Java接口自动化测试系列[V1.0.0][GETPOST]

以你之姓@ 2022-11-29 12:58 190阅读 0赞

HttpClient隶属于Apache的HttpComponents项目，它提供了更加丰富且高效的HTTP访问方式，具备几个特色纯Java实现、支持HTTPS、支持通过CONNECT方法建立管道链接、支持Basic、Digest和NTLM等鉴权方式，开源等等

## 配置Maven ##

<dependency>
          <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
          <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
          <version>4.5.12</version>
        </dependency>

## GET方法测试代码 ##

> GET方法可用于获取指定资源，GET方法的URL中可以携带参数

package org.davieyang.httpinterfacetest;
    
    import java.net.URI;
    import java.net.URISyntaxException;
    import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
    import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
    import org.apache.http.client.utils.URIBuilder;
    import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
    import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
    import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
    
    
    public class TestGetInterface { 
        /** * 发送GET请求 * @param args: 入口参数 */
        public static void main(String[] args){ 
            CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();
            // 通过调用HttpClients的静态方法构建一个HTTP客户端
            HttpGet httpGet1 = new HttpGet("http://localhost:8080/mobilePhone?model=iPhone+6S");
            // GET请求通过实例化HttpGet类来实现，其他HTTP请求也有相应的类，即HttpDelete/HttpHead/HttpOptions/HttpPatch/HttpPost/HttpPut
            // HttpTrace
            // 使用String的方式构建Get请求，语法简洁，但结构不清晰
            URI uri = null;
            try{ 
               uri = new URIBuilder().setScheme("http").setHost("localhost").setPort(8080).setPath("/mobilePhone")
                       .setParameter("model", "iPhone 6S").build();
            } catch (URISyntaxException e){ 
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            // 使用URI构建，结构清晰，但过程复杂，且构建过程可能造成URI语法异常
            // 当遇到空格的时候，第一种方式需要手动将空格替换为+号，第二种方式会自动编码
            HttpGet httpGet2 = new HttpGet(uri);
            CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
            try { 
                response = client.execute(httpGet1);
                System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity()));
                response = client.execute(httpGet2);
                System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity()));
            } catch (Exception e){ 
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            // 通过HTTP客户端执行请求得到服务器响应，并将结果打印到控制台
        }
    }

## POST方法测试代码 ##

> POST方法用于创建或修改指定资源，例如表单提交文件上传等，该方法既可以在URL中携带参数，也可以在请求体中携带参数

package org.davieyang.httpinterfacetest;
    import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
    import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
    import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType;
    import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
    import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
    import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
    import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
    
    public class TestPostInterface { 
        public static void main(String[] args){ 
            CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();
            // 构建并发送RESTful POST请求
            HttpPost restPost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/mobilePhone");
            // 使用StringEntity设置请求体和Content-Type
            StringEntity stringEntity = new StringEntity(
                    "{\"brand\":\"Motorola\", \"model\":\"motoZPlay\", \"os\":\"ANDROID\"}", ContentType.APPLICATION_JSON);
            restPost.setEntity(stringEntity);
            CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
            try{ 
                response = client.execute(restPost);
                System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity()));
            } catch (Exception e){ 
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
    
            // 构建和发送SOAP请求
            HttpPost soapPost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/MobilePhones");
            // 使用String方式构建请求
            String soapString = "<soapenv:Envelope "
                    + "xmlns:soapenv=\"http://achemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/\""
                    + "xmlns:hi=\" http://www.davieyang.com\">\r\n"
                + "<soapenv:Header/>\r\n"
                + "<soapenv:Body>\r\n"
                + "<hi:getMobilePhoneRequest>\r\n"
                + "<hi:model>iPhone 6S</hi:model>\r\n"
                + "</hi:getMobilePhoneRequest>\r\n"
                + "</soapenv:Body>\r\n"
                + "</soapenv:Envelope>";
            // 使用StringEntity设置请求体和Content-Type
            stringEntity = new StringEntity(soapString, ContentType.TEXT_XML);
            soapPost.setEntity(stringEntity);
            response = null;
            try{ 
                response = client.execute(soapPost);
                System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity()));
            } catch (Exception e){ 
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }