Hibernate的基本开发流程
一、Hibernate开发的基本流程
二、Hibernate开发的环境搭建
1、引入Hibernate核心包以及Hibernate依赖包即可。可以在Hibernate目录下的\lib\required目录下找到所需jar包。
2、加入数据库驱动。这里主要是采用Mysql数据库来操作，所以在这里引入MysqL的JDBC驱动。
3、提供核心配置文件hibernate.cfg.xml文件（在src文件夹下即可）。
三、数据库方面的操作
在mysql中新建一个数据库Hibernate5，然后建立如下的一个表来进行测试。
create table T_register
(
id int primary key,
userName varchar(30),
userPwd varchar(30),
sex varchar(10),
age int
)
四、编写POJO类
根据数据表的字段情况，创建如下持久化类，实际上是一个javaBean类
package com.chen;public class TRegister{//定义基本属性，与数据库中的字段对应。注意都是引用类型private Integer id;private String userName;private String userPwd;private String sex;private Integer age;// Constructors/** default constructor */public TRegister() {}/** minimal constructor */public TRegister(Integer id) {this.id = id;}/** full constructor */public TRegister(Integer id, String userName, String userPwd, String sex, Integer age) {this.id = id;this.userName = userName;this.userPwd = userPwd;this.sex = sex;this.age = age;}// 定义get set方法public Integer getId() {return this.id;}public void setId(Integer id) {this.id = id;}public String getUserName() {return this.userName;}public void setUserName(String userName) {this.userName = userName;}public String getUserPwd() {return this.userPwd;}public void setUserPwd(String userPwd) {this.userPwd = userPwd;}public String getSex() {return this.sex;}public void setSex(String sex) {this.sex = sex;}public Integer getAge() {return this.age;}public void setAge(Integer age) {this.age = age;}}
五、配置相关的xml文件
1、配置hibernate.cfg.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN""http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd"><hibernate-configuration><session-factory><!-- 配置连接数据库的基本信息 --><property name="connection.username">root</property><property name="connection.password">root</property><property name="connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property><property name="connection.url">jdbc:mysql://192.168.1.148:3306/hibernate5</property><!-- 配置 hibernate 的基本信息 --><!-- hibernate 所使用的数据库方言 --><property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLInnoDBDialect</property><!-- 执行操作时是否在控制台打印 SQL --><property name="show_sql">true</property><!-- 是否对 SQL 进行格式化 --><property name="format_sql">true</property><!-- 指定关联的 .hbm.xml 文件 --><mapping resource="com/chen/TRegister.hbm.xml"/></session-factory></hibernate-configuration>
注意：Hibernate4连接MySQL5.X数据库无法自动创建表，解决方法把数据库方言设为
2、配置映射文件TRegister.hbm.xml
在持久化类所在的包中建立TRegister.hbm.xml ,可以通过eclipse Hibernate插件来完成
<?xml version="1.0"?><!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN""http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"><!-- Generated 2017-3-7 22:14:28 by Hibernate Tools 3.4.0.CR1 --><hibernate-mapping><class name="com.chen.TRegister" table="TREGISTER"><id name="id" type="java.lang.Integer"><column name="ID" /><!-- 我在MYSQL中并没有设置该字段递增，但在Hibernate中依然可以设置为递增 --><generator class="increment" /></id><property name="userName" type="java.lang.String"><column name="USERNAME" /></property><property name="userPwd" type="java.lang.String"><column name="USERPWD" /></property><property name="sex" type="java.lang.String"><column name="SEX" /></property><property name="age" type="java.lang.Integer"><column name="AGE" /></property></class></hibernate-mapping>
六、编写事务处理类HibernateUtil.java
package hibernate;import org.hibernate.HibernateException;import org.hibernate.Session;import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;import org.hibernate.service.ServiceRegistry;import org.hibernate.service.ServiceRegistryBuilder;public class HibernateUtil {private static final SessionFactory sessionFactory;static{try{Configuration config = new Configuration().configure();ServiceRegistry serviceRegistry=new ServiceRegistryBuilder().applySettings(config.getProperties()).buildServiceRegistry();sessionFactory = config.buildSessionFactory(serviceRegistry);}catch(Throwable e){throw new ExceptionInInitializerError(e);}}public static final ThreadLocal session = new ThreadLocal();public static Session currentSession() throws HibernateException{Session s = (Session)session.get();//Open a new Session,if this Thread has none yetif(s == null || !s.isOpen()){s = sessionFactory.openSession();session.set(s);}return s;}public static void closeSession() throws HibernateException{Session s = (Session)session.get();session.set(null);if(s != null)s.close();}}
七、编写Servlet控制类RegisterServlet
package servlet;import java.io.IOException;import java.io.PrintWriter;import javax.servlet.ServletException;import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;import org.hibernate.HibernateException;import org.hibernate.Session;import org.hibernate.Transaction;import com.chen.TRegister;import hibernate.HibernateUtil;/*** Servlet implementation class RegisterServlet*/@WebServlet("/RegisterServlet")public class RegisterServlet extends HttpServlet {private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;private static final String CONTENT_TYPE = "text/html;charset=GBK";/*** @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()*/public RegisterServlet() {super();// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub}/*** @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)*/protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {response.setContentType(CONTENT_TYPE);request.setCharacterEncoding("GBK");PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();String userName = request.getParameter("userName");String userPwd = request.getParameter("userPwd");String sex = request.getParameter("sex");int age = Integer.parseInt(request.getParameter("age"));TRegister rg = new TRegister();rg.setAge(age);rg.setSex(sex);rg.setUserName(userName);rg.setUserPwd(userPwd);Session session = HibernateUtil.currentSession();//生成Session实例Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();try{session.save(rg); //保存持久类对象tx.commit(); //提交到数据库session.close();response.sendRedirect("registerOK.jsp");}catch(HibernateException e){e.printStackTrace();tx.rollback();}}/*** @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)*/protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {// TODO Auto-generated method stubdoGet(request, response);}}
八、编写jsp页面进行测试
1、register.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=GBK"pageEncoding="GBK"%><!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"><html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=GBK"><title>Insert title here</title></head><body><form action="RegisterServlet" method="POST">用户名：<input type="text" name="userName" /><BR>密 码：<input type="text" name="userPwd" /><BR>性 别：<input type="text" name="sex" /><BR>年 龄：<input type="text" name="age" /><BR><input type="submit" value="save" /></form></body></html>
2、 registerOK.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"pageEncoding="UTF-8"%><!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"><html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><title>Insert title here</title></head><body>数据已保存到数据库，请查看.......</body></html>
九、运行验证
运行register.jsp页面，填写信息，完成后点击save完成保存。查看数据库可以看到数据已保存。
ゝ一世哀愁。
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