要编写数据库连接池的相关内容，本项目暂未考虑使用数据库来存储读取数据，此文件可忽略，或者不创建。本人是留着以后如果有相关操作时，方便使用

——**configEmail.py**：这个文件主要是配置发送邮件的主题、正文等，将测试报告发送到相关人邮箱的逻辑

——**configHttp.py**：这个文件主要来通过get、post、put、delete等方法来进行http请求，并拿到请求响应

——**HTMLTestRunner.py**：主要是生成测试报告相关

——**Log.py**：调用该类的方法，用来打印生成日志

**result:**

——**logs**：生成的日志文件

——**report.html**：生成的测试报告

**testCase:**

——**test01case.py**：读取userCase.xlsx中的用例，使用unittest来进行断言校验

**testFile/case:**

——**userCase.xlsx**：对下面test\_api.py接口服务里的接口，设计了三条简单的测试用例，如参数为null，参数不正确等

**caselist.txt**：配置将要执行testCase目录下的哪些用例文件，前加\#代表不进行执行。当项目过于庞大，用例足够多的时候，我们可以通过这个开关，来确定本次执行哪些接口的哪些用例。

**config.ini**：数据库、邮箱、接口等的配置项，用于方便的调用读取。

**getpathInfo.py**：获取项目绝对路径

**geturlParams.py**：获取接口的URL、参数、method等

**readConfig.py**：读取配置文件的方法，并返回文件中内容

**readExcel.py**：读取Excel的方法

**runAll.py**：开始执行接口自动化，项目工程部署完毕后直接运行该文件即可

**test\_api.py**：自己写的提供本地测试的接口服务

**test\_sql.py**：测试数据库连接池的文件，本次项目未用到数据库，可以忽略

## 第二讲，测试接口服务 ##

想搭建一个接口自动化测试框架，前提是必须要有一个可支持测试的接口服务。可能有人想直接用公司的项目的现成接口，比如测试环境的或者是生产环境的接口。但是，一般工作环境中的接口，不太满足我们框架的各种条件。比如：接口a可能是get接口b可能又是post等等。因此我们自己编写一个简单的接口，用于我们这个框架的测试！

按照第一讲得目录创建好文件，打开test\_api.py。加入以下代码：

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
    # @Time : 2020/11/24  11:33
    # @Author : Liqiju
    # @File : test_api.py
    # @Software : PyCharm
    import flask
    import json
    from flask import request
    import getpathInfo
    '''
    flask： web框架，通过flask提供的装饰器@server.route()将普通函数转换为服务
    '''
    # 创建一个服务，把当前这个python文件当做一个服务
    server = flask.Flask(__name__)
    #admin = Blueprint('getpathInfo',__name__)
    # @server.route()可以将普通函数转变为服务 登录接口的路径、请求方式
    @server.route('/login', methods=['get', 'post'])
    def login():
        # 获取通过url请求传参的数据
        username = request.values.get('name')
        # 获取url请求传的密码，明文
        pwd = request.values.get('pwd')
        # 判断用户名、密码都不为空
        if username and pwd:
            if username == 'xiaoming' and pwd == '111':
                resu = {'code': 200, 'message': '登录成功'}
                return json.dumps(resu, ensure_ascii=False)  # 将字典转换字符串
            else:
                resu = {'code': -1, 'message': '账号或密码错误'}
                return json.dumps(resu, ensure_ascii=False)
        else:
            resu = {'code': 10001, 'message': '参数不能为空！'}
            return json.dumps(resu, ensure_ascii=False)
    
    @server.route('/getpath',methods=['get'])
    def getpath():
    
        return  getpathInfo.get_Path()
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        server.run(debug=True, port=8888, host='127.0.0.1')
      #  server.register_blueprint(admin,url_prefix='/getpath')

其中，以下2行代码的意思是把我们的接口（方法）提供出去供外界访问，route第一个参数为请求路径，第二个参数为请求方式。

server = flask.Flask(__name__)
    @server.route('/login', methods=['get', 'post'])

执行test\_api.py，在浏览器中输入[http://127.0.0.1:8888/login?name=xiaoming&pwd=11188][http_127.0.0.1_8888_login_name_xiaoming_pwd_11188]回车，验证我们的接口服务是否正常

![20201207164026509.png][]

变更参数，查看不同的响应结果确认接口服务一切正常

![20201207164146391.png][]

![20201207164521505.png][]

大家注意一下控制台输出，每一次成功的请求都会打印信息

![2020120716461770.png][]

## 第三讲、配置文件读取 ##

在我们第二讲中，我们已经通过flask这个web框架创建好了我们用于测试的接口服务，因此我们可以把这个接口抽出来一些参数放到配置文件，然后通过一个读取配置文件的方法，方便后续的使用。同样还有邮件的相关配置

按第一讲的目录创建好config.ini文件，加入以下代码：

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
    [HTTP]
    #协议
    scheme = http
    #URL
    baseurl = 127.0.0.1
    #端口
    port = 8888
    #超时时间
    timeout = 10.0
    
    [EMAIL]
    #邮件开关
    on_off = on
    #固定的SMTP服务器
    smtp_server = smtp.qq.com
    #固定端口
    smtp_port = 465
    #邮件主题
    subject = Python自动化接口测试报告
    #邮件发送账号
    from_addr = XXXX@qq.com
    #接收邮件账号，多个账号用逗号分隔
    to_addrs = XXX@yelinked.com,XXXXX@qq.com
    #授权码（这个要填自己获取到的，和from_addr对应）
    authorization_code = XXXXX

在HTTP中，协议http，baseURL，端口，超时时间

在EMAIL中，on-off是邮件的开关，=on的时候发送测试报告，=其他，则不发送。smtp\_server为SMTP服务器，smtp\_port为固定端口，subject为邮件主题，from\_addr为邮件发送者账号，to\_addrs为接收邮件账号（多个账号用逗号分隔）。

authorization\_code为邮件发送者账号的授权码

在我们编写readConfig.py文件前，我们先写一个获取项目某路径下某文件绝对路径的一个方法。按第一讲的目录结构创建好getpathInfo.py，打开该文件，加入以下代码：

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
    # @Time : 2020/11/24 0024 11:32
    # @Author : Liqiju
    # @File : getpathInfo.py
    # @Software : PyCharm
    import os
    #from test_api import admin
    
    #@admin.route('/getpath',methods=['get'])
    def get_Path():
        path = os.path.split(os.path.realpath(__file__))[0]
        return path
    
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':  # 执行该文件，测试下是否OK
        print('测试路径是否OK,路径为：', get_Path())

执行代码，查看输出结果，打印出了该项目的绝对路径：

![20201207172859677.png][]

接下来我们打开readConfig.py文件，加入以下代码

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
    # @Time : 2020/11/24  14:14
    # @Author : Liqiju
    # @File : readConfig.py
    # @Software : PyCharm
    import os
    import configparser
    import getpathInfo  # 引入我们自己的写的获取路径的类
    
    path = getpathInfo.get_Path()  # 调用实例化，还记得这个类返回的路径为F:\2020年11月\ifp\testFile
    config_path = os.path.join(path,'config.ini')  # 这句话是在path路径下再加一级，最后变成F:\2020年11月\ifp\testFile\config.ini
    config = configparser.ConfigParser()  # 调用外部的读取配置文件的方法
    config.read(config_path, encoding='utf-8')
    
    
    class ReadConfig():
    
        def get_http(self, name):
            value = config.get('HTTP', name)
            return value
    
        def get_email(self, name):
            value = config.get('EMAIL', name)
            return value
    
        def get_mysql(self, name):  # 写好，留以后备用。但是因为我们没有对数据库的操作，所以这个可以屏蔽掉
            value = config.get('DATABASE', name)
            return value
    
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':  # 测试一下，我们读取配置文件的方法是否可用
        print('HTTP中的baseurl值为：', ReadConfig().get_http('baseurl'))
        print('EMAIL中的开关on_off值为：', ReadConfig().get_email('on_off'))

执行代码，查看输出结果

![20201207173522262.png][]

一切OK

## 第四讲、读取Excel中的case ##

配置文件写好了，接口我们也有了，然后我们来根据我们的接口设计我们简单的几条用例。首先在前两讲中我们写了一个我们测试的接口服务，针对这个接口服务存在三种情况的校验。正确的用户名和密码、账号密码错误和账号或密码为空

![20201207173936864.png][]

![20201207174108546.png][]

![20201207174141365.png][]

我们根据上面的三种情况，将对这个接口的用例写在一个对应的单独文件中testFile\\case\\userCase.xlsx ，userCase.xlsx内容如下：

![20201207174252845.png][]

\*注意sheet1改为login。

有了用例设计的Excel，我们要对这个Excel进行数据的读取操作，在readExcel.py文件，加入以下代码：

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
    # @Time : 2020/11/24  11:33
    # @Author : Liqiju
    # @File : readExecl.py
    # @Software : PyCharm
    import os
    import getpathInfo# 自己定义的内部类，该类返回项目的绝对路径
    from xlrd import open_workbook#调用读Excel的第三方库xlrd
    path = getpathInfo.get_Path() # 拿到该项目所在的绝对路径
    
    class readExecl():
        def get_xls(self,xls_name,sheet_name):
            """
            :param xls_name: 用例的Excel名称
            :param sheet_name: Excel的sheet名称
            :return:内容列表
            """
            cls = []
            # 获取用例文件路径
            xlsPath = os.path.join(path,'testFile','case', xls_name)
            file = open_workbook(xlsPath)  # 打开用例Excel
            sheet = file.sheet_by_name(sheet_name)  # 获得打开Excel的sheet
            # 获取这个sheet内容行数
            nrows = sheet.nrows
            #读取每一行的内容放到列表里
            for i in range(nrows):  # 根据行数做循环
                if sheet.row_values(i)[0] != 'case_name':  # 如果这个Excel的这个sheet的第i行的第一列不等于case_name那么我们把这行的数据添加到cls[]
                    cls.append(sheet.row_values(rowx=i,start_colx=0,end_colx=None)) # 返回给定行中单元格值的一部分（这里返回每一行的内容）
            return cls
    
    
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':#我们执行该文件测试一下是否可以正确获取Excel中的值
        print(readExecl().get_xls('userCase.xlsx', 'login'))
        print(readExecl().get_xls('userCase.xlsx', 'login')[0][1])
        print(readExecl().get_xls('userCase.xlsx', 'login')[1][2])

执行代码，查看输出结果

![20201207174741882.png][]

结果正确

## 第五讲、发送requests请求 ##

配置文件有了，读取配置文件有了，用例有了，读取用例有了，我们的接口服务有了，我们是不是该写对某个接口进行http请求了，这时候我们需要使用pip install requests来安装第三方库，在common下的configHttp.py加入以下代码：

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
    # @Time : 2020/11/24 11:28
    # @Author : Liqiju
    # @File : configHttp.py
    # @Software : PyCharm
    import requests
    import json
    
    class RunMain():
        def send_post(self,url,data): # 定义一个方法，传入需要的参数url和data
            #  参数必须按照url、data顺序传入
            result = requests.post(url=url,data=data).json()# 因为这里要封装post方法，所以这里的url和data值不能写死
            res = json.dumps(result,ensure_ascii=False,sort_keys=True,indent=2)
            return res
    
        def send_get(self, url, data):
            result = requests.get(url=url, params=data).json()
            res = json.dumps(result, ensure_ascii=False, sort_keys=True, indent=2)
            return res
    
        def run_main(self, method, url=None, data=None):  # 定义一个run_main函数，通过传过来的method来进行不同的get或post请求
            result = None
            if method == 'post':
                result = self.send_post(url, data)
            elif method == 'get':
                result = self.send_get(url,data)
            else:
                print("method值不是post或者get！！！")
            return result
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':  # 通过写死参数，来验证我们写的请求是否正确(新手请注意保持test_api.py在运行，也就是服务器要打开)
        result1 = RunMain().run_main('post', 'http://127.0.0.1:8888/login', {'name': 'xiaoming','pwd':'111'})
        result2 = RunMain().run_main('get', 'http://127.0.0.1:8888/login', 'name=xiaoming&pwd=111')
        print(result1)
        print(result2)

执行以上代码，查看结果。

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzI5NzIwNjU3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1][]

\*注意要保持test\_api.py在运行，不然报错目标主机拒绝连接。

## 第六讲、参数动态化 ##

在上一讲中，我们写了针对我们的接口服务，设计的三种测试用例，使用写死的参数（result = RunMain().run\_main('post', 'http://127.0.0.1:8888/login', 'name=xiaoming&pwd=')）来进行requests请求。本讲中我们写一个类，来用于分别获取这些参数，来第一讲的目录创建geturlParams.py，geturlParams.py文件中的内容如下：

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
    # @Time : 2020/11/24 11:32
    # @Author : Liqiju
    # @File : geturlParams.py
    # @Software : PyCharm
    import readConfig
    
    readconfig = readConfig.ReadConfig()
    
    class geturlParams():  # 定义一个方法，将从配置文件中读取的进行拼接
        def get_Url(self):
            new_url = readconfig.get_http('scheme') + '://' + readconfig.get_http('baseurl') + ':8888' + '/login' + '?'
            # logger.info('new_url'+new_url)
            return new_url
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':  # 验证拼接后的正确性
        print(geturlParams().get_Url())

执行以上代码，查看结果。

![20201207190855651.png][]

通过将配置文件中的进行拼接，拼接后的结果：[http://127.0.0.1:8888/login?][http_127.0.0.1_8888_login]和我们请求的一致

## 第七讲、使用unittest断言 ##

下面就可以用unittest断言测试case了，在testCase下创建test01case.py文件，加入以下代码：

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
    # @Time : 2020/11/24 0024 16:23
    # @Author : Liqiju
    # @File : test01case.py
    # @Software : PyCharm
    import json
    import unittest
    from common.configHttp import RunMain
    import paramunittest
    import geturlParams
    import urllib.parse
    import readExecl
    
    url = geturlParams.geturlParams().get_Url()  # 调用我们的geturlParams获取我们拼接的URL
    login_xls = readExecl.readExecl().get_xls('userCase.xlsx', 'login')
    
    @paramunittest.parametrized(*login_xls)
    class testUserLogin(unittest.TestCase):
        def setParameters(self, case_name, path, query, method):
            """
            set params
            :param case_name:
            :param path
            :param query
            :param method
            :return:
            """
            self.case_name = str(case_name)
            self.path = str(path)
            self.query = str(query)
            self.method = str(method)
    
        def description(self):self.case_name
    
        def setUp(self):print(self.case_name + "测试开始前准备")
    
        def test01case(self):self.checkResult()
    
        def tearDown(self):print("测试结束，输出log完结\n\n")
    
        def checkResult(self):  # 断言
            """
            check test result
            :return:
            """
            url1 = "http://www.xxx.com/login?"
            new_url = url1 + self.query
            data1 = dict(urllib.parse.parse_qsl(urllib.parse.urlsplit(new_url).query))  # 将一个完整的URL中的name=&pwd=转换为{'name':'xxx','pwd':'bbb'}
            info = RunMain().run_main(self.method, url, data1)  # 根据Excel中的method调用run_main来进行requests请求，并拿到响应
            ss = json.loads(info)  # 将响应转换为字典格式
            if self.case_name == 'login':  # 如果case_name是login，说明合法，返回的code应该为200
                self.assertEqual(ss['code'], 200)
            if self.case_name == 'login_error':  # 同上
                self.assertEqual(ss['code'], -1)
            if self.case_name == 'login_null':  # 同上
                self.assertEqual(ss['code'], 10001)

把鼠标放在下面注解的前面。执行

@paramunittest.parametrized(*login_xls)

查看结果

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzI5NzIwNjU3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2][]

nice，继续下一步。

## 第八讲、HTMLTestRunner源码 ##

打开HTMLTestRunner.py文件，加入以下代码。

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
    # @Time : 2020/11/24  11:29
    # @Author : Liqiju
    # @File : HTMLTestRunner.py
    # @Software : PyCharm
    # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
    """
    A TestRunner for use with the Python unit testing framework. It
    generates a HTML report to show the result at a glance.
    The simplest way to use this is to invoke its main method. E.g.
        import unittest
        import HTMLTestRunner
        ... define your tests ...
        if __name__ == '__main__':
            HTMLTestRunner.main()
    For more customization options, instantiates a HTMLTestRunner object.
    HTMLTestRunner is a counterpart to unittest's TextTestRunner. E.g.
        # output to a file
        fp = file('my_report.html', 'wb')
        runner = HTMLTestRunner.HTMLTestRunner(
                    stream=fp,
                    title='My unit test',
                    description='This demonstrates the report output by HTMLTestRunner.'
                    )
        # Use an external stylesheet.
        # See the Template_mixin class for more customizable options
        runner.STYLESHEET_TMPL = '<link rel="stylesheet" href="my_stylesheet.css" type="text/css">'
        # run the test
        runner.run(my_test_suite)
    ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Copyright (c) 2004-2007, Wai Yip Tung
    All rights reserved.
    Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
    modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
    met:
    * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
      this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
    * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
      documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
    * Neither the name Wai Yip Tung nor the names of its contributors may be
      used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without
      specific prior written permission.
    THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS
    IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
    TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
    PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER
    OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
    EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
    PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
    PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
    LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
    NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
    SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
    """
    
    # URL: http://tungwaiyip.info/software/HTMLTestRunner.html
    
    __author__ = "Li Qi Ju"
    __version__ = "0.9.1"
    
    """
    Change History
    Version 0.9.1
    * 用Echarts添加执行情况统计图 (灰蓝)
    Version 0.9.0
    * 改成Python 3.x (灰蓝)
    Version 0.8.3
    * 使用 Bootstrap稍加美化 (灰蓝)
    * 改为中文 (灰蓝)
    Version 0.8.2
    * Show output inline instead of popup window (Viorel Lupu).
    Version in 0.8.1
    * Validated XHTML (Wolfgang Borgert).
    * Added description of test classes and test cases.
    Version in 0.8.0
    * Define Template_mixin class for customization.
    * Workaround a IE 6 bug that it does not treat <script> block as CDATA.
    Version in 0.7.1
    * Back port to Python 2.3 (Frank Horowitz).
    * Fix missing scroll bars in detail log (Podi).
    """
    
    # TODO: color stderr
    # TODO: simplify javascript using ,ore than 1 class in the class attribute?
    
    import datetime
    import sys
    import io
    import time
    import unittest
    from xml.sax import saxutils
    
    
    # ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    # The redirectors below are used to capture output during testing. Output
    # sent to sys.stdout and sys.stderr are automatically captured. However
    # in some cases sys.stdout is already cached before HTMLTestRunner is
    # invoked (e.g. calling logging.basicConfig). In order to capture those
    # output, use the redirectors for the cached stream.
    #
    # e.g.
    #   >>> logging.basicConfig(stream=HTMLTestRunner.stdout_redirector)
    #   >>>
    
    class OutputRedirector(object):
        """ Wrapper to redirect stdout or stderr """
    
        def __init__(self, fp):
            self.fp = fp
    
        def write(self, s):
            self.fp.write(s)
    
        def writelines(self, lines):
            self.fp.writelines(lines)
    
        def flush(self):
            self.fp.flush()
    
    
    stdout_redirector = OutputRedirector(sys.stdout)
    stderr_redirector = OutputRedirector(sys.stderr)
    
    
    # ----------------------------------------------------------------------
    # Template
    
    
    class Template_mixin(object):
        """
        Define a HTML template for report customerization and generation.
        Overall structure of an HTML report
        HTML
        +------------------------+
        |<html>                  |
        |  <head>                |
        |                        |
        |   STYLESHEET           |
        |   +----------------+   |
        |   |                |   |
        |   +----------------+   |
        |                        |
        |  </head>               |
        |                        |
        |  <body>                |
        |                        |
        |   HEADING              |
        |   +----------------+   |
        |   |                |   |
        |   +----------------+   |
        |                        |
        |   REPORT               |
        |   +----------------+   |
        |   |                |   |
        |   +----------------+   |
        |                        |
        |   ENDING               |
        |   +----------------+   |
        |   |                |   |
        |   +----------------+   |
        |                        |
        |  </body>               |
        |</html>                 |
        +------------------------+
        """
    
        STATUS = {
            0: u'通过',
            1: u'失败',
            2: u'错误',
        }
    
        DEFAULT_TITLE = 'Unit Test Report'
        DEFAULT_DESCRIPTION = ''
    
        # ------------------------------------------------------------------------
        # HTML Template
    
        HTML_TMPL = r"""<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
    <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
    <head>
        <title>%(title)s</title>
        <meta name="generator" content="%(generator)s"/>
        <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"/>
    
        <link href="http://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.0/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
        <script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/echarts/3.8.5/echarts.common.min.js"></script>
        
    
        %(stylesheet)s
    
    </head>
    <body>
        <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript"></script>
        <div id="div_base">
            %(heading)s
            %(report)s
            %(ending)s
            %(chart_script)s
        </div>
    </body>
    </html>
    """  # variables: (title, generator, stylesheet, heading, report, ending, chart_script)
    
        ECHARTS_SCRIPT = """
        <script type="text/javascript">
            // 基于准备好的dom，初始化echarts实例
            var myChart = echarts.init(document.getElementById('chart'));
            // 指定图表的配置项和数据
            var option = {
                title : {
                    text: '测试执行情况',
                    x:'center'
                },
                tooltip : {
                    trigger: 'item',
                    formatter: "{a} <br/>{b} : {c} ({d}%%)"
                },
                color: ['#95b75d', 'grey', '#b64645'],
                legend: {
                    orient: 'vertical',
                    left: 'left',
                    data: ['通过','失败','错误']
                },
                series : [
                    {
                        name: '测试执行情况',
                        type: 'pie',
                        radius : '60%%',
                        center: ['50%%', '60%%'],
                        data:[
                            {value:%(Pass)s, name:'通过'},
                            {value:%(fail)s, name:'失败'},
                            {value:%(error)s, name:'错误'}
                        ],
                        itemStyle: {
                            emphasis: {
                                shadowBlur: 10,
                                shadowOffsetX: 0,
                                shadowColor: 'rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5)'
                            }
                        }
                    }
                ]
            };
            // 使用刚指定的配置项和数据显示图表。
            myChart.setOption(option);
        </script>
        """  # variables: (Pass, fail, error)
    
        # ------------------------------------------------------------------------
        # Stylesheet
        #
        # alternatively use a <link> for external style sheet, e.g.
        #   <link rel="stylesheet" href="$url" type="text/css">
    
        STYLESHEET_TMPL = """
    <style type="text/css" media="screen">
        body        { font-family: Microsoft YaHei,Consolas,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 80%; }
        table       { font-size: 100%; }
        pre         { white-space: pre-wrap;word-wrap: break-word; }
        /* -- heading ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
        h1 {
            font-size: 16pt;
            color: gray;
        }
        .heading {
            margin-top: 0ex;
            margin-bottom: 1ex;
        }
        .heading .attribute {
            margin-top: 1ex;
            margin-bottom: 0;
        }
        .heading .description {
            margin-top: 2ex;
            margin-bottom: 3ex;
        }
        /* -- css div popup ------------------------------------------------------------------------ */
        a.popup_link {
        }
        a.popup_link:hover {
            color: red;
        }
        .popup_window {
            display: none;
            position: relative;
            left: 0px;
            top: 0px;
            /*border: solid #627173 1px; */
            padding: 10px;
            /*background-color: #E6E6D6; */
            font-family: "Lucida Console", "Courier New", Courier, monospace;
            text-align: left;
            font-size: 8pt;
            /* width: 500px;*/
        }
        }
        /* -- report ------------------------------------------------------------------------ */
        #show_detail_line {
            margin-top: 3ex;
            margin-bottom: 1ex;
        }
        #result_table {
            width: 99%;
        }
        #header_row {
            font-weight: bold;
            color: #303641;
            background-color: #ebebeb;
        }
        #total_row  { font-weight: bold; }
        .passClass  { background-color: #bdedbc; }
        .failClass  { background-color: #ffefa4; }
        .errorClass { background-color: #ffc9c9; }
        .passCase   { color: #6c6; }
        .failCase   { color: #FF6600; font-weight: bold; }
        .errorCase  { color: #c00; font-weight: bold; }
        .hiddenRow  { display: none; }
        .testcase   { margin-left: 2em; }
        /* -- ending ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
        #ending {
        }
        #div_base {
                    position:absolute;
                    top:0%;
                    left:5%;
                    right:5%;
                    width: auto;
                    height: auto;
                    margin: -15px 0 0 0;
        }
    </style>
    """
    
        # ------------------------------------------------------------------------
        # Heading
        #
    
        HEADING_TMPL = """
        <div class='page-header'>
            <h1>%(title)s</h1>
        %(parameters)s
        </div>
        <div style="float: left;width:50%%;"><p class='description'>%(description)s</p></div>
        <div id="chart" style="width:50%%;height:400px;float:left;"></div>
    """  # variables: (title, parameters, description)
    
        HEADING_ATTRIBUTE_TMPL = """<p class='attribute'><strong>%(name)s:</strong> %(value)s</p>
    """  # variables: (name, value)
    
        # ------------------------------------------------------------------------
        # Report
        #
    
        REPORT_TMPL = u"""
        <div class="btn-group btn-group-sm">
            <button class="btn btn-default" onclick='javascript:showCase(0)'>总结</button>
            <button class="btn btn-default" onclick='javascript:showCase(1)'>失败</button>
            <button class="btn btn-default" onclick='javascript:showCase(2)'>全部</button>
        </div>
        <p></p>
        <table id='result_table' class="table table-bordered">
            <colgroup>
                <col align='left' />
                <col align='right' />
                <col align='right' />
                <col align='right' />
                <col align='right' />
                <col align='right' />
            </colgroup>
            <tr id='header_row'>
                <td>测试套件/测试用例</td>
                <td>总数</td>
                <td>通过</td>
                <td>失败</td>
                <td>错误</td>
                <td>查看</td>
            </tr>
            %(test_list)s
            <tr id='total_row'>
                <td>总计</td>
                <td>%(count)s</td>
                <td>%(Pass)s</td>
                <td>%(fail)s</td>
                <td>%(error)s</td>
                <td> </td>
            </tr>
        </table>
    """  # variables: (test_list, count, Pass, fail, error)
    
        REPORT_CLASS_TMPL = u"""
        <tr class='%(style)s'>
            <td>%(desc)s</td>
            <td>%(count)s</td>
            <td>%(Pass)s</td>
            <td>%(fail)s</td>
            <td>%(error)s</td>
            <td><a href="javascript:showClassDetail('%(cid)s',%(count)s)">详情</a></td>
        </tr>
    """  # variables: (style, desc, count, Pass, fail, error, cid)
    
        REPORT_TEST_WITH_OUTPUT_TMPL = r"""
    <tr id='%(tid)s' class='%(Class)s'>
        <td class='%(style)s'><div class='testcase'>%(desc)s</div></td>
        <td colspan='5' align='center'>
        
        <a class="popup_link" onfocus='this.blur();' href="javascript:showTestDetail('div_%(tid)s')" >
            %(status)s</a>
        <div id='div_%(tid)s' class="popup_window">
            <pre>%(script)s</pre>
        </div>
        
        </td>
    </tr>
    """  # variables: (tid, Class, style, desc, status)
    
        REPORT_TEST_NO_OUTPUT_TMPL = r"""
    <tr id='%(tid)s' class='%(Class)s'>
        <td class='%(style)s'><div class='testcase'>%(desc)s</div></td>
        <td colspan='5' align='center'>%(status)s</td>
    </tr>
    """  # variables: (tid, Class, style, desc, status)
    
        REPORT_TEST_OUTPUT_TMPL = r"""%(id)s: %(output)s"""  # variables: (id, output)
    
        # ------------------------------------------------------------------------
        # ENDING
        #
    
        ENDING_TMPL = """<div id='ending'> </div>"""
    
    
    # -------------------- The end of the Template class -------------------
    
    
    TestResult = unittest.TestResult
    
    
    class _TestResult(TestResult):
        # note: _TestResult is a pure representation of results.
        # It lacks the output and reporting ability compares to unittest._TextTestResult.
    
        def __init__(self, verbosity=1):
            TestResult.__init__(self)
            self.stdout0 = None
            self.stderr0 = None
            self.success_count = 0
            self.failure_count = 0
            self.error_count = 0
            self.verbosity = verbosity
    
            # result is a list of result in 4 tuple
            # (
            #   result code (0: success; 1: fail; 2: error),
            #   TestCase object,
            #   Test output (byte string),
            #   stack trace,
            # )
            self.result = []
            self.subtestlist = []
    
        def startTest(self, test):
            TestResult.startTest(self, test)
            # just one buffer for both stdout and stderr
            self.outputBuffer = io.StringIO()
            stdout_redirector.fp = self.outputBuffer
            stderr_redirector.fp = self.outputBuffer
            self.stdout0 = sys.stdout
            self.stderr0 = sys.stderr
            sys.stdout = stdout_redirector
            sys.stderr = stderr_redirector
    
        def complete_output(self):
            """
            Disconnect output redirection and return buffer.
            Safe to call multiple times.
            """
            if self.stdout0:
                sys.stdout = self.stdout0
                sys.stderr = self.stderr0
                self.stdout0 = None
                self.stderr0 = None
            return self.outputBuffer.getvalue()
    
        def stopTest(self, test):
            # Usually one of addSuccess, addError or addFailure would have been called.
            # But there are some path in unittest that would bypass this.
            # We must disconnect stdout in stopTest(), which is guaranteed to be called.
            self.complete_output()
    
        def addSuccess(self, test):
            if test not in self.subtestlist:
                self.success_count += 1
                TestResult.addSuccess(self, test)
                output = self.complete_output()
                self.result.append((0, test, output, ''))
                if self.verbosity > 1:
                    sys.stderr.write('ok ')
                    sys.stderr.write(str(test))
                    sys.stderr.write('\n')
                else:
                    sys.stderr.write('.')
    
        def addError(self, test, err):
            self.error_count += 1
            TestResult.addError(self, test, err)
            _, _exc_str = self.errors[-1]
            output = self.complete_output()
            self.result.append((2, test, output, _exc_str))
            if self.verbosity > 1:
                sys.stderr.write('E  ')
                sys.stderr.write(str(test))
                sys.stderr.write('\n')
            else:
                sys.stderr.write('E')
    
        def addFailure(self, test, err):
            self.failure_count += 1
            TestResult.addFailure(self, test, err)
            _, _exc_str = self.failures[-1]
            output = self.complete_output()
            self.result.append((1, test, output, _exc_str))
            if self.verbosity > 1:
                sys.stderr.write('F  ')
                sys.stderr.write(str(test))
                sys.stderr.write('\n')
            else:
                sys.stderr.write('F')
    
        def addSubTest(self, test, subtest, err):
            if err is not None:
                if getattr(self, 'failfast', False):
                    self.stop()
                if issubclass(err[0], test.failureException):
                    self.failure_count += 1
                    errors = self.failures
                    errors.append((subtest, self._exc_info_to_string(err, subtest)))
                    output = self.complete_output()
                    self.result.append((1, test, output + '\nSubTestCase Failed:\n' + str(subtest),
                                        self._exc_info_to_string(err, subtest)))
                    if self.verbosity > 1:
                        sys.stderr.write('F  ')
                        sys.stderr.write(str(subtest))
                        sys.stderr.write('\n')
                    else:
                        sys.stderr.write('F')
                else:
                    self.error_count += 1
                    errors = self.errors
                    errors.append((subtest, self._exc_info_to_string(err, subtest)))
                    output = self.complete_output()
                    self.result.append(
                        (2, test, output + '\nSubTestCase Error:\n' + str(subtest), self._exc_info_to_string(err, subtest)))
                    if self.verbosity > 1:
                        sys.stderr.write('E  ')
                        sys.stderr.write(str(subtest))
                        sys.stderr.write('\n')
                    else:
                        sys.stderr.write('E')
                self._mirrorOutput = True
            else:
                self.subtestlist.append(subtest)
                self.subtestlist.append(test)
                self.success_count += 1
                output = self.complete_output()
                self.result.append((0, test, output + '\nSubTestCase Pass:\n' + str(subtest), ''))
                if self.verbosity > 1:
                    sys.stderr.write('ok ')
                    sys.stderr.write(str(subtest))
                    sys.stderr.write('\n')
                else:
                    sys.stderr.write('.')
    
    
    class HTMLTestRunner(Template_mixin):
    
        def __init__(self, stream=sys.stdout, verbosity=1, title=None, description=None):
            self.stream = stream
            self.verbosity = verbosity
            if title is None:
                self.title = self.DEFAULT_TITLE
            else:
                self.title = title
            if description is None:
                self.description = self.DEFAULT_DESCRIPTION
            else:
                self.description = description
    
            self.startTime = datetime.datetime.now()
    
        def run(self, test):
            "Run the given test case or test suite."
            result = _TestResult(self.verbosity)
            test(result)
            self.stopTime = datetime.datetime.now()
            self.generateReport(test, result)
            print('\nTime Elapsed: %s' % (self.stopTime - self.startTime), file=sys.stderr)
            return result
    
        def sortResult(self, result_list):
            # unittest does not seems to run in any particular order.
            # Here at least we want to group them together by class.
            rmap = {}
            classes = []
            for n, t, o, e in result_list:
                cls = t.__class__
                if cls not in rmap:
                    rmap[cls] = []
                    classes.append(cls)
                rmap[cls].append((n, t, o, e))
            r = [(cls, rmap[cls]) for cls in classes]
            return r
    
        def getReportAttributes(self, result):
            """
            Return report attributes as a list of (name, value).
            Override this to add custom attributes.
            """
            startTime = str(self.startTime)[:19]
            duration = str(self.stopTime - self.startTime)
            status = []
            if result.success_count: status.append(u'通过 %s' % result.success_count)
            if result.failure_count: status.append(u'失败 %s' % result.failure_count)
            if result.error_count:   status.append(u'错误 %s' % result.error_count)
            if status:
                status = ' '.join(status)
            else:
                status = 'none'
            return [
                (u'开始时间', startTime),
                (u'运行时长', duration),
                (u'状态', status),
            ]
    
        def generateReport(self, test, result):
            report_attrs = self.getReportAttributes(result)
            generator = 'HTMLTestRunner %s' % __version__
            stylesheet = self._generate_stylesheet()
            heading = self._generate_heading(report_attrs)
            report = self._generate_report(result)
            ending = self._generate_ending()
            chart = self._generate_chart(result)
            output = self.HTML_TMPL % dict(
                title=saxutils.escape(self.title),
                generator=generator,
                stylesheet=stylesheet,
                heading=heading,
                report=report,
                ending=ending,
                chart_script=chart
            )
            self.stream.write(output.encode('utf8'))
    
        def _generate_stylesheet(self):
            return self.STYLESHEET_TMPL
    
        def _generate_heading(self, report_attrs):
            a_lines = []
            for name, value in report_attrs:
                line = self.HEADING_ATTRIBUTE_TMPL % dict(
                    name=saxutils.escape(name),
                    value=saxutils.escape(value),
                )
                a_lines.append(line)
            heading = self.HEADING_TMPL % dict(
                title=saxutils.escape(self.title),
                parameters=''.join(a_lines),
                description=saxutils.escape(self.description),
            )
            return heading
    
        def _generate_report(self, result):
            rows = []
            sortedResult = self.sortResult(result.result)
            for cid, (cls, cls_results) in enumerate(sortedResult):
                # subtotal for a class
                np = nf = ne = 0
                for n, t, o, e in cls_results:
                    if n == 0:
                        np += 1
                    elif n == 1:
                        nf += 1
                    else:
                        ne += 1
    
                # format class description
                if cls.__module__ == "__main__":
                    name = cls.__name__
                else:
                    name = "%s.%s" % (cls.__module__, cls.__name__)
                doc = cls.__doc__ and cls.__doc__.split("\n")[0] or ""
                desc = doc and '%s: %s' % (name, doc) or name
    
                row = self.REPORT_CLASS_TMPL % dict(
                    style=ne > 0 and 'errorClass' or nf > 0 and 'failClass' or 'passClass',
                    desc=desc,
                    count=np + nf + ne,
                    Pass=np,
                    fail=nf,
                    error=ne,
                    cid='c%s' % (cid + 1),
                )
                rows.append(row)
    
                for tid, (n, t, o, e) in enumerate(cls_results):
                    self._generate_report_test(rows, cid, tid, n, t, o, e)
    
            report = self.REPORT_TMPL % dict(
                test_list=''.join(rows),
                count=str(result.success_count + result.failure_count + result.error_count),
                Pass=str(result.success_count),
                fail=str(result.failure_count),
                error=str(result.error_count),
            )
            return report
    
        def _generate_chart(self, result):
            chart = self.ECHARTS_SCRIPT % dict(
                Pass=str(result.success_count),
                fail=str(result.failure_count),
                error=str(result.error_count),
            )
            return chart
    
        def _generate_report_test(self, rows, cid, tid, n, t, o, e):
            # e.g. 'pt1.1', 'ft1.1', etc
            has_output = bool(o or e)
            tid = (n == 0 and 'p' or 'f') + 't%s.%s' % (cid + 1, tid + 1)
            name = t.id().split('.')[-1]
            doc = t.shortDescription() or ""
            desc = doc and ('%s: %s' % (name, doc)) or name
            tmpl = has_output and self.REPORT_TEST_WITH_OUTPUT_TMPL or self.REPORT_TEST_NO_OUTPUT_TMPL
    
            script = self.REPORT_TEST_OUTPUT_TMPL % dict(
                id=tid,
                output=saxutils.escape(o + e),
            )
    
            row = tmpl % dict(
                tid=tid,
                Class=(n == 0 and 'hiddenRow' or 'none'),
                style=(n == 2 and 'errorCase' or (n == 1 and 'failCase' or 'none')),
                desc=desc,
                script=script,
                status=self.STATUS[n],
            )
            rows.append(row)
            if not has_output:
                return
    
        def _generate_ending(self):
            return self.ENDING_TMPL
    
    
    ##############################################################################
    # Facilities for running tests from the command line
    ##############################################################################
    
    # Note: Reuse unittest.TestProgram to launch test. In the future we may
    # build our own launcher to support more specific command line
    # parameters like test title, CSS, etc.
    class TestProgram(unittest.TestProgram):
        """
        A variation of the unittest.TestProgram. Please refer to the base
        class for command line parameters.
        """
    
        def runTests(self):
            # Pick HTMLTestRunner as the default test runner.
            # base class's testRunner parameter is not useful because it means
            # we have to instantiate HTMLTestRunner before we know self.verbosity.
            if self.testRunner is None:
                self.testRunner = HTMLTestRunner(verbosity=self.verbosity)
            unittest.TestProgram.runTests(self)
    
    
    main = TestProgram
    
    ##############################################################################
    # Executing this module from the command line
    ##############################################################################
    
    if __name__ == "__main__":
        main(module=None)

解释：HTMLTestRunner是测试报告的源码。因为源代码是英文的，而且少了一个测试人员这个参数，一般都会复制出来单独改动。就像ddt里面要去读取casename这个参数一样，也会去改源码。

## 第九讲、调用生成测试报告 ##

按照目录结构，打开caselist.txt文件，加入下面的内容

user/test01case
    #user/test02case
    #user/test03case
    #user/test04case
    #user/test05case
    #alarm/test_alarm_list
    #alarm/test_alarm_detail

这个文件的作用是，我们通过这个文件来控制，执行哪些模块下的哪些unittest用例文件。如在实际的项目中：user模块下的test01case.py，设备告警alarm模块下的告警列表test\_alarm\_list，如果本轮无需执行某些模块的用例的话，就在前面添加\#。我们继续，还缺少一个发送邮件的文件。打开common下的configEmail.py文件，加入以下代码：

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
    # @Time : 2020/11/24  11:28
    # @Author : Liqiju
    # @File : configEmail.py
    # @Software : PyCharm
    import os
    import smtplib
    from email.mime.text import MIMEText
    from email.header import Header
    from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
    from email.utils import formataddr
    import readConfig
    import getpathInfo
    
    read_conf = readConfig.ReadConfig() #配置类实例
    on_off = read_conf.get_email('on_off') #配置文件读取邮件开关
    smtp_server = read_conf.get_email('smtp_server')#配置文件读取SMTP服务器
    smtp_port = read_conf.get_email('smtp_port')#配置文件读取SMTP服务器端口
    subject = read_conf.get_email('subject')#配置文件读取邮件主题
    from_addr = read_conf.get_email('from_addr')#配置文件读取发件人
    to_addrs = read_conf.get_email('to_addrs')#配置文件读取收件人
    authorization_code = read_conf.get_email('authorization_code')#配置文件读取授权码
    report_path = os.path.join(getpathInfo.get_Path(),'result','report.html')#获取测试报告路径
    
    class Send_email():
         def __init__(self,on_off,smtp_server,smtp_port,subject,from_addr,to_addrs,authorization_code,report_path):
             self.on_off = on_off
             self.smtp_server = smtp_server
             self.smtp_port = smtp_port
             self.subject = subject
             self.from_addr = from_addr
             self.to_addrs = to_addrs
             self.authorization_code = authorization_code
             self.report_path = report_path
    
         def qq_email(self):
             # 配置服务器
             stmp = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(smtp_server, smtp_port)
             stmp.login(from_addr, authorization_code)
    
             # 创建一个带附件的实例
             message = MIMEMultipart()
             message['From'] = formataddr(["李自动化测试", from_addr])  # 发件人
             message['To'] = to_addrs  # 收件人，如果to_addrs直接用列表这里就会报错
             message['Subject'] = Header(subject, 'utf-8')  # 邮件标题
             message.attach(MIMEText('渊联测试云平台自动发送，\n附件report.html为测试报告，请查阅', 'plain', 'utf-8'))  # 邮件正文内容
    
             # 增加HTML附件
             atthtml = MIMEText(open(report_path, 'rb').read(), 'base64','utf-8') # 文件放在同一路径，不放在同一路径改一下比如'D:\\test\\report.html
             atthtml["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream'
             atthtml["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment;filename = "report.html"'
             message.attach(atthtml)
             try:
               if on_off == 'on':
                   stmp.sendmail(from_addr, to_addrs.split(','), message.as_string())  # 发送邮件,split分割后产生列表
                   print('邮件发送成功')
               else:
                   print("邮箱开关未打开")
             except Exception as e:
                   print('邮件发送失败--' + str(e))
    
    # 运行此文件来验证写的qq_email是否正确
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        print(subject)
        send_email = Send_email(on_off,smtp_server,smtp_port,subject,from_addr,to_addrs,authorization_code,report_path)
        send_email.qq_email()

执行以上程序，查看结果。

![20201207192628836.png][]

在邮箱中查看

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzI5NzIwNjU3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3][]

完全OK。这一块有不懂的参考我的另外一篇博客。 [python SMTP实现QQ邮箱发送附件带HTML的邮件（规范发件人和收件人地址）][python SMTP_QQ_HTML]

## 第十讲、创建程序运行主入口 ##

打开runAll.py文件，加入以下代码：

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
    # @Time : 2020/12/1  11:33
    # @Author : Liqiju
    # @File : runAll.py
    # @Software : PyCharm
    import os
    import common.HTMLTestRunner as HTMLTestRunner
    import getpathInfo
    import unittest
    import readConfig
    from common.configEmail import Send_email
    #引入定时框架APScheduler
    from apscheduler.schedulers.blocking import BlockingScheduler
    
    import common.Log
    
    read_conf = readConfig.ReadConfig() #配置类实例
    on_off = read_conf.get_email('on_off') #配置文件读取邮件开关
    smtp_server = read_conf.get_email('smtp_server')#配置文件读取SMTP服务器
    smtp_port = read_conf.get_email('smtp_port')#配置文件读取SMTP服务器端口
    subject = read_conf.get_email('subject')#配置文件读取邮件主题
    from_addr = read_conf.get_email('from_addr')#配置文件读取发件人
    to_addrs = read_conf.get_email('to_addrs')#配置文件读取收件人
    authorization_code = read_conf.get_email('authorization_code')#配置文件读取授权码
    report_path = os.path.join(getpathInfo.get_Path(),'result','report.html')#获取测试报告路径
    
    path = getpathInfo.get_Path()
    report_path = os.path.join(path,'result')
    on_off = readConfig.ReadConfig().get_email('on_off')
    
    log = common.Log.logger
    
    class ALLTest:
        def __init__(self):
            global resultPath
            resultPath = os.path.join(report_path,"report.html") #result/report.html
            self.caseListFile = os.path.join(path,"caselist.txt") #配置执行哪些测试文件的配置文件路径
            print("初始化配置文件路径",self.caseListFile)
            self.caseFile = os.path.join(path,"testCase") #真正的测试断言文件路径
            self.caseList = []
    
            log.info(resultPath) #将resultPath的值输入到日志，方便定位查看问题
            log.info(self.caseListFile) #同理
            log.info(self.caseList) #同理
    
        def set_case_list(self):
            """
            读取caselist.txt文件中的用例名称，并添加到caselist元素组
            :return:
            """
            fb = open(self.caseListFile)
            for value in fb.readlines():
                data = str(value)
                if data != ''and not data.startswith('#'): # 如果data非空且不以#开头
                    self.caseList.append(data.replace('\n','')) #读取每行数据会将换行转换为\n，去掉每行数据中的\
            fb.close()
    
        def set_case_suite(self):
            self.set_case_list() #通过set_case_list()拿到caselist元素组
            test_suite = unittest.TestSuite()
            suite_module = []
            for case in self.caseList:  # 从caselist元素组中循环取出case
                case_name = case.split("/")[-1]  # 通过split函数来将aaa/bbb分割字符串，-1取后面，0取前面
                print("打印出取出来的名称是",case_name + ".py")  # 打印出取出来的名称
                # 批量加载用例，第一个参数为用例存放路径，第一个参数为路径文件名
                discover = unittest.defaultTestLoader.discover(self.caseFile, pattern=case_name + '.py', top_level_dir=None)
                suite_module.append(discover)  # 将discover存入suite_module元素组
                print('打印的suite_module:' + str(suite_module))
            if len(suite_module) > 0:  # 判断suite_module元素组是否存在元素
                for suite in suite_module:  # 如果存在，循环取出元素组内容，命名为suite
                    for test_name in suite:  # 从discover中取出test_name，使用addTest添加到测试集
                        test_suite.addTest(test_name)
            else:
                print('执行set_case_suite的else部分代码')
                return None
            return test_suite  # 返回测试集
    
        def run(self):
            """
            run test
            :return:
            """
            try:
                suit = self.set_case_suite()  # 调用set_case_suite获取test_suite
                #print('执行try代码')
                print("--------------------",str(suit))
                if suit is not None:  # 判断test_suite是否为空
                    fp = open(resultPath, 'wb')  # 打开result/report.html测试报告文件，如果不存在就创建
                    # 调用HTMLTestRunner
                    runner = HTMLTestRunner.HTMLTestRunner(stream=fp, title='Test Report', description='Test Description')
                    runner.run(suit)
                else:
                    print("没有案例可以测试")
            except Exception as ex:
                print(str(ex))
                log.info(str(ex))
    
            finally:
                print("*********测试结束*********")
                log.info("*********测试结束*********")
                fp.close()
            # 判断邮件发送的开关
            if on_off == 'on':
                send_email = Send_email(on_off, smtp_server, smtp_port, subject, from_addr, to_addrs, authorization_code,report_path)
                send_email.qq_email()
            else:
                print("邮件发送开关配置关闭，打开开关后可正常发送测试报告")
    #scheduler = BlockingScheduler()
    #scheduler.add_job(ALLTest().run, 'interval', hours=1)
    #scheduler.add_job(ALLTest().run, 'interval', seconds=10)
    #scheduler.start()
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        ALLTest().run()

执行以上代码，查看结果。

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzI5NzIwNjU3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4][] 去邮箱打开report.html查看

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzI5NzIwNjU3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5][]

一切OK。 至此我们的框架基本搭建好了。但是缺少日志的输出，需要在一些关键的参数调用的地方我们来输出一些日志。从而更方便的来维护和查找问题。请看下一讲。

## 第十一讲、添加日志输出 ##

打开common下的Log.py文件，加入以下代码：

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
    # @Time : 2020/11/24 0024 11:29
    # @Author : Liqiju
    # @File : Log.py.py
    # @Software : PyCharm
    import os
    import logging
    from logging.handlers import  TimedRotatingFileHandler
    import getpathInfo
    
    path = getpathInfo.get_Path()
    log_path = os.path.join(path,'result') #存放log文件路径
    
    
    class Logger(object):
        def __init__(self, logger_name='logs…'):
            self.logger = logging.getLogger(logger_name)
            logging.root.setLevel(logging.NOTSET)
            self.log_file_name = 'logs'  # 日志文件的名称
            self.backup_count = 5  # 最多存放日志的数量
            # 日志输出级别
            self.console_output_level = 'WARNING'
            self.file_output_level = 'DEBUG'
            # 日志输出格式
            self.formatter = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s')
    
        def get_logger(self):
            """在logger中添加日志句柄并返回，如果logger已有句柄，则直接返回"""
            if not self.logger.handlers:  # 避免重复日志
                console_handler = logging.StreamHandler()
                console_handler.setFormatter(self.formatter)
                console_handler.setLevel(self.console_output_level)
                self.logger.addHandler(console_handler)
    
                # 每天重新创建一个日志文件，最多保留backup_count份
                file_handler = TimedRotatingFileHandler(filename=os.path.join(log_path, self.log_file_name), when='D',
                                                        interval=1, backupCount=self.backup_count, delay=True,
                                                        encoding='utf-8')
                file_handler.setFormatter(self.formatter)
                file_handler.setLevel(self.file_output_level)
                self.logger.addHandler(file_handler)
            return self.logger
    
    logger = Logger().get_logger()

然后在需要我们输出日志的地方添加日志：

修改runAll.py文件，在顶部增加import common.Log，然后增加标红框的代码

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzI5NzIwNjU3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6][]

再次运行runALL.py。 打开logs文件

![20201207194044577.png][]

发现logs正确打印

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzI5NzIwNjU3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 7][]

有了日志，还不够。我们再添加一个定时任务。请看下一讲

## 第十二讲、项目定时运行 ##

这里我们利用的是定时框架Apscheduler。关于定时任务，网上很多用法，大家有兴趣可以后面自己研究。

更改runALL.py文件，把下面红线的3行注释，释放，再次运行。

![20201207194349708.png][]

我这里为了便于测试设置了10秒一次，发送得很频繁。大家根据实际的需要设置或者改为其他比如一天执行一次的用法。

我这里收件人有2个，一个企业邮箱，一个qq邮箱。

自己的企业邮箱

![20201207170002984.png][]

![20201207170025153.png][]

另外一个QQ邮箱

![20201207193320224.png][]

![20201207170101111.png][]

完全OK。至此，恭喜你，框架基本搭建好了。

## 后话 ##

后续我们可以对此框架进行进一步的优化改造，使用我们的真实项目接口，加入数据库的校验等等。

有疑问可以一起探讨！

写在文章最后，推荐几本测试人员必备的python好书。共勉（第一本了解接口测试，第二本扎实python基础，第三本熟悉掌握python流行的框架Django）

2020年12月7日

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzI5NzIwNjU3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 8][]

[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzI5NzIwNjU3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: /images/20221120/aaca14393e0a48e5899a1a05d4470576.png
[http_127.0.0.1_8888_login_name_xiaoming_pwd_11188]: http://127.0.0.1:8888/login?name=xiaoming&pwd=11188
[20201207164026509.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201207164026509.png
[20201207164146391.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201207164146391.png
[20201207164521505.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201207164521505.png
[2020120716461770.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/2020120716461770.png
[20201207172859677.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201207172859677.png
[20201207173522262.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201207173522262.png
[20201207173936864.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201207173936864.png
[20201207174108546.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201207174108546.png
[20201207174141365.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201207174141365.png
[20201207174252845.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201207174252845.png
[20201207174741882.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201207174741882.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzI5NzIwNjU3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201207175209966.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzI5NzIwNjU3,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[20201207190855651.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201207190855651.png
[http_127.0.0.1_8888_login]: http://127.0.0.1:8888/login?
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzI5NzIwNjU3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201207191417380.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzI5NzIwNjU3,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[20201207192628836.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201207192628836.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzI5NzIwNjU3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201207192733514.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzI5NzIwNjU3,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[python SMTP_QQ_HTML]: https://blog.csdn.net/qq_29720657/article/details/110133760
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzI5NzIwNjU3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 4]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201207193431595.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzI5NzIwNjU3,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzI5NzIwNjU3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 5]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/2020120719353896.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzI5NzIwNjU3,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzI5NzIwNjU3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 6]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201207193958363.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzI5NzIwNjU3,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[20201207194044577.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201207194044577.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzI5NzIwNjU3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 7]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201207194140809.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzI5NzIwNjU3,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[20201207194349708.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201207194349708.png
[20201207170002984.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201207170002984.png
[20201207170025153.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201207170025153.png
[20201207193320224.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201207193320224.png
[20201207170101111.png]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201207170101111.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzI5NzIwNjU3_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 8]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/2020120517562320.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzI5NzIwNjU3,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70