ElasticSearch搜索语法学习（term，filter，bool，terms，range）

蔚落 2022-11-21 11:20 303阅读 0赞

# ES搜索语法学习 #

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## 目录 ##

1.  原始数据
2.  term，filter使用
3.  bool组合多个filter条件来搜索数据
4.  terms搜索多个值以及多值搜索结果优化
5.  基于range filter来进行范围过滤
6.  手动控制全文检索结果的精准度
7.  dis\_max实现best fields策略进行多字段搜索
8.

--------------------

### 1. term，filter使用 ###

##### 0. 原始数据（目录1~2使用） #####

POST /forum/article/_bulk
    {
         "index": {
         "_id": 1 }}
    {
         "articleID" : "XHDK-A-1293-#fJ3", "userID" : 1, "hidden": false, "postDate": "2017-01-01" }
    {
         "index": {
         "_id": 2 }}
    {
         "articleID" : "KDKE-B-9947-#kL5", "userID" : 1, "hidden": false, "postDate": "2017-01-02" }
    {
         "index": {
         "_id": 3 }}
    {
         "articleID" : "JODL-X-1937-#pV7", "userID" : 2, "hidden": false, "postDate": "2017-01-01" }
    {
         "index": {
         "_id": 4 }}
    {
         "articleID" : "QQPX-R-3956-#aD8", "userID" : 2, "hidden": true, "postDate": "2017-01-02" }

##### 1. 根据用户ID搜索帖子 #####

{
        
        "query" : {
        
            "constant_score" : {
         
                "filter" : {
        
                    "term" : {
         
                        "userID" : 1
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

1.  query：搜索
2.  constant\_score：默认
3.  filter：过滤
4.  term filter/query：对搜索文本不分词，直接拿去倒排索引中匹配，你输入的是什么，就去匹配什么。比如说，如果对搜索文本进行分词的话，“helle world” --> “hello”和“world”，两个词分别去倒排索引中匹配term，“hello world” --> “hello world”，直接去倒排索引中匹配“hello world”
5.  相当于SQL中的单个where条件
6.  搜索其他字段类似

--------------------

### 2. bool组合多个filter条件来搜索数据 ###

##### 1. 搜索发帖日期为2017-01-01，或者帖子ID为XHDK-A-1293-\#fJ3的帖子，同时要求帖子的发帖日期绝对不为2017-01-02 #####

1.  SQL实现

select *
    from forum.article
    where (post_date='2017-01-01' or article_id='XHDK-A-1293-#fJ3')
    and post_date!='2017-01-02'

GET /forum/article/_search
    {
      "query": {
        "constant_score": {
          "filter": {
            "bool": {
              "should": [
                {
       "term": { "postDate": "2017-01-01" }},
                {
       "term": {
       "articleID": "XHDK-A-1293-#fJ3"}}
              ],
              "must_not": {
                "term": {
                  "postDate": "2017-01-02"
                }
              }
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }

##### 2. 搜索帖子ID为XHDK-A-1293-\#fJ3，或者是帖子ID为JODL-X-1937-\#pV7而且发帖日期为2017-01-01的帖子 #####

select *
    from forum.article
    where article_id='XHDK-A-1293-#fJ3'
    or (article_id='JODL-X-1937-#pV7' and post_date='2017-01-01')

GET /forum/article/_search 
    {
        
      "query": {
        
        "constant_score": {
        
          "filter": {
        
            "bool": {
        
              "should": [
                {
        
                  "term": {
        
                    "articleID": "XHDK-A-1293-#fJ3"
                  }
                },
                {
        
                  "bool": {
        
                    "must": [
                      {
        
                        "term":{
        
                          "articleID": "JODL-X-1937-#pV7"
                        }
                      },
                      {
        
                        "term": {
        
                          "postDate": "2017-01-01"
                        }
                      }
                    ]
                  }
                }
              ]
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }

1.  bool：组合多个过滤条件
    
    1.  must：必须匹配
    2.  must\_not：必须不匹配
    3.  should：可以匹配其中任意一个即可
2.  bool可以嵌套
3.  相当于SQL中的多个and条件

--------------------

### 3. terms搜索多个值以及多值搜索结果优化 ###

##### 0. 原始数据 #####

POST /forum/article/_bulk
    {
         "update": {
         "_id": "1"} }
    {
         "doc" : {
        "tag" : ["java", "hadoop"]} }
    {
         "update": {
         "_id": "2"} }
    {
         "doc" : {
        "tag" : ["java"]} }
    {
         "update": {
         "_id": "3"} }
    {
         "doc" : {
        "tag" : ["hadoop"]} }
    {
         "update": {
         "_id": "4"} }
    {
         "doc" : {
        "tag" : ["java", "elasticsearch"]} }

1.  term: \{“field”: “value”\}
2.  terms: \{“field”: \[“value1”, “value2”\]\}
3.  相当于sql中的in

select * from tbl where col in ("value1", "value2")

##### 1. 搜索articleID为KDKE-B-9947-\#kL5或QQPX-R-3956-\#aD8的帖子 #####

GET /forum/article/_search 
    {
        
      "query": {
        
        "constant_score": {
        
          "filter": {
        
            "terms": {
        
              "articleID": [
                "KDKE-B-9947-#kL5",
                "QQPX-R-3956-#aD8"
              ]
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }

##### 2. 搜索tag中包含java的帖子 #####

GET /forum/article/_search
    {
        
        "query" : {
        
            "constant_score" : {
        
                "filter" : {
        
                    "terms" : {
         
                        "tag" : ["java"]
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

1.  此时会将tag中包含java字符串的结果返回

"took": 2,
      "timed_out": false,
      "_shards": {
        
        "total": 5,
        "successful": 5,
        "failed": 0
      },
      "hits": {
        
        "total": 3,
        "max_score": 1,
        "hits": [
          {
        
            "_index": "forum",
            "_type": "article",
            "_id": "2",
            "_score": 1,
            "_source": {
        
              "articleID": "KDKE-B-9947-#kL5",
              "userID": 1,
              "hidden": false,
              "postDate": "2017-01-02",
              "tag": [
                "java"
              ]
            }
          },
          {
        
            "_index": "forum",
            "_type": "article",
            "_id": "4",
            "_score": 1,
            "_source": {
        
              "articleID": "QQPX-R-3956-#aD8",
              "userID": 2,
              "hidden": true,
              "postDate": "2017-01-02",
              "tag": [
                "java",
                "elasticsearch"
              ]
            }
          },
          {
        
            "_index": "forum",
            "_type": "article",
            "_id": "1",
            "_score": 1,
            "_source": {
        
              "articleID": "XHDK-A-1293-#fJ3",
              "userID": 1,
              "hidden": false,
              "postDate": "2017-01-01",
              "tag": [
                "java",
                "hadoop"
              ]
            }
          }
        ]
      }
    }

##### 3. 优化搜索结果，仅仅搜索tag只包含java的帖子 #####

1.  添加字段，标识tag数量

POST /forum/article/_bulk
    {
         "update": {
         "_id": "1"} }
    {
         "doc" : {
        "tag_cnt" : 2} }
    {
         "update": {
         "_id": "2"} }
    {
         "doc" : {
        "tag_cnt" : 1} }
    {
         "update": {
         "_id": "3"} }
    {
         "doc" : {
        "tag_cnt" : 1} }
    {
         "update": {
         "_id": "4"} }
    {
         "doc" : {
        "tag_cnt" : 2} }

GET /forum/article/_search
    {
        
      "query": {
        
        "constant_score": {
        
          "filter": {
        
            "bool": {
        
              "must": [
                {
        
                  "term": {
        
                    "tag_cnt": 1
                  }
                },
                {
        
                  "terms": {
        
                    "tag": ["java"]
                  }
                }
              ]
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }

1.  如果tag包含\[“java”, “hadoop”, “elasticsearch”\]，搜索的就是只包含"java", “hadoop”, "elasticsearch"其中一个字符串的数据
2.  terms用于多值搜索
3.  优化terms多值搜索的结果
4.  相当于SQL中的in语句

--------------------

### 4. 基于range filter来进行范围过滤 ###

##### 0. 为帖子数据增加浏览量的字段 #####

POST /forum/article/\_bulk  
\{ “update”: \{ “\_id”: “1”\} \}  
\{ “doc” : \{“view\_cnt” : 30\} \}  
\{ “update”: \{ “\_id”: “2”\} \}  
\{ “doc” : \{“view\_cnt” : 50\} \}  
\{ “update”: \{ “\_id”: “3”\} \}  
\{ “doc” : \{“view\_cnt” : 100\} \}  
\{ “update”: \{ “\_id”: “4”\} \}  
\{ “doc” : \{“view\_cnt” : 80\} \}

##### 1. 搜索浏览量在30~60之间的帖子 #####

GET /forum/article/_search
    {
        
      "query": {
        
        "constant_score": {
        
          "filter": {
        
            "range": {
        
              "view_cnt": {
        
                "gt": 30,
                "lt": 60
              }
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }

1.  range：范围搜索
2.  gt：大于
3.  gte：大于等于
4.  lt：小于
5.  lte：小于等于

##### 2. 搜索发帖日期在最近1个月的帖子 #####

1.  添加数据

POST /forum/article/_bulk
    {
         "index": {
         "_id": 5 }}
    {
         "articleID" : "DHJK-B-1395-#Ky5", "userID" : 3, "hidden": false, "postDate": "2017-03-01", "tag": ["elasticsearch"], "tag_cnt": 1, "view_cnt": 10 }

GET /forum/article/_search 
    {
        
      "query": {
        
        "constant_score": {
        
          "filter": {
        
            "range": {
        
              "postDate": {
        
                "gt": "2017-03-10||-30d"
              }
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }
    
    GET /forum/article/_search 
    {
        
      "query": {
        
        "constant_score": {
        
          "filter": {
        
            "range": {
        
              "postDate": {
        
                "gt": "now-30d"
              }
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }

1.  range，相当于sql中的between，或者>=，<=，做范围过滤。

--------------------

### 5. 手动控制全文检索结果的精准度 ###

##### 0. 为帖子数据增加标题字段 #####

POST /forum/article/\_bulk  
\{ “update”: \{ “\_id”: “1”\} \}  
\{ “doc” : \{“title” : “this is java and elasticsearch blog”\} \}  
\{ “update”: \{ “\_id”: “2”\} \}  
\{ “doc” : \{“title” : “this is java blog”\} \}  
\{ “update”: \{ “\_id”: “3”\} \}  
\{ “doc” : \{“title” : “this is elasticsearch blog”\} \}  
\{ “update”: \{ “\_id”: “4”\} \}  
\{ “doc” : \{“title” : “this is java, elasticsearch, hadoop blog”\} \}  
\{ “update”: \{ “\_id”: “5”\} \}  
\{ “doc” : \{“title” : “this is spark blog”\} \}

##### 1. 搜索标题中包含java或elasticsearch的blog #####

1.  这个，就跟之前的那个term query，不一样了。不是搜索exact value，是进行full text全文检索。
2.  match query，是负责进行全文检索的。当然，如果要检索的field，是not\_analyzed类型的，那么match query也相当于term query。

GET /forum/article/_search
    {
        
        "query": {
        
            "match": {
        
                "title": "java elasticsearch"
            }
        }
    }

##### 2. 搜索标题中包含java和elasticsearch的blog #####

1.  搜索结果精准控制的第一步：灵活使用and关键字，如果你是希望所有的搜索关键字都要匹配的，那么就用and，可以实现单纯match query无法实现的效果

GET /forum/article/_search
    {
        
        "query": {
        
            "match": {
        
                "title": {
        
    		"query": "java elasticsearch",
    		"operator": "and"
       	    }
            }
        }
    }

##### 3. 搜索包含java，elasticsearch，spark，hadoop，4个关键字中，至少3个的blog #####

GET /forum/article/_search
    {
        
      "query": {
        
        "match": {
        
          "title": {
        
            "query": "java elasticsearch spark hadoop",
            "minimum_should_match": "75%"
          }
        }
      }
    }

##### 4. 用bool组合多个搜索条件，来搜索title #####

GET /forum/article/_search
    {
        
      "query": {
        
        "bool": {
        
          "must":     {
         "match": {
         "title": "java" }},
          "must_not": {
         "match": {
         "title": "spark"  }},
          "should": [
                      {
         "match": {
         "title": "hadoop" }},
                      {
         "match": {
         "title": "elasticsearch"   }}
          ]
        }
      }
    }

##### 5. 搜索java，hadoop，spark，elasticsearch，至少包含其中3个关键字 #####

1.  默认情况下，should是可以不匹配任何一个的，比如上面的搜索中，this is java blog，就不匹配任何一个should条件
2.  但是有个例外的情况，如果没有must的话，那么should中必须至少匹配一个才可以。比如下面的搜索，should中有4个条件，默认情况下，只要满足其中一个条件，就可以匹配作为结果返回
3.  但是可以精准控制，should的4个条件中，至少匹配几个才能作为结果返回

GET /forum/article/_search
    {
        
      "query": {
        
        "bool": {
        
          "should": [
            {
         "match": {
         "title": "java" }},
            {
         "match": {
         "title": "elasticsearch"   }},
            {
         "match": {
         "title": "hadoop"   }},
    	{
         "match": {
         "title": "spark"   }}
          ],
          "minimum_should_match": 3 
        }
      }
    }

1.  全文检索的时候，进行多个值的检索，有两种做法，match query；should
2.  控制搜索结果精准度：and operator，minimum\_should\_match

--------------------

### 6. dis\_max实现best fields策略进行多字段搜索 ###

##### 0. 为帖子数据增加content字段 #####

POST /forum/article/_bulk
    {
         "update": {
         "_id": "1"} }
    {
         "doc" : {
        "content" : "i like to write best elasticsearch article"} }
    {
         "update": {
         "_id": "2"} }
    {
         "doc" : {
        "content" : "i think java is the best programming language"} }
    {
         "update": {
         "_id": "3"} }
    {
         "doc" : {
        "content" : "i am only an elasticsearch beginner"} }
    {
         "update": {
         "_id": "4"} }
    {
         "doc" : {
        "content" : "elasticsearch and hadoop are all very good solution, i am a beginner"} }
    {
         "update": {
         "_id": "5"} }
    {
         "doc" : {
        "content" : "spark is best big data solution based on scala ,an programming language similar to java"} }

##### 1. 搜索title或content中包含java或solution的帖子 #####

1.  下面这个就是multi-field搜索，多字段搜索

GET /forum/article/_search
    {
        
        "query": {
        
            "bool": {
        
                "should": [
                    {
         "match": {
         "title": "java solution" }},
                    {
         "match": {
         "content":  "java solution" }}
                ]
            }
        }
    }

1.  best fields策略，就是说，搜索到的结果，应该是某一个field中匹配到了尽可能多的关键词，被排在前面；而不是尽可能多的field匹配到了少数的关键词，排在了前面
2.  dis\_max语法，直接取多个query中，分数最高的那一个query的分数即可

GET /forum/article/_search
    {
        
        "query": {
        
            "dis_max": {
        
                "queries": [
                    {
         "match": {
         "title": "java solution" }},
                    {
         "match": {
         "content":  "java solution" }}
                ]
            }
        }
    }