DUBBO个分布式服务框架

旧城等待, 2022-09-24 15:25 325阅读 0赞

Dubbo是阿里巴巴SOA服务化治理方案的核心框架,每天为2,000+个服务提供3,000,000,000+次访问量支持,并被广泛应用于阿里巴巴集团的各成员站点:














自开源后,已有不少非阿里系公司在使用Dubbo,参见:已知用户

那么,Dubbo是什么?

Dubbo[dubbo-pronounced.jpg-version_1_modificationDate_1325057267000.jpg]是一个分布式服务框架,致力于提供高性能和透明化的RPC远程服务调用方案,以及SOA服务治理方案。

其核心部分包含:

  • 远程通讯: 提供对多种基于长连接的NIO框架抽象封装,包括多种线程模型,序列化,以及“请求-响应”模式的信息交换方式。
  • 集群容错: 提供基于接口方法的透明远程过程调用,包括多协议支持,以及软负载均衡,失败容错,地址路由,动态配置等集群支持。
  • 自动发现: 基于注册中心目录服务,使服务消费方能动态的查找服务提供方,使地址透明,使服务提供方可以平滑增加或减少机器。

Dubbo能做什么?

  • 透明化的远程方法调用,就像调用本地方法一样调用远程方法,只需简单配置,没有任何API侵入。
  • 软负载均衡及容错机制,可在内网替代F5等硬件负载均衡器,降低成本,减少单点。
  • 服务自动注册与发现,不再需要写死服务提供方地址,注册中心基于接口名查询服务提供者的IP地址,并且能够平滑添加或删除服务提供者。

快速启动

(+) (#)








Dubbo采用全Spring配置方式,透明化接入应用,对应用没有任何API侵入,只需用Spring加载Dubbo的配置即可,Dubbo基于Spring的Schema扩展进行加载。







如果不想使用Spring配置,而希望通过API的方式进行调用(不推荐),请参见:API配置 (+)

服务提供者

(#)








完整安装步骤,请参见:示例提供者安装 (+)

定义服务接口: (该接口需单独打包,在服务提供方和消费方共享)

DemoService.java










package
com.alibaba.dubbo.demo;


 


public
interface
DemoService {


 


    
String sayHello(String name);


 


}

在服务提供方实现接口:(对服务消费方隐藏实现)

DemoServiceImpl.java










package
com.alibaba.dubbo.demo.provider;


 


import
com.alibaba.dubbo.demo.DemoService;


 


public
class
DemoServiceImpl
implements
DemoService {


 


    
public
String sayHello(String name) {


        
return
“Hello “
+ name;


    
}


 


}

用Spring配置声明暴露服务:

provider.xml










<?
xml
version
=
“1.0”
encoding
=
“UTF-8”
?>


<
beans
xmlns
=
“<a href=”http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans“ “=”” style=”outline: none; text-decoration: none; border-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.2em !important; margin: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; font-size: 1em !important; min-height: auto !important; color: rgb(0, 51, 102) !important; background: none !important;”>http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans“


    
xmlns:xsi
=
“<a href=”http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance“ “=”” style=”outline: none; text-decoration: none; border-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.2em !important; margin: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; font-size: 1em !important; min-height: auto !important; color: rgb(0, 51, 102) !important; background: none !important;”>http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance“


    
xmlns:dubbo
=
“<a href=”http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo“ “=”” style=”outline: none; text-decoration: none; border-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.2em !important; margin: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; font-size: 1em !important; min-height: auto !important; color: rgb(0, 51, 102) !important; background: none !important;”>http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo“


    
xsi:schemaLocation
=
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans      &nbsp; http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd      &nbsp; http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo      &nbsp; <a href=”http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd“ “=”” style=”outline: none; text-decoration: none; border-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.2em !important; margin: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; font-size: 1em !important; min-height: auto !important; color: rgb(0, 51, 102) !important; background: none !important;”>http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd“
>


 


    
<!— 提供方应用信息,用于计算依赖关系 —>


    
<
dubbo:application
name
=
“hello-world-app” 
/>


 


    
<!— 使用multicast广播注册中心暴露服务地址 —>


    
<
dubbo:registry
address
=
“multicast://224.5.6.7:1234”
/>


 


    
<!— 用dubbo协议在20880端口暴露服务 —>


    
<
dubbo:protocol
name
=
“dubbo”
port
=
“20880”
/>


 


    
<!— 声明需要暴露的服务接口 —>


    
<
dubbo:service
interface
=
“com.alibaba.dubbo.demo.DemoService”
ref
=
“demoService”
/>


 


    
<!— 和本地bean一样实现服务 —>


    
<
bean
id
=
“demoService”
class
=
“com.alibaba.dubbo.demo.provider.DemoServiceImpl”
/>


 


</
beans
>

加载Spring配置:

Provider.java










import
org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;


 


public
class
Provider {


 


    
public
static
void
main(String[] args)
throws
Exception {


        
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context =
new
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(
new
String[] {
“<a href=”http://dubbo.io/provider.xml“ “=”” style=”outline: none; text-decoration: none; border-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.2em !important; margin: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; font-size: 1em !important; min-height: auto !important; color: rgb(0, 51, 102) !important; background: none !important;”>http://dubbo.io/provider.xml“
});


        
context.start();


 


        
System.in.read();
// 按任意键退出


    
}


 


}

服务消费者

(#)








完整安装步骤,请参见:示例消费者安装 (+)

通过Spring配置引用远程服务:

consumer.xml










<?
xml
version
=
“1.0”
encoding
=
“UTF-8”
?>


<
beans
xmlns
=
“<a href=”http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans“ “=”” style=”outline: none; text-decoration: none; border-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.2em !important; margin: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; font-size: 1em !important; min-height: auto !important; color: rgb(0, 51, 102) !important; background: none !important;”>http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans“


    
xmlns:xsi
=
“<a href=”http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance“ “=”” style=”outline: none; text-decoration: none; border-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.2em !important; margin: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; font-size: 1em !important; min-height: auto !important; color: rgb(0, 51, 102) !important; background: none !important;”>http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance“


    
xmlns:dubbo
=
“<a href=”http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo“ “=”” style=”outline: none; text-decoration: none; border-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.2em !important; margin: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; font-size: 1em !important; min-height: auto !important; color: rgb(0, 51, 102) !important; background: none !important;”>http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo“


    
xsi:schemaLocation
=
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans      &nbsp; http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd      &nbsp; http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo      &nbsp; <a href=”http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd“ “=”” style=”outline: none; text-decoration: none; border-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.2em !important; margin: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; font-size: 1em !important; min-height: auto !important; color: rgb(0, 51, 102) !important; background: none !important;”>http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd“
>


 


    
<!— 消费方应用名,用于计算依赖关系,不是匹配条件,不要与提供方一样 —>


    
<
dubbo:application
name
=
“consumer-of-helloworld-app” 
/>


 


    
<!— 使用multicast广播注册中心暴露发现服务地址 —>


    
<
dubbo:registry
address
=
“multicast://224.5.6.7:1234”
/>


 


    
<!— 生成远程服务代理,可以和本地bean一样使用demoService —>


    
<
dubbo:reference
id
=
“demoService”
interface
=
“com.alibaba.dubbo.demo.DemoService”
/>


 


</
beans
>

加载Spring配置,并调用远程服务:(也可以使用IoC注入)

Consumer.java










import
org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;


import
com.alibaba.dubbo.demo.DemoService;


 


public
class
Consumer {


 


    
public
static
void
main(String[] args)
throws
Exception {


        
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context =
new
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(
new
String[] {
“<a href=”http://dubbo.io/consumer.xml“ “=”” style=”outline: none; text-decoration: none; border-radius: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 1.2em !important; margin: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; padding: 0px !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; font-size: 1em !important; min-height: auto !important; color: rgb(0, 51, 102) !important; background: none !important;”>http://dubbo.io/consumer.xml“
});


        
context.start();


 


        
DemoService demoService = (DemoService)context.getBean(
“demoService”
);
// 获取远程服务代理


        
String hello = demoService.sayHello(
“world”
);
// 执行远程方法


 


        
System.out.println( hello );
// 显示调用结果


    
}


 


}

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