SpringCloud项目整合OSS对象存储

待我称王封你为后i 2022-12-01 11:53 412阅读 0赞

### 文章目录 ###

*   *  一、缘起
     *  二、技术方案
     *   *  服务端签名后直传
         *   *  背景
             *  原理介绍
     *  三、实现案例
     *   *  1.开通阿里云OSS
         *  2.使用OSS SDK
         *   *  1) 安装SDK
             *  2) 上传文件到OSS
         *  3.整合Spring Cloud Alicloud OSS
         *   *  1) passjava-common项目引入spring-cloud-starter-alicloud-oss依赖
             *  2) 配置alicloud oss
             *  3）测试上传
         *  4.获取服务端签名
         *   *  4.1 准备工作：
             *  4.2 获取签名类
             *  4.3 配置网关路由
             *  4.4 配置跨域访问
             *  4.5 Web端上传组件

## 一、缘起 ##

> 文件上传在系统中用的很频繁，所以我们需要将上传的文件进行存储，传统的将文件上传到本机已不适用分布式系统。自己搭建文件服务器有复杂性和维护成本。所以我们可以采用市面上成熟的文件存储服务，如阿里云的OSS对象存储服务。

每个 OSS 的用户都会用到上传服务。Web 端常见的上传方法是用户在浏览器或 APP 端上传文件到应用服务器，应用服务器再把文件上传到 OSS。具体流程如下图所示。  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3N1Y2hhaGFlcmthbmc_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center]  
和数据直传到 OSS 相比，以上方法有三个缺点：

*  上传慢：用户数据需先上传到应用服务器，之后再上传到OSS。网络传输时间比直传到OSS多一倍。如果用户数据不通过应用服务器中转，而是直传到OSS，速度将大大提升。而且OSS采用BGP带宽，能保证各地各运营商之间的传输速度。
 *  扩展性差：如果后续用户多了，应用服务器会成为瓶颈。
 *  费用高：需要准备多台应用服务器。由于OSS上传流量是免费的，如果数据直传到OSS，不通过应用服务器，那么将能省下几台应用服务器。

## 二、技术方案 ##

### 服务端签名后直传 ###

#### 背景 ####

采用JavaScript客户端直接签名时，AccessKeyID和AcessKeySecret会暴露在前端页面，因此存在严重的安全隐患。因此，OSS提供了服务端签名后直传的方案。

#### 原理介绍 ####

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3N1Y2hhaGFlcmthbmc_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 1]  
服务端签名后直传的原理如下：

*  用户发送上传Policy请求到应用服务器。
 *  应用服务器返回上传Policy和签名给用户。
 *  用户直接上传数据到OSS。

## 三、实现案例 ##

### 1.开通阿里云OSS ###

*  登录阿里云官网  
    [https://www.aliyun.com/sale-season/2020/procurement-new-members?userCode=thp9caen][https_www.aliyun.com_sale-season_2020_procurement-new-members_userCode_thp9caen]

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3N1Y2hhaGFlcmthbmc_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 2]

*  创建Bucket 存储桶

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3N1Y2hhaGFlcmthbmc_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 3]

*  获取accesskey id和secret

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3N1Y2hhaGFlcmthbmc_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 4]

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3N1Y2hhaGFlcmthbmc_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 5]

*  分配权限  
    分配 管理对象存储服务（OSS）权限  
    ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3N1Y2hhaGFlcmthbmc_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 6]

### 2.使用OSS SDK ###

#### 1) 安装SDK ####

在Maven项目中加入依赖项

https://help.aliyun.com/document_detail/32009.html?spm=a2c4g.11186623.6.769.2c5145dc4TUgTa
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.aliyun.oss</groupId>
        <artifactId>aliyun-sdk-oss</artifactId>
        <version>3.8.0</version>
    </dependency>

#### 2) 上传文件到OSS ####

@Test
    void testUploadByOss() throws FileNotFoundException {
        // Endpoint以杭州为例，其它Region请按实际情况填写。
        String endpoint = "http://oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com";
        // 阿里云主账号AccessKey拥有所有API的访问权限，风险很高。强烈建议您创建并使用RAM账号进行API访问或日常运维，请登录 https://ram.console.aliyun.com 创建RAM账号。
        String accessKeyId = "LTAI4G3KxBJ26EUbWsenmqhP";
        String accessKeySecret = "RHtADVlvlKJvVBQnFNNvnne9p4NwnA";
        String bucketName = "passjava";
    
        // <yourObjectName>上传文件到OSS时需要指定包含文件后缀在内的完整路径，例如abc/efg/123.jpg。
        String localFile = "C:\\Users\\Administrator\\Pictures\\coding_java.png";
        String fileKeyName = "coding_java.png";
        // 创建OSSClient实例。
        OSS ossClient = new OSSClientBuilder().build(endpoint, accessKeyId, accessKeySecret);
    
        InputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream(localFile);
        ossClient.putObject(bucketName, fileKeyName, inputStream);
    
        // 关闭OSSClient。
        ossClient.shutdown();
    }

### 3.整合Spring Cloud Alicloud OSS ###

#### 1) passjava-common项目引入spring-cloud-starter-alicloud-oss依赖 ####

<dependency>
        <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alicloud-oss</artifactId>
    </dependency>

#### 2) 配置alicloud oss ####

spring:
      cloud:
        alicloud:
          access-key: xxxx
          secret-key: xxxx
          oss:
            endpoint: oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com

#### 3）测试上传 ####

@Autowired
    OSSClient ossClient;
    
    @Test
    void testUploadByAlicloudOss() throws FileNotFoundException {
        String bucketName = "passjava";
        String localFile = "C:\\Users\\Administrator\\Pictures\\coding_java.png";
        String fileKeyName = "coding_java.png";
        InputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream(localFile);
        ossClient.putObject(bucketName, fileKeyName, inputStream);
        ossClient.shutdown();
    }

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3N1Y2hhaGFlcmthbmc_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 7]

### 4.获取服务端签名 ###

#### 4.1 准备工作： ####

*  创建一个第三方服务passjava-thirdparty
 *  引入passjava-common模块，并且排除mybatis-plus依赖

<dependency>
        <groupId>com.jackson0714.passjava</groupId>
        <artifactId>passjava-common</artifactId>
        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <exclusions>
            <exclusion>
                <groupId>com.baomidou</groupId>
                <artifactId>mybatis-plus-boot-starter</artifactId>
            </exclusion>
        </exclusions>
    </dependency>

*  配置服务发现和端口

spring:
      cloud:
        nacos:
          discovery:
            server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848
      application:
            name: passjava-thirdparty
    server:
      port: 14000

*  配置配置中心

spring.application.name=passjava-thirdparty
    spring.cloud.nacos.config.server-addr=127.0.0.1:8848
    spring.cloud.nacos.config.namespace=passjava-thirdparty
    
    spring.cloud.nacos.config.extension-configs[0].data-id=oss.yml
    spring.cloud.nacos.config.extension-configs[0].group=DEFAULT_GROUP
    spring.cloud.nacos.config.extension-configs[0].refresh=true

*  配置Nacos命名空间和oss.yml

spring:
      cloud:
        alicloud:
          access-key: LTAI4G3KxBJ26EUbWsenmqhP
          secret-key: RHtADVlvlKJvVBQnFNNvnne9p4NwnA
          oss:
            endpoint: oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3N1Y2hhaGFlcmthbmc_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 8]

*  开启服务发现@EnableDiscoveryClient

@EnableDiscoveryClient
    @SpringBootApplication
    public class PassjavaThirdpartyApplication {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            SpringApplication.run(PassjavaThirdpartyApplication.class, args);
        }
    }

#### 4.2 获取签名类 ####

@RestController
    @RequestMapping("/thirdparty/v1/admin/oss")
    public class OssController {
    
        @Autowired
        OSS ossClient;
    
        @Value("${spring.cloud.alicloud.access-key}")
        private String accessId;
    
        @Value("${spring.cloud.alicloud.secret-key}")
        private String accessKey;
    
        @Value("${spring.cloud.alicloud.oss.endpoint}")
        private String endpoint;
    
        @Value("${spring.cloud.alicloud.oss.bucket}")
        private String bucket;
    
        @RequestMapping("/getPolicy")
        public Map<String, String> getPolicy() {
            String host = "https://" + bucket + "." + endpoint; // host的格式为 bucketname.endpoint
            // callbackUrl为 上传回调服务器的URL，请将下面的IP和Port配置为您自己的真实信息。
            // String callbackUrl = "http://88.88.88.88:8888";
            String formatDate = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd").format(new Date());
            String dir = formatDate + "/"; // 用户上传文件时指定的前缀。
    
            Map<String, String> respMap = new LinkedHashMap<String, String>();
    
            try {
                long expireTime = 30;
                long expireEndTime = System.currentTimeMillis() + expireTime * 1000;
                Date expiration = new Date(expireEndTime);
                PolicyConditions policyConds = new PolicyConditions();
                policyConds.addConditionItem(PolicyConditions.COND_CONTENT_LENGTH_RANGE, 0, 1048576000);
                policyConds.addConditionItem(MatchMode.StartWith, PolicyConditions.COND_KEY, dir);
    
                String postPolicy = ossClient.generatePostPolicy(expiration, policyConds);
                byte[] binaryData = postPolicy.getBytes("utf-8");
                String encodedPolicy = BinaryUtil.toBase64String(binaryData);
                String postSignature = ossClient.calculatePostSignature(postPolicy);
    
    
                respMap.put("accessid", accessId);
                respMap.put("policy", encodedPolicy);
                respMap.put("signature", postSignature);
                respMap.put("dir", dir);
                respMap.put("host", host);
                respMap.put("expire", String.valueOf(expireEndTime / 1000));
    
    
            } catch (Exception e) {
                // Assert.fail(e.getMessage());
                System.out.println(e.getMessage());
            } finally {
                ossClient.shutdown();
            }
    
            return respMap;
        }
    }

测试接口

http://localhost:14000/api/thirdparty/v1/admin/oss/getPolicy 
    {
    	"accessid": "LTAI4G3KxBJ26EUbWsenmqhP",
    	"policy": "eyJleHBpcmF0aW9uIjoiMjAyMC0wNC0yOFQwMjozMzowNy42NzNaIiwiY29uZGl0aW9ucyI6W1siY29udGVudC1sZW5ndGgtcmFuZ2UiLDAsMTA0ODU3NjAwMF0sWyJzdGFydHMtd2l0aCIsIiRrZXkiLCIyMDIwLTA0LTI4LyJdXX0=",
    	"signature": "pfn4cggFTMMNqTs+qUnDN5c+k5M=",
    	"dir": "2020-04-28/",
    	"host": "https://passjava.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com",
    	"expire": "1588041187"
    }

#### 4.3 配置网关路由 ####

因为前端页面配置的统一访问路径是http://localhost:8060/api/，所以需要将访问thirdparty的服务通过网关路由到thirdparty服务

将请求
    http://localhost:8060/api/thirdparty/v1/admin/oss/getPolicy
    转发到
    http://localhost:14000/api/thirdparty/v1/admin/oss/getPolicy

配置网关：

spring:
      cloud:
        gateway:
          routes:
            - id: route_thirdparty # 题目微服务路由规则
              uri: lb://passjava-thirdparty # 负载均衡，将请求转发到注册中心注册的assjava-thirdparty服务
              predicates: # 断言
                - Path=/api/thirdparty/** # 如果前端请求路径包含 api/thirdparty，则应用这条路由规则
              filters: #过滤器
                - RewritePath=/api/(?<segment>.*),/$\{segment} # 将跳转路径中包含的api替换成空

测试可以上传成功

#### 4.4 配置跨域访问 ####

配置跨域访问，所有post请求都可以跨域访问  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3N1Y2hhaGFlcmthbmc_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 9]

#### 4.5 Web端上传组件 ####

*  单文件上传组件

singleUpload.vue
    <template> 
      <div>
        <el-upload
          action="http://passjava.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com"
          :data="dataObj"
          list-type="picture"
          :multiple="false" :show-file-list="showFileList"
          :file-list="fileList"
          :before-upload="beforeUpload"
          :on-remove="handleRemove"
          :on-success="handleUploadSuccess"
          :on-preview="handlePreview">
          <el-button size="small" type="primary">点击上传</el-button>
          <div slot="tip" class="el-upload__tip">只能上传jpg/png文件，且不超过10MB</div>
        </el-upload>
        <el-dialog :visible.sync="dialogVisible">
          <img width="100%" :src="fileList[0].url" alt="">
        </el-dialog>
      </div>
    </template>
    <script>
       import {policy} from './policy'
       import { getUUID } from '@/utils'
    
      export default {
        name: 'singleUpload',
        props: {
          value: String
        },
        computed: {
          imageUrl() {
            return this.value;
          },
          imageName() {
            if (this.value != null && this.value !== '') {
              return this.value.substr(this.value.lastIndexOf("/") + 1);
            } else {
              return null;
            }
          },
          fileList() {
            return [{
              name: this.imageName,
              url: this.imageUrl
            }]
          },
          showFileList: {
            get: function () {
              return this.value !== null && this.value !== ''&& this.value!==undefined;
            },
            set: function (newValue) {
            }
          }
        },
        data() {
          return {
            dataObj: {
              policy: '',
              signature: '',
              key: '',
              ossaccessKeyId: '',
              dir: '',
              host: '',
              // callback:'',
            },
            dialogVisible: false
          };
        },
        methods: {
          emitInput(val) {
            this.$emit('input', val)
          },
          handleRemove(file, fileList) {
            this.emitInput('');
          },
          handlePreview(file) {
            this.dialogVisible = true;
          },
          beforeUpload(file) {
            let _self = this;
            return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
              policy().then(response => {
                _self.dataObj.policy = response.data.policy;
                _self.dataObj.signature = response.data.signature;
                _self.dataObj.ossaccessKeyId = response.data.accessid;
                _self.dataObj.key = response.data.dir + getUUID()+'_${filename}';
                _self.dataObj.dir = response.data.dir;
                _self.dataObj.host = response.data.host;
                resolve(true)
              }).catch(err => {
                reject(false)
              })
            })
          },
          handleUploadSuccess(res, file) {
            console.log("上传成功...")
            this.showFileList = true;
            this.fileList.pop();
            this.fileList.push({name: file.name, url: this.dataObj.host + '/' + this.dataObj.key.replace("${filename}",file.name) });
            this.emitInput(this.fileList[0].url);
          }
        }
      }
    </script>
    <style>
    
    </style>

*  获取签名的JS文件

import http from '@/utils/httpRequest.js'
    export function policy () {
      return new Promise((resolve) => {
        http({
          url: http.adornUrl('/thirdparty/v1/admin/oss/getPolicy'),
          method: 'get',
          params: http.adornParams({})
        }).then(({ data }) => {
          resolve(data)
        })
      })
    }

*  使用单文件上传组件

使用上传图片组件
    <el-form-item label="类型logo路径" prop="logoUrl">
        <single-upload v-model="dataForm.logoUrl"></single-upload>
    </el-form-item>
    
    <script>
      import SingleUpload from "@/components/upload/singleUpload" // 引入单文件上传组件
      export default {
        components:{ SingleUpload }
      }
    </script>

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3N1Y2hhaGFlcmthbmc_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 10]  
上传文件成功

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[https_www.aliyun.com_sale-season_2020_procurement-new-members_userCode_thp9caen]: https://www.aliyun.com/sale-season/2020/procurement-new-members?userCode=thp9caen
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