android测试分类,android单元测试

╰+攻爆jí腚メ 2022-10-14 01:12 194阅读 0赞

测试相关资源

让开发自动化: 用 Eclipse 插件提高代码质量http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/java/j-ap01117/index.html

代码测试覆盖率介绍：http://www.cnblogs.com/coderzh/archive/2009/03/29/1424344.html

学习android单元测试时遇到的一些问题：

1.开始以为单元测试一定要从程序的launch Activity，一步一步的跳转到所要测试的Activity能对其进行测试。

但实际上，我们可以从任意一个activity开始，对任意一个activity进行测试。

2.在运行单元测试之前，一定要先将要测试的程序安装到模拟器或真机上。

junit相关

android中的测试框架是扩展的junit3，所以在学习android中的单元测试签，可以先熟悉下junit3的使用，junit3要学习的东西应该并不多，就几页纸的东西。入门可以参考这个：http://android.blog.51cto.com/268543/49994

android单元测试框架中涉及的注解

@Suppress 可以用在类或这方法上，这样该类或者该方法就不会被执行

@UiThreadTest 可以用在方法上，这样该方法就会在程序的ui线程上执行

@LargeTest, @MediumTest, @SmallTest 用在方法上，标记所属的测试类型，主要是用于单独执行其中的某一类测试时使用。具体参考InstrumentationTestRunner类的文档。

@Smoke 具体用法还不清楚

android单元测试框架中涉及的一些类的uml

![20622988\_1.png][20622988_1.png]

接下来我们以demo project来讲解如何使用android中的单元测试

主要包括了三个activity：

MainActivity：仅包含一个button，点击后就可以进入LoginActivity

LoginActivity：可以输入username, password，然后点击submit的话可进入HomeActivity，如果点击reset的话，输入的内容就会被清空

HomeActivity：在TextView中显示LoginActivity输入的内容

首先我们创建要测试的项目demo(使用了2.1)

![20622988\_2.png][20622988_2.png]

![20622988\_3.png][20622988_3.png]

![20622988\_4.png][20622988_4.png]

MainActivity代码

Java代码 ![20622988\_5.png][20622988_5.png]

![20622988\_6.gif][20622988_6.gif]publicclassMainActivityextendsActivity \{

privatestaticfinalbooleanDEBUG =true;

privatestaticfinalString TAG ="-- MainActivity";

@Override

protectedvoidonCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) \{

if(DEBUG) \{

Log.i(TAG, "onCreate");

super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

setContentView(R.layout.act\_main);

View toLoginView = findViewById(R.id.to\_login);

toLoginView.setOnClickListener(newView.OnClickListener() \{

publicvoidonClick(View view) \{

if(DEBUG) \{

Log.i(TAG, "toLoginView clicked");

Intent intent = newIntent(getApplicationContext(), LoginActivity.class);

startActivity(intent);

\});

\}public class MainActivity extends Activity \{

private static final boolean DEBUG = true;

private static final String TAG = "-- MainActivity";

@Override

protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) \{

if (DEBUG) \{

Log.i(TAG, "onCreate");

super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

setContentView(R.layout.act\_main);

View toLoginView = findViewById(R.id.to\_login);

toLoginView.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() \{

public void onClick(View view) \{

if (DEBUG) \{

Log.i(TAG, "toLoginView clicked");

Intent intent = new Intent(getApplicationContext(), LoginActivity.class);

startActivity(intent);

\});

MainActivity的布局文件

Xml代码 ![20622988\_5.png][20622988_5.png]

![20622988\_6.gif][20622988_6.gif]

xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"

android:layout\_width="fill\_parent"

android:layout\_height="fill\_parent"

android:id="@+id/to\_login"

android:layout\_width="fill\_parent"

android:layout\_height="wrap\_content"

android:layout\_gravity="bottom"

android:text="to login"/>

xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"

android:layout\_width="fill\_parent"

android:layout\_height="fill\_parent"

android:id="@+id/to\_login"

android:layout\_width="fill\_parent"

android:layout\_height="wrap\_content"

android:layout\_gravity="bottom"

android:text="to login" />

![20622988\_7.png][20622988_7.png]

LoginActivity代码

Java代码 ![20622988\_5.png][20622988_5.png]

![20622988\_6.gif][20622988_6.gif]publicclassLoginActivityextendsActivity \{

privatestaticfinalbooleanDEBUG =true;

privatestaticfinalString TAG ="-- LoginActivity";

privateEditText mUsernameView;

privateEditText mPasswordView;

@Override

protectedvoidonCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) \{

if(DEBUG) \{

Log.i(TAG, "onCreate");

super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

setContentView(R.layout.act\_login);

mUsernameView = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.username);

mPasswordView = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.password);

View submitView = findViewById(R.id.submit);

submitView.setOnClickListener(newView.OnClickListener() \{

publicvoidonClick(View view) \{

if(DEBUG) \{

Log.i(TAG, "submitView clicked");

Intent intent = newIntent(getApplicationContext(), HomeActivity.class);

intent.putExtra(HomeActivity.EXTRA\_USERNAME, mUsernameView.getText().toString());

intent.putExtra(HomeActivity.EXTRA\_PASSWORD, mPasswordView.getText().toString());

startActivity(intent);

\});

View resetView = findViewById(R.id.reset);

resetView.setOnClickListener(newView.OnClickListener() \{

publicvoidonClick(View view) \{

if(DEBUG) \{

Log.i(TAG, "resetView clicked");

mUsernameView.setText("");

mPasswordView.setText("");

mUsernameView.requestFocus();

\});

\}public class LoginActivity extends Activity \{

private static final boolean DEBUG = true;

private static final String TAG = "-- LoginActivity";

private EditText mUsernameView;

private EditText mPasswordView;

@Override

protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) \{

if (DEBUG) \{

Log.i(TAG, "onCreate");

super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

setContentView(R.layout.act\_login);

mUsernameView = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.username);

mPasswordView = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.password);

View submitView = findViewById(R.id.submit);

submitView.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() \{

public void onClick(View view) \{

if (DEBUG) \{

Log.i(TAG, "submitView clicked");

Intent intent = new Intent(getApplicationContext(), HomeActivity.class);

intent.putExtra(HomeActivity.EXTRA\_USERNAME, mUsernameView.getText().toString());

intent.putExtra(HomeActivity.EXTRA\_PASSWORD, mPasswordView.getText().toString());

startActivity(intent);

\});

View resetView = findViewById(R.id.reset);

resetView.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() \{

public void onClick(View view) \{

if (DEBUG) \{

Log.i(TAG, "resetView clicked");

mUsernameView.setText("");

mPasswordView.setText("");

mUsernameView.requestFocus();

\});

LoginActivity的布局文件

Xml代码 ![20622988\_5.png][20622988_5.png]

![20622988\_6.gif][20622988_6.gif]

xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"

android:layout\_width="fill\_parent"

android:layout\_height="fill\_parent"

android:orientation="vertical"

android:id="@+id/label\_username"

android:layout\_width="fill\_parent"

android:layout\_height="wrap\_content"

android:text="username:"/>

android:id="@+id/username"

android:layout\_width="fill\_parent"

android:layout\_height="wrap\_content"

android:inputType="text"/>

android:id="@+id/label\_password"

android:layout\_width="fill\_parent"

android:layout\_height="wrap\_content"

android:text="password:"/>

android:id="@+id/password"

android:layout\_width="fill\_parent"

android:layout\_height="wrap\_content"

android:inputType="textPassword"/>

android:id="@+id/submit"

android:layout\_width="fill\_parent"

android:layout\_height="wrap\_content"

android:text="submit"/>

android:id="@+id/reset"

android:layout\_width="fill\_parent"

android:layout\_height="wrap\_content"

android:text="reset"/>

xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"

android:layout\_width="fill\_parent"

android:layout\_height="fill\_parent"

android:orientation="vertical"

android:id="@+id/label\_username"

android:layout\_width="fill\_parent"

android:layout\_height="wrap\_content"

android:text="username:" />

android:id="@+id/username"

android:layout\_width="fill\_parent"

android:layout\_height="wrap\_content"

android:inputType="text" />

android:id="@+id/label\_password"

android:layout\_width="fill\_parent"

android:layout\_height="wrap\_content"

android:text="password:" />

android:id="@+id/password"

android:layout\_width="fill\_parent"

android:layout\_height="wrap\_content"

android:inputType="textPassword" />

android:id="@+id/submit"

android:layout\_width="fill\_parent"

android:layout\_height="wrap\_content"

android:text="submit" />

android:id="@+id/reset"

android:layout\_width="fill\_parent"

android:layout\_height="wrap\_content"

android:text="reset" />

![20622988\_8.png][20622988_8.png]

HomeActivity代码

Java代码 ![20622988\_5.png][20622988_5.png]

![20622988\_6.gif][20622988_6.gif]publicclassHomeActivityextendsActivity \{

privatestaticfinalbooleanDEBUG =true;

privatestaticfinalString TAG ="-- HomeActivity";

publicstaticfinalString EXTRA\_USERNAME ="yuan.activity.username";

publicstaticfinalString EXTRA\_PASSWORD ="yuan.activity.password";

@Override

protectedvoidonCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) \{

if(DEBUG) \{

Log.i(TAG, "onCreate");

super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

Intent intent = getIntent();

StringBuilder sb = newStringBuilder();

sb.append("username:").append(intent.getStringExtra(EXTRA\_USERNAME)).append("\\n");

sb.append("password:").append(intent.getStringExtra(EXTRA\_PASSWORD));

setContentView(R.layout.act\_home);

TextView loginContentView = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.login\_content);

loginContentView.setText(sb.toString());

\}public class HomeActivity extends Activity \{

private static final boolean DEBUG = true;

private static final String TAG = "-- HomeActivity";

public static final String EXTRA\_USERNAME = "yuan.activity.username";

public static final String EXTRA\_PASSWORD = "yuan.activity.password";

@Override

protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) \{

if (DEBUG) \{

Log.i(TAG, "onCreate");

super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

Intent intent = getIntent();

StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();

sb.append("username:").append(intent.getStringExtra(EXTRA\_USERNAME)).append("\\n");

sb.append("password:").append(intent.getStringExtra(EXTRA\_PASSWORD));

setContentView(R.layout.act\_home);

TextView loginContentView = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.login\_content);

loginContentView.setText(sb.toString());

HomeActivity的布局文件

Xml代码 ![20622988\_5.png][20622988_5.png]

![20622988\_6.gif][20622988_6.gif]

xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"

android:layout\_width="fill\_parent"

android:layout\_height="fill\_parent"

android:id="@+id/login\_content"

android:layout\_width="fill\_parent"

android:layout\_height="wrap\_content"

android:layout\_gravity="center\_vertical"

android:gravity="center"

android:textColor="\#EEE"

android:textStyle="bold"

android:textSize="25sp"/>

xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"

android:layout\_width="fill\_parent"

android:layout\_height="fill\_parent"

android:id="@+id/login\_content"

android:layout\_width="fill\_parent"

android:layout\_height="wrap\_content"

android:layout\_gravity="center\_vertical"

android:gravity="center"

android:textColor="\#EEE"

android:textStyle="bold"

android:textSize="25sp" />

![20622988\_9.png][20622988_9.png]

程序非常简单，接下来我们为demo创建单元测试工程demo\_unittest

![20622988\_10.png][20622988_10.png]

选择之前创建的工程demo，然后eclipse会自动帮我们设定api level，包名等。(测试用例的包名一般就是在要测试类的包名后加上test)

![20622988\_11.png][20622988_11.png]

![20622988\_12.png][20622988_12.png]

创建完后eclipse会自动为我们创建好所需的目录，Manifest.xml文件

![20622988\_13.png][20622988_13.png]

接下来就是为要测试的类编写测试用例。关于要用哪个测试用例类，在第一张UML图中也做了简要的说明。

ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2：主要是用于进行activity的功能测试，和activity的交互测试，如activity间的跳转，ui的交互等。

ActivityInstrumentationTestCase：这个类现在已deprecated了，所以不许考虑。

SingleLaunchActivityTestCase：该测试用例仅掉用setUp和tearDown一次，而不像其它测试用例类一样，没调用一次测试方法就会重新调用一次setUp和tearDown。所以主要测试activity是否能够正确处理多次调用。

ActivityUnitTestCase：主要用于测试Activity，因为它允许注入MockContext和MockApplicaton，所以可以测试Activity在不同资源和应用下的情况。

还有Application等的测试用例比较简单，看uml图。如果觉得不够详细，可以参考sdk文档的dev guide和api reference。

MainActivityTest测试用例

Java代码 ![20622988\_5.png][20622988_5.png]

![20622988\_6.gif][20622988_6.gif]publicclassMainActivityTestextendsActivityInstrumentationTestCase2 \{

privatestaticfinalString TAG ="=== MainActivityTest";

privateInstrumentation mInstrument;

privateMainActivity mActivity;

privateView mToLoginView;

//必不可少的东西, 不要忘记

publicMainActivityTest() \{

super("yuan.activity", MainActivity.class);

@Override

publicvoidsetUp()throwsException \{

super.setUp();

mInstrument = getInstrumentation();

// 启动被测试的Activity

mActivity = getActivity();

mToLoginView = mActivity.findViewById(yuan.activity.R.id.to\_login);

publicvoidtestPreConditions() \{

// 在执行测试之前，确保程序的重要对象已被初始化

assertTrue(mToLoginView != null);

//mInstrument.runOnMainSync(new Runnable() \{

//  public void run() \{

//      mToLoginView.requestFocus();

//      mToLoginView.performClick();

//  \}

//\});

@UiThreadTest

publicvoidtestToLogin() \{

// @UiThreadTest注解使整个方法在UI线程上执行，等同于上面注解掉的代码

mToLoginView.requestFocus();

mToLoginView.performClick();

@Suppress

publicvoidtestNotCalled() \{

// 使用了@Suppress注解的方法不会被测试

Log.i(TAG, "method 'testNotCalled' is called");

@Override

publicvoidtearDown()throwsException \{

super.tearDown();

\}public class MainActivityTest extends ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2 \{

private static final String TAG = "=== MainActivityTest";

private Instrumentation mInstrument;

private MainActivity mActivity;

private View mToLoginView;

public MainActivityTest() \{

super("yuan.activity", MainActivity.class);

@Override

public void setUp() throws Exception \{

super.setUp();

mInstrument = getInstrumentation();

// 启动被测试的Activity

mActivity = getActivity();

mToLoginView = mActivity.findViewById(yuan.activity.R.id.to\_login);

public void testPreConditions() \{

// 在执行测试之前，确保程序的重要对象已被初始化

assertTrue(mToLoginView != null);

//mInstrument.runOnMainSync(new Runnable() \{

//public void run() \{

//mToLoginView.requestFocus();

//mToLoginView.performClick();

//\}

//\});

@UiThreadTest

public void testToLogin() \{

// @UiThreadTest注解使整个方法在UI线程上执行，等同于上面注解掉的代码

mToLoginView.requestFocus();

mToLoginView.performClick();

@Suppress

public void testNotCalled() \{

// 使用了@Suppress注解的方法不会被测试

Log.i(TAG, "method 'testNotCalled' is called");

@Override

public void tearDown() throws Exception \{

super.tearDown();

LoginActivityTest测试用例

Java代码 ![20622988\_5.png][20622988_5.png]

![20622988\_6.gif][20622988_6.gif]publicclassLoginActivityTestextendsActivityInstrumentationTestCase2 \{

privatestaticfinalString TAG ="=== LoginActivityTest";

privateInstrumentation mInstrument;

privateLoginActivity mActivity;

privateEditText mUsernameView;

privateEditText mPasswordView;

privateView mSubmitView;

privateView mResetView;

publicLoginActivityTest() \{

super("yuan.activity", LoginActivity.class);

@Override

publicvoidsetUp()throwsException \{

super.setUp();

/\*

\*  要向程序发送key事件的话，必须在getActivity之前调用该方法来关闭touch模式

\* 否则key事件会被忽略

\*/

setActivityInitialTouchMode(false);

mInstrument = getInstrumentation();

mActivity = getActivity();

Log.i(TAG, "current activity: "+ mActivity.getClass().getName());

mUsernameView = (EditText) mActivity.findViewById(yuan.activity.R.id.username);

mPasswordView = (EditText) mActivity.findViewById(yuan.activity.R.id.password);

mSubmitView = mActivity.findViewById(yuan.activity.R.id.submit);

mResetView = mActivity.findViewById(yuan.activity.R.id.reset);

publicvoidtestPreConditions() \{

assertTrue(mUsernameView != null);

assertTrue(mPasswordView != null);

assertTrue(mSubmitView != null);

assertTrue(mResetView != null);

publicvoidtestInput() \{

input();

assertEquals("yuan", mUsernameView.getText().toString());

assertEquals("1123", mPasswordView.getText().toString());

publicvoidtestSubmit() \{

input();

mInstrument.runOnMainSync(newRunnable() \{

publicvoidrun() \{

mSubmitView.requestFocus();

mSubmitView.performClick();

\});

publicvoidtestReset() \{

input();

mInstrument.runOnMainSync(newRunnable() \{

publicvoidrun() \{

mResetView.requestFocus();

mResetView.performClick();

\});

assertEquals("", mUsernameView.getText().toString());

assertEquals("", mPasswordView.getText().toString());

@Override

publicvoidtearDown()throwsException \{

super.tearDown();

privatevoidinput() \{

mActivity.runOnUiThread(newRunnable() \{

publicvoidrun() \{

mUsernameView.requestFocus();

\});

// 因为测试用例运行在单独的线程上，这里最好要

// 同步application，等待其执行完后再运行

mInstrument.waitForIdleSync();

sendKeys(KeyEvent.KEYCODE\_Y, KeyEvent.KEYCODE\_U,

KeyEvent.KEYCODE\_A, KeyEvent.KEYCODE\_N);

// 效果同上面sendKeys之前的代码

mInstrument.runOnMainSync(newRunnable() \{

publicvoidrun() \{

mPasswordView.requestFocus();

\});

sendKeys(KeyEvent.KEYCODE\_1, KeyEvent.KEYCODE\_1,

KeyEvent.KEYCODE\_2, KeyEvent.KEYCODE\_3);

\}public class LoginActivityTest extends ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2 \{

private static final String TAG = "=== LoginActivityTest";

private Instrumentation mInstrument;

private LoginActivity mActivity;

private EditText mUsernameView;

private EditText mPasswordView;

private View mSubmitView;

private View mResetView;

public LoginActivityTest() \{

super("yuan.activity", LoginActivity.class);

@Override

public void setUp() throws Exception \{

super.setUp();

/\*

\* 要向程序发送key事件的话，必须在getActivity之前调用该方法来关闭touch模式

\* 否则key事件会被忽略

\*/

setActivityInitialTouchMode(false);

mInstrument = getInstrumentation();

mActivity = getActivity();

Log.i(TAG, "current activity: " + mActivity.getClass().getName());

mUsernameView = (EditText) mActivity.findViewById(yuan.activity.R.id.username);

mPasswordView = (EditText) mActivity.findViewById(yuan.activity.R.id.password);

mSubmitView = mActivity.findViewById(yuan.activity.R.id.submit);

mResetView = mActivity.findViewById(yuan.activity.R.id.reset);

public void testPreConditions() \{

assertTrue(mUsernameView != null);

assertTrue(mPasswordView != null);

assertTrue(mSubmitView != null);

assertTrue(mResetView != null);

public void testInput() \{

input();

assertEquals("yuan", mUsernameView.getText().toString());

assertEquals("1123", mPasswordView.getText().toString());

public void testSubmit() \{

input();

mInstrument.runOnMainSync(new Runnable() \{

public void run() \{

mSubmitView.requestFocus();

mSubmitView.performClick();

\});

public void testReset() \{

input();

mInstrument.runOnMainSync(new Runnable() \{

public void run() \{

mResetView.requestFocus();

mResetView.performClick();

\});

assertEquals("", mUsernameView.getText().toString());

assertEquals("", mPasswordView.getText().toString());

@Override

public void tearDown() throws Exception \{

super.tearDown();

private void input() \{

mActivity.runOnUiThread(new Runnable() \{

public void run() \{

mUsernameView.requestFocus();

\});

// 因为测试用例运行在单独的线程上，这里最好要

// 同步application，等待其执行完后再运行

mInstrument.waitForIdleSync();

sendKeys(KeyEvent.KEYCODE\_Y, KeyEvent.KEYCODE\_U,

KeyEvent.KEYCODE\_A, KeyEvent.KEYCODE\_N);

// 效果同上面sendKeys之前的代码

mInstrument.runOnMainSync(new Runnable() \{

public void run() \{

mPasswordView.requestFocus();

\});

sendKeys(KeyEvent.KEYCODE\_1, KeyEvent.KEYCODE\_1,

KeyEvent.KEYCODE\_2, KeyEvent.KEYCODE\_3);

HomeActivityTest测试用例

Java代码 ![20622988\_5.png][20622988_5.png]

![20622988\_6.gif][20622988_6.gif]publicclassHomeActivityTestextendsActivityUnitTestCase \{

privatestaticfinalString TAG ="=== HomeActivityTest";

privatestaticfinalString LOGIN\_CONTENT ="username:yuan\\npassword:1123";

privateHomeActivity mHomeActivity;

privateTextView mLoginContentView;

publicHomeActivityTest() \{

super(HomeActivity.class);

@Override

publicvoidsetUp()throwsException \{

super.setUp();

Intent intent = newIntent();

intent.putExtra(HomeActivity.EXTRA\_USERNAME, "yuan");

intent.putExtra(HomeActivity.EXTRA\_PASSWORD, "1123");

// HomeActivity有extra参数，所以我们需要以intent来启动它

mHomeActivity = launchActivityWithIntent("yuan.activity", HomeActivity.class, intent);

mLoginContentView = (TextView) mHomeActivity.findViewById(yuan.activity.R.id.login\_content);

publicvoidtestLoginContent() \{

assertEquals(LOGIN\_CONTENT, mLoginContentView.getText().toString());

@Override

publicvoidtearDown()throwsException \{

super.tearDown();

\}public class HomeActivityTest extends ActivityUnitTestCase \{

private static final String TAG = "=== HomeActivityTest";

private static final String LOGIN\_CONTENT = "username:yuan\\npassword:1123";

private HomeActivity mHomeActivity;

private TextView mLoginContentView;

public HomeActivityTest() \{

super(HomeActivity.class);

@Override

public void setUp() throws Exception \{

super.setUp();

Intent intent = new Intent();

intent.putExtra(HomeActivity.EXTRA\_USERNAME, "yuan");

intent.putExtra(HomeActivity.EXTRA\_PASSWORD, "1123");

// HomeActivity有extra参数，所以我们需要以intent来启动它

mHomeActivity = launchActivityWithIntent("yuan.activity", HomeActivity.class, intent);

mLoginContentView = (TextView) mHomeActivity.findViewById(yuan.activity.R.id.login\_content);

public void testLoginContent() \{

assertEquals(LOGIN\_CONTENT, mLoginContentView.getText().toString());

@Override

public void tearDown() throws Exception \{

super.tearDown();

接下来是运行测试用例，首先我们需要把要测试的程序安装到模拟器或真机上

![20622988\_14.png][20622988_14.png]

![20622988\_15.png][20622988_15.png]

运行测试用例，查看运行结果

![20622988\_16.png][20622988_16.png]

![20622988\_17.png][20622988_17.png]

这里仅仅讲了使用eclipse来进行单元测试，当然也是可以在命令行中进行单元测试的，但既然有eclipse这种图形界面的工具，就不再折腾什么命令行了。

还有就是测试用例也可以直接创建在源程序中(即源代码和测试代码放在一个项目中)，具体怎么做的话google一些吧，就是把测试时涉及的一些Manifest元素移到源码工程的Manifest中等

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