nginx的缓存设置

港控/mmm° 2022-09-20 15:22 179阅读 0赞

#user  nobody;
    worker_processes  1;
    
    #error_log  logs/error.log;
    #error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
    #error_log  logs/error.log  info;
    
    #pid        logs/nginx.pid;
    
    
    events {
        worker_connections  1024;
    }
    
    
    http {
        include       mime.types;
        default_type  application/octet-stream;
    
       log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                        '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
    
        access_log  logs/access.log  main;
    
        sendfile        on;
        #tcp_nopush     on;
    
        #keepalive_timeout  0;
        keepalive_timeout  65;
         proxy_temp_path  /home/images_temp;
        #gzip  on;
         proxy_cache_path /home/images_cache  levels=1:2   keys_zone=cache_one:200m inactive=1d max_size=30g;
         upstream chenyilei.com { 
          server  172.18.84.162:8111 ; 
          server  172.18.84.162:8222 ;
          }   
    
        server {
            listen       80;
            server_name  localhost;
    
            #charset koi8-r;
    
            #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;
    
           location / {
            proxy_cache cache_one;   
            proxy_connect_timeout 2;
            proxy_cache_valid  200 1d; 
            proxy_cache_key $arg_ckey;
            proxy_set_header   Host             $host; 
            proxy_set_header   X-Real-IP        $remote_addr; 
            proxy_set_header   X-Forwarded-For  $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;  
            proxy_pass  http://chenyilei.com;
            proxy_ignore_headers "Cache-Control" "Expires" "Set-Cookie";#不处理后端服务器返回的指定响应头 
            expires 1d;
            index  index.html index.htm;
            }
            #error_page  404              /404.html;
    
            # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
            #
            error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
            location = /50x.html {
                root   html;
            }
    
            # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
            #
            #location ~ \.php$ {
            #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
            #}
    
            # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
            #
            #location ~ \.php$ {
            #    root           html;
            #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
            #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
            #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
            #    include        fastcgi_params;
            #}
    
            # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
            # concurs with nginx's one
            #
            #location ~ /\.ht {
            #    deny  all;
            #}
        }
    
    
        # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
        #
        #server {
        #    listen       8000;
        #    listen       somename:8080;
        #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;
    
        #    location / {
        #        root   html;
        #        index  index.html index.htm;
        #    }
        #}
    
    
        # HTTPS server
        #
        #server {
        #    listen       443 ssl;
        #    server_name  localhost;
    
        #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
        #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;
    
        #    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
        #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;
    
        #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
        #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;
    
        #    location / {
        #        root   html;
        #        index  index.html index.htm;
        #    }
        #}
    
    }

把方法写下来以示备忘或给后来者一个参考：

特别是这个：

（1）proxy\_ignore\_headers "Cache-Control" "Expires" "Set-Cookie";          \#不处理后端服务器返回的指定响应头

（2）The cache and other modules which require shared memory support do not work on Windows Vista and later versions due to address space layout randomization being enabled in these Windows versions.

首先用的缓存是proxy\_cache.，在http段里加入下列几句：

**\[plain\]**  [view plain][] [copy][view plain] [![在CODE上查看代码片][CODE]][CODE_CODE] [![派生到我的代码片][ico_fork.svg]][ico_fork.svg 1]

1.  proxy\_connect\_timeout 5;  
2.    proxy\_read\_timeout 60;  
3.    proxy\_send\_timeout 5;  
4.    proxy\_buffer\_size 16k;  
5.    proxy\_buffers 4 64k;  
6.    proxy\_busy\_buffers\_size 128k;  
7.    proxy\_temp\_file\_write\_size 128k;  
8.    proxy\_temp\_path /home/temp\_dir;  
9.    proxy\_cache\_path /home/cache levels=1:2 keys\_zone=cache\_one:50m inactive=20m max\_size=30;

接下来在要缓存的service里加入：

**\[plain\]**  [view plain][] [copy][view plain] [![在CODE上查看代码片][CODE]][CODE_CODE] [![派生到我的代码片][ico_fork.svg]][ico_fork.svg 1]

1.  location /gou/detail-id-116  \{  
2.             \#\#缓存  
3.            index  index.html index.htm index.php;  
4.            proxy\_cache cache\_one;  
5.            proxy\_cache\_valid 200 302 30d;  
6.  `        ` `proxy_cache_valid 404 10m;`
    
    `        ` `proxy_cache_valid any 1h;`
7.            proxy\_cache\_key $host$uri$is\_args$args;  
8.            proxy\_pass   http://contactpool;  
9.            proxy\_ignore\_headers "Cache-Control" "Expires" "Set-Cookie";
10.           \#不处理后端服务器返回的指定响应头  
11.           expires 30d;  
12.           proxy\_set\_header Host $host;  
13.           proxy\_set\_header X-Real-IP $remote\_addr;  
14.           proxy\_set\_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy\_add\_x\_forwarded\_for;  
15.        \}

当然可以用正则缓存更多的页面如：~.\*\\.(php|jsp|cgi)?$

上面的我只解释一下地方：

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1.  proxy\_ignore\_headers

这个表示不处理后端服务器返回的指定响应头，作用就是能够缓存动态页面，比如.php的页面，如果不加这一行就只能缓存静态的页面内容了。

现在:nginx -s reload 后缓存就有了，

接下来如何在需要的时候清理缓存呢，

网上一位大牛分析了nginx是如何存的缓存文件：

计算方法：  
1) nginx先把请求地址/1.png用md5进行哈希，得到e0bd86606797639426a92306b1b98ad9  
md5的参数就是上面的配置中：

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1.  proxy\_cache\_key

值，如md5("www.xxx.com/gou/detail-id-116");  
  
2) level=1:2就是把最后一位数9拿出来建一个目录，然后再把9前面的2位建一个目录，最后把刚才得到的这个缓存文件放到9/ad目录中。  
同样的方法推理，如果level=1:1，那么缓存文件的路径就是/usr/local/nginx/cache/9/d/e0bd86606797639426a92306b1b98ad9

那么我们就可以写一个脚本来清理特定的缓存了：

**\[plain\]**  [view plain][] [copy][view plain] [![在CODE上查看代码片][CODE]][CODE_CODE] [![派生到我的代码片][ico_fork.svg]][ico_fork.svg 1]

1.  \#!/usr/bin/env php  
2.  <?php  
3.    
4.  $cache\_dir = '/usr/local/nginx/cache/';  
5.  $request\_uri = $argv\[1\];  
6.  $url\_hash = md5($request\_uri);  
7.  $dir1 = substr($url\_hash,-1,1) . '/';  
8.  $dir2 = substr($url\_hash,-3,2) . '/';  
9.  $cached\_file = $cache\_dir . $dir1 . $dir2 . $url\_hash;  
10. if (is\_file($cached\_file)) \{  
11.     if (unlink($cache\_dir . $dir1 . $dir2 . $url\_hash)) \{  
12.         echo $request\_uri . " 缓存清除成功\\n";  
13.     \} else \{  
14.         echo $request\_uri . " 缓存清除失败\\n";  
15.     \}  
16. \} else \{  
17.     echo $request\_uri . " 未被缓存\\n";  
18. \}

参考http://hermit-macx.iteye.com/blog/1697375

我的完整配置

[view plain]: http://blog.csdn.net/yybjroam05/article/details/21954457#
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[CODE_CODE]: https://code.csdn.net/snippets/253464
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