Android Espresso测试Intents，WebView

怼烎@ 2022-09-24 01:22 134阅读 0赞

**上篇写了通过Espresso测试Button这样的普通view和AdpterView类型的view，及Espresso基本使用方式**

[http://blog.csdn.net/hexingen/article/details/51971427][http_blog.csdn.net_hexingen_article_details_51971427]（有兴趣的可以查看）

**本篇写通过Espresso测试Intents,WebView**

**（一）Espresso测试Intent的开启和返回值：**

使用配置：espresso-intents.jar
            espresso-intents包是  Espresso的一个扩展包。（介绍）
            espresso-intents包是用在Espresso 2.1+和0.3以上的testing library上（注意点）
    
     使用步骤：
        1.安装Espresso-Intents（前提是开发工具ide中已经安装Android Support Repository ） 
    
           在gradle中原本的依赖包上多添加：
          androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-intents:2.2.2'
    
        2.IntentsTestRule是替代 ActivityTestRule ，
               它是 ActivityTestRule的延伸（ 具备ActivityTestRule的特性），
               初始化 Espresso-Intents是在注解 @Test之前，释放是测试运行完后。 
    
        3.Intent validation：验证intent  
    
        4.Intent stubbing:给intent添加返回值
    
        5.Intent matchers：intending（）和intended （）中参数都是一个Matcher<Intent>

guithub上对应案例：  
[https://github.com/googlesamples/android-testing/tree/master/ui/espresso/IntentsBasicSample][https_github.com_googlesamples_android-testing_tree_master_ui_espresso_IntentsBasicSample]

开始编写：  
**1.在项目的，xxx.gridle中添加依赖包：**

dependencies {
        testCompile 'junit:junit:4.12'
        compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:23.3.0'
        //添加注解，包含test
        compile 'com.android.support:support-annotations:23.3.0'
        //解决冲突
        androidTestCompile 'com.android.support:support-annotations:23.3.0'
        // Android JUnit Runner
        androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:runner:0.5'
        // JUnit4 Rules
        androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:rules:0.5'
        // Espresso core
        androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.2.2'
        //Espresso-Intents只支持 Espresso 2.1+和0.3以上版本的test包以上
        androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-intents:2.2.2'
    
    }

**2.编写开启intent,和intent返回值的代码：**

MainActivity.java中代码：

public static final int REQUESTCODE=1;
        //开启intent
        public void openIntentActiivty(View view){
            Intent intent=new Intent(this,IntentActivity.class);
            startActivityForResult(intent,REQUESTCODE);
        }
        //接受intent的返回数据
        @Override
        protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
            switch (requestCode){
                case REQUESTCODE:
                    if(resultCode== AppCompatActivity.RESULT_OK){
                       String s= data.getStringExtra(IntentActivity.TAG);
                        showToas("intent test "+s);
                    }
                    break;
    
            }
            super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
        }

IntentActivity.java：

public class IntentActivity extends AppCompatActivity { 
        public static final String TAG=IntentActivity.class.getSimpleName();
        @Override
        protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
            setContentView(new TextView(this));
            setResult(AppCompatActivity.RESULT_OK,createResultData("sucess"));
            this.finish();
        }
        @VisibleForTesting
        static Intent  createResultData(String s){
            Intent intent  =new Intent();
            intent.putExtra(TAG,s);
            return  intent;
        }
    }

**3.最重要的步骤：编写测试代码：**

MainActivityTest.java:

@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
    @LargeTest
    public class MainActivityTest { 
        /** * IntentsTestRule替代ActivityTestRule * @Rule是在 @Test之前运行，进行初始化 */
        @Rule
        public IntentsTestRule<MainActivity> activityTestRule= 
                 new IntentsTestRule<MainActivity>(MainActivity.class);
    
        @Test //测试intent返回结果
        public void testIntentActivity(){
            //默认Intent是不带有返回值（两个actviity间互传数据）的
            //为IntentActivity添加存根，即返回值
            intending(hasComponent(hasShortClassName(".IntentActivity")))  
                     .respondWith(new Instrumentation.ActivityResult( 
                      Activity.RESULT_OK, 
                     IntentActivity.createResultData("testIntent sucess"))); 
    
            activityTestRule.getActivity().openIntentActiivty(null);
    
           // intended();记录app在调用intent的结果
        }
    }

**4.创建运行的Config（不懂的，看上一篇，有详细解说）,然后运行测试项目，结果如下：**  
![这里写图片描述][20160722124139073]

**（二）Espresso测试Webview交互：**

Espresso-web ： 是一个切入点，在webview中，通过Atoms来操作webview的交互（介绍）
    
    使用步骤：
       1.安装Espresso-Web：
    
         在gradle中原本的依赖包上多添加：
         androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-web:2.2.2'
    
       2.Common WebInteractions（web交互）：
    
           用于获取webView中加载的html，html中的标签元素：
               withElement(ElementReference)：
               withContextualElement(Atom<ElementReference>) 
    
           查看标签的 assertion：
                   check(WebAssertion)
    
           html中事件执行：
               perform(Atom)
    
           reset():当事先操作无效时，使用

guithub上对应案例：  
[https://github.com/googlesamples/android-testing/tree/master/ui/espresso/WebBasicSample][https_github.com_googlesamples_android-testing_tree_master_ui_espresso_WebBasicSample]

开始编写：  
**1.在项目的，xxx.gridle中添加依赖包：**

dependencies {
        testCompile 'junit:junit:4.12'
        compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:23.3.0'
        //添加注解，包含test
        compile 'com.android.support:support-annotations:23.3.0'
        //解决冲突
        androidTestCompile 'com.android.support:support-annotations:23.3.0'
        // Android JUnit Runner
        androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:runner:0.5'
        // JUnit4 Rules
        androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:rules:0.5'
        // Espresso core
        androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.2.2'
    
        //Espresso web
        androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-web:2.2.2'
    
    }

**2.编写WebView加载的html**  
这里是本地加载html，进行js交互，在assets下创建一个html的文件：

![这里写图片描述][20160722130816401]

webTest.html:

<html>
    <head>
        <title>Espresso test Web</title>
        <meta charset="utf-8"/>
    
    
    </head>
    <body>
    
    <h1 >Hello Espresso Web!</h1>
    
    <p id="changContent">没有改变</p>
    
    <input type="button" id="web_btn" value="button" onclick="testClick()" />
    <script type="text/javascript"> function testClick() { document.getElementById("changContent").innerHTML = "Espresso test"; android.showToast("Espresso test"); } </script>
    </body>
    
    </html>

**3. 设置webview可以js交互：**

WebActivity.java:

public class WebActivity extends AppCompatActivity {  
    
        private WebView  webView;
        private  static final String LOCAL_URL="file:///android_asset/webTest.html";
    
        @Override
        protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
            webView=new WebView(this);
            setContentView(webView);
            //允许js交互
            webView.getSettings().setJavaScriptEnabled(true);
            webView.loadUrl(LOCAL_URL);
            webView.setWebViewClient(new WebViewClient(){
                @Override
                public boolean shouldOverrideUrlLoading(WebView view, String url) {
                    return false;
                }
            });
    
            //设置js与android 交互的接口名，接口名为android 
            webView.addJavascriptInterface(new WebInterface(),"android");
        }
    
        //检查联网权限
        public boolean checkPermission(){
            //获取到mamifest中的权限状态
            int permission=  ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission( 
                             this, Manifest.permission.INTERNET);
            //权限同意
            int granted= PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;
            return(permission==granted);
        }
    
        protected   class WebInterface{ 
            public WebInterface(){}
            @JavascriptInterface//js回调android端的方法
            public void showToast(String s){
                Toast.makeText(WebActivity.this, 
                      s , Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        }
    
    }

**4. 最重要的步骤：编写测试代码：**  
创建一个测试类，WebActivityTest.java:

import android.content.Intent;
    import android.support.test.espresso.web.webdriver.Locator;
    import android.support.test.rule.ActivityTestRule;
    import android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
    import android.test.suitebuilder.annotation.LargeTest;
    
    import org.junit.Rule;
    import org.junit.Test;
    import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
    
    import static android.support.test.espresso.web.sugar.Web.onWebView;
    import static android.support.test.espresso.web.webdriver.DriverAtoms.findElement;
    import static android.support.test.espresso.web.webdriver.DriverAtoms.webClick;
    
    
    @RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class) 
    
    @LargeTest 
    
    public class WebActivityTest { 
    
        @Rule
        public ActivityTestRule<WebActivity> activityTestRule=  
             new ActivityTestRule<WebActivity>(WebActivity.class,false,false){
                @Override
                protected void afterActivityLaunched() {
                  //Javascript能通过Espresso web 操作webview:
                  //覆盖afterActivityLaunched()  
    
                  // Enable JS!
                  onWebView().forceJavascriptEnabled();
              }
          }; 
    
        @Test
        public void testWeb(){
             //开启WebActivity
             activityTestRule.launchActivity(new Intent()); 
    
             onWebView() .withElement(findElement(Locator.ID,"web_btn"))
                         .perform(webClick());//执行点击动作
        }
    }

**4.创建运行的Config（不懂的，看上一篇，有详细解说）,然后运行测试项目，结果如下：**

马上就要出成绩，结果运行时遇到异常：  
    
    com.android.build.api.transform.TransformException: com.android.builder.packaging.DuplicateFileException: Duplicate files copied in APK META-INF/maven/com.google.guava/guava/pom.properties

解决方式： 忽略包中异常

//在在gradle中添加： 
     android {
         packagingOptions {
            exclude('META-INF/maven/com.google.guava/guava/pom.properties');
            exclude('META-INF/maven/com.google.guava/guava/pom.xml');
         }
      }

运行完成，展现成果：  
![这里写图片描述][20160722133224677]

**本项目代码下载：**[http://download.csdn.net/detail/hexingen/9583268][http_download.csdn.net_detail_hexingen_9583268]

[http_blog.csdn.net_hexingen_article_details_51971427]: http://blog.csdn.net/hexingen/article/details/51971427
[https_github.com_googlesamples_android-testing_tree_master_ui_espresso_IntentsBasicSample]: https://github.com/googlesamples/android-testing/tree/master/ui/espresso/IntentsBasicSample
[20160722124139073]: /images/20220720/9b461589f39c408e94569df020dd2b56.png
[https_github.com_googlesamples_android-testing_tree_master_ui_espresso_WebBasicSample]: https://github.com/googlesamples/android-testing/tree/master/ui/espresso/WebBasicSample
[20160722130816401]: /images/20220720/3e9582e997e84b9c8c37b8484a1e2f61.png
[20160722133224677]: /images/20220720/7f5b2639f40141eea61cd10e274aff24.png
[http_download.csdn.net_detail_hexingen_9583268]: http://download.csdn.net/detail/hexingen/9583268