定时任务的 5 种创建方式，还有谁不会！！

红太狼 2022-10-07 03:56 377阅读 0赞

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支持生成定时任务表达式和反解析，使用Quartz表达式的定时任务如下：

*  **xxl-job**
 *  **springboot 的 @Scheduled**
 *  **Quartz 框架**

## 一、定时任务的五种创建方式 ##

#### [1、使用线程创建 job 定时任务][1_ job] ####

/**
      * TODO 使用线程创建 job 定时任务
      * @author 王松
      */
    public class JobThread {
    
        public static class Demo01 {
            static long count = 0;
    
            public static void main(String[] args) {
                Runnable runnable = new Runnable() {
                    @Override
                    public void run() {
                        while (true) {
                            try {
                                Thread.sleep(1000);
                                count++;
                                System.out.println(count);
                            } catch (Exception e) {
                                // TODO: handle exception
                            }
                        }
                    }
                };
                Thread thread = new Thread(runnable);
                thread.start();
            }
        }
    }

#### [2、使用 TimerTask 创建job定时任务][1_ job] ####

/**
     * TODO 使用 TimerTask 创建job定时任务
     * @author 王松
     */
    public class JobTimerTask {
    
        static long count = 0;
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            TimerTask timerTask = new TimerTask() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    count++;
                    System.out.println(count);
                }
            };
            //创建timer对象设置间隔时间
            Timer timer = new Timer();
            // 间隔天数
            long delay = 0;
            // 间隔毫秒数
            long period = 1000;
            timer.scheduleAtFixedRate(timerTask, delay, period);
        }
    }

#### [3、使用线程池创建 job定时任务][1_ job] ####

/**
      * TODO 使用线程池创建 job定时任务
      * @author 王松
      */
    public class JobScheduledExecutorService {
            public static void main(String[] args) {
                Runnable runnable = new Runnable() {
                    @Override
                    public void run() {
                        // task to run goes here
                        System.out.println("Hello !!");
                    }
                };
                ScheduledExecutorService service = Executors.newSingleThreadScheduledExecutor();
                // 第二个参数为首次执行的延时时间，第三个参数为定时执行的间隔时间
                service.scheduleAtFixedRate(runnable, 1, 1, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
            }
    }

#### [4、**Quartz** 框架][1_ job] ####

[1、引入maven依赖][1_ job]

<dependencies>
      
         <dependency>
              <groupId>org.quartz-scheduler</groupId>
              <artifactId>quartz</artifactId>
              <version>2.2.1</version>
         </dependency>
         <dependency>
              <groupId>org.quartz-scheduler</groupId>
              <artifactId>quartz-jobs</artifactId>
              <version>2.2.1</version>
         </dependency>
    </dependencies>

[2、任务调度类][1_ job]

public class MyJob implements Job {
    
        @Override
        public void execute(JobExecutionContext context) throws JobExecutionException {
            System.out.println("quartz MyJob date:" + System.currentTimeMillis());
        }
    }

[3、启动类][1_ job]

public class JobQuartz {
    
        public static void main(String[] args) throws SchedulerException {
            //1.创建Scheduler的工厂
            SchedulerFactory sf = new StdSchedulerFactory();
            //2.从工厂中获取调度器实例
            Scheduler scheduler = sf.getScheduler();
            //3.创建JobDetail，
            JobDetail jb = JobBuilder.newJob(MyJob.class)
                    //job的描述
                    .withDescription("this is a ram job")
                    //job 的name和group
                    .withIdentity("ramJob", "ramGroup")
                    .build();
            //任务运行的时间，SimpleSchedle类型触发器有效，3秒后启动任务
            long time= System.currentTimeMillis() + 3*1000L;
            Date statTime = new Date(time);
            //4.创建Trigger
            //使用SimpleScheduleBuilder或者CronScheduleBuilder
            Trigger t = TriggerBuilder.newTrigger()
                    .withDescription("")
                    .withIdentity("ramTrigger", "ramTriggerGroup")
                    //.withSchedule(SimpleScheduleBuilder.simpleSchedule())
                    //默认当前时间启动
                    .startAt(statTime)
                    //两秒执行一次，Quartz表达式，支持各种牛逼表达式
                    .withSchedule(CronScheduleBuilder.cronSchedule("0/2 * * * * ?"))
                    .build();
            //5.注册任务和定时器
            scheduler.scheduleJob(jb, t);
            //6.启动 调度器
            scheduler.start();
        }

#### [5、springboot 的 @Scheduled 注解][1_ job] ####

@Component
    @Configuration      //1.主要用于标记配置类，兼备Component的效果。
    @EnableScheduling   // 2.开启定时任务
    public class SaticScheduleTask {
    
        @Scheduled(cron = "0/5 * * * * ?") //3.添加定时任务
        //@Scheduled(fixedRate=5000) //或直接指定时间间隔，例如：5秒
        private void configureTasks() {
            System.err.println("执行静态定时任务时间: " + LocalDateTime.now());
        }
    }

## 二、xxl-job 任务调度后台 Admin ##

xxl-job 有什么用？

*  分布式集群的情况下，保证定时任务不被重复执行。
 *  执行原理同Nginx 类型，所有定时任务通过任务调度平台分发，也可配置负载均衡等等
 *  首先让我们能够使用起来，搭建一个自己的任务

**第一步: github下载源码导入**

下载地址：https://github.com/xuxueli/xxl-job/

当前版本目录结构 2.1.1

Spring Boot 基础教程就不介绍了，推荐看这里：https://github.com/javastacks/spring-boot-best-practice

![bec9344fc65605d4e366b09bc4610d40.png][]

**第二步: 执行sql**

文件地址：xxl-job/doc/db/tables\_xxl\_job.sql

当前2.1.1版本sql

![0654502d3d8734ba931f19133f041185.png][]

**第三步: 修改xxl-job-admin项目配置**

配置文件：application.properties

修改数据库连接，另外，Spring Boot 系列面试题和答案全部整理好了，微信搜索Java技术栈，在后台发送：面试，可以在线阅读。

![ba1d225bb62761b29a4f85a260582b78.png][]

**第四步: 启动admin项目**

springboot 方式启动项目

![22e74a70e481c6c590d73b62c8d28584.png][]

访问 http://localhost:8080/xxl-job-admin/

账号密码：admin / 123456

![05334380cf5c84e36a4958e6c0569059.png][]

任务调度中心就搭建好了，《 [*Spring Boot 学习笔记*][1_ job]》分享给你。

接下来需要创建一个服务器连接任务调度中心。

## 三、自创建boot项目的任务xxl-job ##

创建一个 boot 项目

我的目录结构

![ab6067e4b3f207238cb5dc94bd339fd0.png][]

pom.xml

web核心及 xxl-job-core

<dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    
    
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.xuxueli</groupId>
        <artifactId>xxl-job-core</artifactId>
        <version>2.1.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </dependency>

logback.xml

[日志配置直接拷贝][Link 1]

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <configuration debug="false" scan="true" scanPeriod="1 seconds">
    
        <contextName>logback</contextName>
        <property name="log.path" value="/data/applogs/xxl-job/xxl-job-executor-sample-springboot.log"/>
    
        <appender name="console" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
            <encoder>
                <pattern>%d{HH:mm:ss.SSS} %contextName [%thread] %-5level %logger{36} - %msg%n</pattern>
            </encoder>
        </appender>
    
        <appender name="file" class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
            <file>${log.path}</file>
            <rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy">
                <fileNamePattern>${log.path}.%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.zip</fileNamePattern>
            </rollingPolicy>
            <encoder>
                <pattern>%date %level [%thread] %logger{36} [%file : %line] %msg%n
                </pattern>
            </encoder>
        </appender>
    
        <root level="info">
            <appender-ref ref="console"/>
            <appender-ref ref="file"/>
        </root>
    
    </configuration>

[application.properties 加入配置][Link 1]

[需修改或自定义][Link 1]

*  [xxl-job admin 地址][Link 1]
 *  [xxl.job.executor.appname 自定义名称，后台配置必须对应][Link 1]
 *  [xxl.job.executor.ip 当前电脑Ip，或部署项目的电脑Ip][Link 1]
 *  [xxl.job.executor.port 端口][Link 1]

# 端口号
    server.port=8081
    # 日志
    logging.config=classpath:logback.xml
    
    ## xxl-job admin 地址，多个逗号分隔"
    xxl.job.admin.addresses=http://127.0.0.1:8080/xxl-job-admin
    
    ## xxl-job名称 || socket ip 当前项目部署的ip地址/本机ip || socket 端口号
    xxl.job.executor.appname=xxl-job-executor-sample
    xxl.job.executor.ip=192.168.43.153
    xxl.job.executor.port=9999
    
    ## xxl-job, access token
    xxl.job.accessToken=
    ## xxl-job log path
    xxl.job.executor.logpath=/data/applogs/xxl-job/jobhandler
    ## xxl-job log retention days
    xxl.job.executor.logretentiondays=-1

[添加boot配置类 XxlJobConfig][Link 1]

/**
     * xxl-job xxljob.config
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("ALL")
    @Configuration
    public class XxlJobConfig {
        private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(XxlJobConfig.class);
    
        @Value("${xxl.job.admin.addresses}")
        private String adminAddresses;
    
        @Value("${xxl.job.executor.appname}")
        private String appName;
    
        @Value("${xxl.job.executor.ip}")
        private String ip;
    
        @Value("${xxl.job.executor.port}")
        private int port;
    
        @Value("${xxl.job.accessToken}")
        private String accessToken;
    
        @Value("${xxl.job.executor.logpath}")
        private String logPath;
    
        @Value("${xxl.job.executor.logretentiondays}")
        private int logRetentionDays;
    
    
        @Bean(initMethod = "start", destroyMethod = "destroy")
        public XxlJobSpringExecutor xxlJobExecutor() {
            logger.info(">>>>>>>>>>> xxl-job xxljob.config init.");
            XxlJobSpringExecutor xxlJobSpringExecutor = new XxlJobSpringExecutor();
            xxlJobSpringExecutor.setAdminAddresses(adminAddresses);
            xxlJobSpringExecutor.setAppName(appName);
            xxlJobSpringExecutor.setIp(ip);
            xxlJobSpringExecutor.setPort(port);
            xxlJobSpringExecutor.setAccessToken(accessToken);
            xxlJobSpringExecutor.setLogPath(logPath);
            xxlJobSpringExecutor.setLogRetentionDays(logRetentionDays);
            System.err.println(ip+":"+port);
            return xxlJobSpringExecutor;
        }
    
        /**
         * 针对多网卡、容器内部署等情况，可借助 "spring-cloud-commons" 提供的 "InetUtils" 组件灵活定制注册IP；
         *
         * 1、引入依赖：
         * <dependency>
         * <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
         * <artifactId>spring-cloud-commons</artifactId>
         * <version>${version}</version>
         * </dependency>
         *
         * 2、配置文件，或者容器启动变量
         * spring.cloud.inetutils.preferred-networks: 'xxx.xxx.xxx.'
         *
         * 3、获取IP
         * String ip_ = inetUtils.findFirstNonLoopbackHostInfo().getIpAddress();
         */
    }

[任务job][Link 1]

@JobHandler(value="demoJobHandler")
    @Component
    public class DemoJobHandler extends IJobHandler {
    
         static int count;
        @Override
        public ReturnT<String> execute(String param) throws Exception {
            System.out.println("执行job任务"+count++);
            return SUCCESS;
        }
    }

[admin 后台配置][Link 1]

执行管理器下

![d52962e2da122e8409cca7ed20635826.png][]

任务管理下编辑任务

定时规则生成：http://cron.qqe2.com/

job任务名：@JobHandler注解值 >> 如:@JobHandler(value=“demoJobHandler”)

![3585c4c5c8d87cf9b26f35d21711a529.png][]

启动

![91fb9a95402e8a923b992e7be98c4980.png][]

这样就配置完成了

![2d92e2cacea9a25bfddbd1b142f879ec.png][]

*原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq\_41463655/article/details/100839629*

![3f297a6cdf647c4da373ea1b9b3bff73.gif][]

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