Oracle 12C Study--RMAN新特性-基于表时间点恢复

ゝ一世哀愁。 2022-09-25 03:23 253阅读 0赞

**Oracle 12C Study--RMAN新特性-基于表时间点恢复**

** 在Oracle数据库中，对于用户因DDL（drop或truncate）等误操作，引起的数据丢失；一般可以通过基于数据库的时间点不完全恢复和基于表空间的时间点恢复（TSPITR）进行数据恢复；但在Oracle 12c RMAN又推出了新的特性：基于表的时间点恢复，相比前两种方式，更加方便和更具有可操作性。**

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**案例分析：通过RMAN执行基于表时间点的恢复：**

**1、测试环境**

**11:56:54 SCOTT@ orcl> select \* from tab**

TNAME                                    TABTYPE  CLUSTERID

\---------------------------------------- ------- ----------

T1                                       TABLE

SALGRADE                                 TABLE

EMPLOYEES                                TABLE

EMP1                                     TABLE

EMP                                      TABLE

DEPT                                     TABLE

BONUS                                    TABLE

7 rows selected.

**11:56:54 SCOTT@ orcl>select count(1) from emp1;**

COUNT(1)

\----------

112

**11:57:09 SCOTT@ orcl>select table\_name,tablespace\_name from user\_tables;**

TABLE\_NAME                     TABLESPACE\_NAME

\------------------------------ ------------------------------

T1                             USERS

EMP1                           USERS

SALGRADE                       USERS

BONUS                          USERS

DEPT                           USERS

EMPLOYEES                      LOW\_COST\_TBS1

EMP                            LOW\_COST\_TBS1

7 rows selected.

**2、查看数据库备份信息**

**RMAN> list backup of database;**

List of Backup Sets

===================

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time

\------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------

3       Full    1.70M      DISK        00:00:00     08-AUG-16

BP Key: 3   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20160808T115958

Piece Name: /backup/orcl/ORCL\_users\_3.bk

List of Datafiles in backup set 3

File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time  Name

---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----

6       Full 2874187    08-AUG-16 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1\_mf\_users\_crgy2c5t\_.dbf

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time

\------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------

4       Full    1.18G      DISK        00:01:27     08-AUG-16

BP Key: 4   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20160808T120909

Piece Name: /backup/orcl/ORCL\_4.bak

List of Datafiles in backup set 4

File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time  Name

---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----

1       Full 2875198    08-AUG-16 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1\_mf\_system\_cr26h8nw\_.dbf

2       Full 2875198    08-AUG-16 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/adotbs1\_01.dbf

3       Full 2875198    08-AUG-16 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1\_mf\_sysaux\_cr26g2f6\_.dbf

4       Full 2875198    08-AUG-16 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1\_mf\_undotbs1\_cr26k3t7\_.dbf

5       Full 2875198    08-AUG-16 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/low\_cost\_tbs01.dbf

6       Full 2875198    08-AUG-16 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1\_mf\_users\_crgy2c5t\_.dbf

**RMAN> list backup of tablespace users;**

List of Backup Sets

===================

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time

\------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------

3       Full    1.70M      DISK        00:00:00     08-AUG-16

BP Key: 3   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20160808T115958

Piece Name: /backup/orcl/ORCL\_users\_3.bk

List of Datafiles in backup set 3

File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time  Name

---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----

6       Full 2874187    08-AUG-16 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1\_mf\_users\_crgy2c5t\_.dbf

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time

\------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------

4       Full    1.18G      DISK        00:01:27     08-AUG-16

BP Key: 4   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20160808T120909

Piece Name: /backup/orcl/ORCL\_4.bak

List of Datafiles in backup set 4

File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time  Name

---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----

6       Full 2875198    08-AUG-16 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1\_mf\_users\_crgy2c5t\_.dbf

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time

\------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------

6       Full    1.70M      DISK        00:00:00     08-AUG-16

BP Key: 6   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20160808T121206

Piece Name: /backup/orcl/ORCL\_users\_6.bk

List of Datafiles in backup set 6

File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time  Name

---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----

6       Full 2875369    08-AUG-16 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1\_mf\_users\_crgy2c5t\_.dbf

**3、查看当前数据库 scn**

**  以此时间点或scn作为表恢复的时间点（对于生产环境，需用logminer工具查询准确的时间点，本案例为测试环境）**

**12:13:02 SYS@ orcl>select timestamp\_to\_scn(current\_timestamp) from v$database;**

TIMESTAMP\_TO\_SCN(CURRENT\_TIMESTAMP)

\-----------------------------------

2875437

**12:08:42 SCOTT@ orcl>select count(\*) from emp1;**

COUNT(\*)

\----------

112

**4、SCOTT.EMP1被误删除**

**12:08:57 SCOTT@ orcl>drop table emp1 purge;**

Table dropped.

**5、通过rman执行表基于时间点的恢复操作**

**\[oracle@enmoedu ~\]$ mkdir /u01/aux**

**RMAN> recover table scott.emp1**

**2> until scn 2875437**

**3> auxiliary destination '/u01/aux';**

Starting recover at 08-AUG-16

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

current log archived

allocated channel: ORA\_DISK\_1

channel ORA\_DISK\_1: SID=80 device type=DISK

RMAN-05026: WARNING: presuming following set of tablespaces applies to specified Point-in-Time

List of tablespaces expected to have UNDO segments

Tablespace SYSTEM

Tablespace UNDOTBS1

**// Oracle自动建立用于恢复的auxiliary Instance**

Creating automatic instance, with SID='fwsy'

initialization parameters used for automatic instance:

db\_name=ORCL

db\_unique\_name=fwsy\_pitr\_ORCL

compatible=12.1.0.2.0

db\_block\_size=8192

db\_files=200

diagnostic\_dest=/u01/app/oracle

\_system\_trig\_enabled=FALSE

sga\_target=564M

processes=200

db\_create\_file\_dest=/u01/aux

log\_archive\_dest\_1='location=/u01/aux'

\#No auxiliary parameter file used

starting up automatic instance ORCL

Oracle instance started

Total System Global Area     591396864 bytes

Fixed Size                     2927096 bytes

Variable Size                176162312 bytes

Database Buffers             406847488 bytes

Redo Buffers                   5459968 bytes

Automatic instance created

**//通过源库的rman备份，restore数据库到auxiliary database**

contents of Memory Script:

\# set requested point in time

set until  scn 2875437;

\# restore the controlfile

restore clone controlfile;

\# mount the controlfile

sql clone 'alter database mount clone database';

\# archive current online log

sql 'alter system archive log current';

executing Memory Script

executing command: SET until clause

Starting restore at 08-AUG-16

allocated channel: ORA\_AUX\_DISK\_1

channel ORA\_AUX\_DISK\_1: SID=21 device type=DISK

channel ORA\_AUX\_DISK\_1: starting datafile backup set restore

channel ORA\_AUX\_DISK\_1: restoring control file

channel ORA\_AUX\_DISK\_1: reading from backup piece /backup/orcl/ORCL\_5.bak

channel ORA\_AUX\_DISK\_1: piece handle=/backup/orcl/ORCL\_5.bak tag=TAG20160808T120909

channel ORA\_AUX\_DISK\_1: restored backup piece 1

channel ORA\_AUX\_DISK\_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

output file name=/u01/aux/ORCL/controlfile/o1\_mf\_ctj1v7x9\_.ctl

Finished restore at 08-AUG-16

sql statement: alter database mount clone database

sql statement: alter system archive log current

contents of Memory Script:

\# set requested point in time

**set until scn 2875437;**

** **

**// restore的表空间有system、sysaux、undo、users（表所在的表空间）**

\# set destinations for recovery set and auxiliary set datafiles

set newname for clone datafile  1 to new;

set newname for clone datafile  4 to new;

set newname for clone datafile  3 to new;

set newname for clone tempfile  1 to new;

\# switch all tempfiles

switch clone tempfile all;

\# restore the tablespaces in the recovery set and the auxiliary set

restore clone datafile  1, 4, 3;

switch clone datafile all;

executing Memory Script

executing command: SET until clause

executing command: SET NEWNAME

renamed tempfile 1 to /u01/aux/ORCL/datafile/o1\_mf\_temp\_%u\_.tmp in control file

Starting restore at 08-AUG-16

using channel ORA\_AUX\_DISK\_1

channel ORA\_AUX\_DISK\_1: starting datafile backup set restore

channel ORA\_AUX\_DISK\_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set

channel ORA\_AUX\_DISK\_1: restoring datafile 00001 to /u01/aux/ORCL/datafile/o1\_mf\_system\_%u\_.dbf

channel ORA\_AUX\_DISK\_1: restoring datafile 00004 to /u01/aux/ORCL/datafile/o1\_mf\_undotbs1\_%u\_.dbf

channel ORA\_AUX\_DISK\_1: restoring datafile 00003 to /u01/aux/ORCL/datafile/o1\_mf\_sysaux\_%u\_.dbf

channel ORA\_AUX\_DISK\_1: reading from backup piece /backup/orcl/ORCL\_4.bak

channel ORA\_AUX\_DISK\_1: piece handle=/backup/orcl/ORCL\_4.bak tag=TAG20160808T120909

channel ORA\_AUX\_DISK\_1: restored backup piece 1

channel ORA\_AUX\_DISK\_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:01:05

Finished restore at 08-AUG-16

datafile 1 switched to datafile copy

input datafile copy RECID=4 STAMP=919340207 file name=/u01/aux/ORCL/datafile/o1\_mf\_system\_ctj1vgr5\_.dbf

datafile 4 switched to datafile copy

input datafile copy RECID=5 STAMP=919340207 file name=/u01/aux/ORCL/datafile/o1\_mf\_undotbs1\_ctj1vgsj\_.dbf

datafile 3 switched to datafile copy

input datafile copy RECID=6 STAMP=919340208 file name=/u01/aux/ORCL/datafile/o1\_mf\_sysaux\_ctj1vgr8\_.dbf

contents of Memory Script:

\# set requested point in time

set until  scn 2875437;

\# online the datafiles restored or switched

sql clone "alter database datafile  1 online";

sql clone "alter database datafile  4 online";

sql clone "alter database datafile  3 online";

\# recover and open database read only

recover clone database tablespace  "SYSTEM", "UNDOTBS1", "SYSAUX";

sql clone 'alter database open read only';

executing Memory Script

executing command: SET until clause

sql statement: alter database datafile  1 online

sql statement: alter database datafile  4 online

sql statement: alter database datafile  3 online

**//  在auxiliary database执行基于时间点的不完全恢复**

Starting recover at 08-AUG-16

using channel ORA\_AUX\_DISK\_1

starting media recovery

archived log for thread 1 with sequence 22 is already on disk as file /dsk1/arch\_orcl/arch\_\_1\_22\_916789058.log

archived log file name=/dsk1/arch\_orcl/arch\_\_1\_22\_916789058.log thread=1 sequence=22

media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

Finished recover at 08-AUG-16

sql statement: alter database open read only

contents of Memory Script:

sql clone "create spfile from memory";

shutdown clone immediate;

startup clone nomount;

sql clone "alter system set  control\_files =

''/u01/aux/ORCL/controlfile/o1\_mf\_ctj1v7x9\_.ctl'' comment=

''RMAN set'' scope=spfile";

shutdown clone immediate;

startup clone nomount;

\# mount database

sql clone 'alter database mount clone database';

executing Memory Script

sql statement: create spfile from memory

database closed

database dismounted

Oracle instance shut down

connected to auxiliary database (not started)

Oracle instance started

Total System Global Area     591396864 bytes

Fixed Size                     2927096 bytes

Variable Size                180356616 bytes

Database Buffers             402653184 bytes

Redo Buffers                   5459968 bytes

sql statement: alter system set  control\_files =   ''/u01/aux/ORCL/controlfile/o1\_mf\_ctj1v7x9\_.ctl'' comment= ''RMAN set'' scope=spfile

Oracle instance shut down

connected to auxiliary database (not started)

Oracle instance started

Total System Global Area     591396864 bytes

Fixed Size                     2927096 bytes

Variable Size                180356616 bytes

Database Buffers             402653184 bytes

Redo Buffers                   5459968 bytes

sql statement: alter database mount clone database

contents of Memory Script:

\# set requested point in time

set until  scn 2875437;

\# set destinations for recovery set and auxiliary set datafiles

set newname for datafile  6 to new;

\# restore the tablespaces in the recovery set and the auxiliary set

restore clone datafile  6;

switch clone datafile all;

executing Memory Script

executing command: SET until clause

executing command: SET NEWNAME

Starting restore at 08-AUG-16

allocated channel: ORA\_AUX\_DISK\_1

channel ORA\_AUX\_DISK\_1: SID=21 device type=DISK

channel ORA\_AUX\_DISK\_1: starting datafile backup set restore

channel ORA\_AUX\_DISK\_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set

channel ORA\_AUX\_DISK\_1: restoring datafile 00006 to /u01/aux/FWSY\_PITR\_ORCL/datafile/o1\_mf\_users\_%u\_.dbf

channel ORA\_AUX\_DISK\_1: reading from backup piece /backup/orcl/ORCL\_users\_6.bk

channel ORA\_AUX\_DISK\_1: piece handle=/backup/orcl/ORCL\_users\_6.bk tag=TAG20160808T121206

channel ORA\_AUX\_DISK\_1: restored backup piece 1

channel ORA\_AUX\_DISK\_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

Finished restore at 08-AUG-16

datafile 6 switched to datafile copy

input datafile copy RECID=8 STAMP=919340265 file name=/u01/aux/FWSY\_PITR\_ORCL/datafile/o1\_mf\_users\_ctj1z8gv\_.dbf

contents of Memory Script:

\# set requested point in time

set until  scn 2875437;

\# online the datafiles restored or switched

sql clone "alter database datafile  6 online";

\# recover and open resetlogs

recover clone database tablespace  "USERS", "SYSTEM", "UNDOTBS1", "SYSAUX" delete archivelog;

alter clone database open resetlogs;

executing Memory Script

executing command: SET until clause

sql statement: alter database datafile  6 online

Starting recover at 08-AUG-16

using channel ORA\_AUX\_DISK\_1

starting media recovery

archived log for thread 1 with sequence 22 is already on disk as file /dsk1/arch\_orcl/arch\_\_1\_22\_916789058.log

archived log file name=/dsk1/arch\_orcl/arch\_\_1\_22\_916789058.log thread=1 sequence=22

media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00

Finished recover at 08-AUG-16

database opened

contents of Memory Script:

\# create directory for datapump import

sql "create or replace directory TSPITR\_DIROBJ\_DPDIR as ''

/u01/aux''";

\# create directory for datapump export

sql clone "create or replace directory TSPITR\_DIROBJ\_DPDIR as ''

/u01/aux''";

executing Memory Script

sql statement: create or replace directory TSPITR\_DIROBJ\_DPDIR as ''/u01/aux''

**//在auxiliary database执行表（被删除表）的导出**

Performing export of tables...

EXPDP> Starting "SYS"."TSPITR\_EXP\_fwsy\_zBEo":

EXPDP> Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...

EXPDP> Processing object type TABLE\_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE\_DATA

EXPDP> Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 64 KB

EXPDP> Processing object type TABLE\_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

EXPDP> Processing object type TABLE\_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE\_STATISTICS

EXPDP> Processing object type TABLE\_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/MARKER

EXPDP> . . exported "SCOTT"."EMP1"                              12.74 KB     112 rows

EXPDP> Master table "SYS"."TSPITR\_EXP\_fwsy\_zBEo" successfully loaded/unloaded

EXPDP> \*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*

EXPDP> Dump file set for SYS.TSPITR\_EXP\_fwsy\_zBEo is:

EXPDP>   /u01/aux/tspitr\_fwsy\_78303.dmp

EXPDP> Job "SYS"."TSPITR\_EXP\_fwsy\_zBEo" successfully completed at Mon Aug 8 12:19:02 2016 elapsed 0 00:00:32

Export completed

contents of Memory Script:

\# shutdown clone before import

shutdown clone abort

executing Memory Script

Oracle instance shut down

** **

**//在源库上执行表的导入**

Performing import of tables...

IMPDP> Master table "SYS"."TSPITR\_IMP\_fwsy\_FAoe" successfully loaded/unloaded

IMPDP> Starting "SYS"."TSPITR\_IMP\_fwsy\_FAoe":

IMPDP> Processing object type TABLE\_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

IMPDP> Processing object type TABLE\_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE\_DATA

IMPDP> . . imported "SCOTT"."EMP1"                              12.74 KB     112 rows

IMPDP> Processing object type TABLE\_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE\_STATISTICS

IMPDP> Processing object type TABLE\_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/MARKER

IMPDP> Job "SYS"."TSPITR\_IMP\_fwsy\_FAoe" successfully completed at Mon Aug 8 12:19:38 2016 elapsed 0 00:00:25

Import completed

**//自动删除auxiliary Instance**

Removing automatic instance

Automatic instance removed

auxiliary instance file /u01/aux/ORCL/datafile/o1\_mf\_temp\_ctj1xmxr\_.tmp deleted

auxiliary instance file /u01/aux/FWSY\_PITR\_ORCL/onlinelog/o1\_mf\_3\_ctj1zdb8\_.log deleted

auxiliary instance file /u01/aux/FWSY\_PITR\_ORCL/onlinelog/o1\_mf\_2\_ctj1zc8f\_.log deleted

auxiliary instance file /u01/aux/FWSY\_PITR\_ORCL/onlinelog/o1\_mf\_1\_ctj1zb00\_.log deleted

auxiliary instance file /u01/aux/FWSY\_PITR\_ORCL/datafile/o1\_mf\_users\_ctj1z8gv\_.dbf deleted

auxiliary instance file /u01/aux/ORCL/datafile/o1\_mf\_sysaux\_ctj1vgr8\_.dbf deleted

auxiliary instance file /u01/aux/ORCL/datafile/o1\_mf\_undotbs1\_ctj1vgsj\_.dbf deleted

auxiliary instance file /u01/aux/ORCL/datafile/o1\_mf\_system\_ctj1vgr5\_.dbf deleted

auxiliary instance file /u01/aux/ORCL/controlfile/o1\_mf\_ctj1v7x9\_.ctl deleted

auxiliary instance file tspitr\_fwsy\_78303.dmp deleted

Finished recover at 08-AUG-16

\---恢复完成！

**6、查询恢复表数据**

**RMAN> select count(\*) from scott.emp1;**

COUNT(\*)

\----------

112

** 12:21:05 SCOTT@ orcl>select count(\*) from emp1;**

COUNT(\*)

\----------

112

**---------- 至此，通过基于表的时间点恢复，可以很方便的恢复用于DDL（drop、truncate）等误操作，比起基于表空间的时间点恢复（TSPITR）更具与可操作性。**

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