1.概念

Qt QML:QML是一种用户界面规范和编程语言。它允许开发人员和设计师一样创建高性能、流畅的动画和视觉上吸引人的应用程序。QML提供了高可读性、声明性、类似json的语法，支持命令式JavaScript表达式和动态属性绑定。QML语言和引擎基础结构由Qt QML模块提供。

Qt Quick**模块:**Qt Quick是QML的类型和功能的标准库。它包括视觉类型，交互类型，动画，模型和视图，粒子效果和着色效果。QML应用程序开发人员可以通过一个导入语句访问所有这些功能。QtQuick QML库由QtQuick模块提供。

Qt Quick Controls模块:提供了一组控件，可用于在Qt Quick中构建完整的接口。

2.关系和区别

QML是一种编程语言，和C++，C#，Java一样，属于一种编程语言。QML提供一些基本的数据类型。

Qt Quick是一个库，作用和我们说的C++标准库一样，如果要编写C++代码，肯定需要C++标准库的支撑。我们在写Qt Quick应用程序时，肯定需要用到一些数据类型，还有一些语法，而这些东西，就是Qt Quick提供的。在QML已经提供的基础数据类型的基础上，Qt Quick又引入了更高级易用的数据类型，这就好比QML中有char*，Qt Quick又搞了个CString。

Qt Quick Controls是Qt Quick的一个子模块，Qt Quick不仅包含Controls，还包含了
Dialogs、Layouts等模块。

3.扩展

3.1QML语言提供的基本数据类型

date	Date value
point	Value with x and y attributes
rect	Value with x, y, width and height attributes
size	Value with width and height attributes

3.2QML语言提供的基本对象类型

Date	Provides date functions
Number	Object provides represents a number value
String	Object represents a string value
Component	Encapsulates a QML component definition
Qt	Provides a global object with useful enums and functions from Qt
QtObject	A basic QML type
Locale	Provides locale specific properties and formatted data
LoggingCategory	Defines a logging category in QML
Binding	Enables the arbitrary creation of property bindings
Connections	Describes generalized connections to signals
Instantiator	Dynamically creates objects
Timer	Triggers a handler at a specified interval

3.3Qt Quick的子模块

Qt Quick包含几个子模块，并且这些子模块还包含额外的类型。子模块列举如下：

XML List Model - contains types for creating models from XML data
Local Storage - a submodule containing a JavaScript interface for an SQLite database
Particles - provides a particle system for QML applications
Window - contains types for creating top-level windows and accessing screen information
Dialogs - contains types for creating and interacting with system dialogs
Controls - provides a set of reusable UI components
Layouts - contains types that are used to arrange items in the user interface
Tests - types for testing QML applications.

3.4Qt Quick提供的基本数据类型

color	ARGB color value. The color type refers to an ARGB color value. It can be specified in a number of ways:
font	Font value with the properties of QFont. The font type refers to a font value with the properties of QFont
matrix4x4	A matrix4x4 type is a 4-row and 4-column matrix
quaternion	A quaternion type has scalar, x, y, and z attributes
vector2d	A vector2d type has x and y attributes
vector3d	Value with x, y, and z attributes
vector4d	A vector4d type has x, y, z and w attributes

3.5Qt Quick提供的基本对象类型

QtQuick导入提供的所有对象类型都基于Item类型，该类型本身派生自QtObject。在导入QtQuick时，Qt QML模块提供的QML对象类型(如QtObject和Component)也可用。

Canvas	Provides a 2D canvas item enabling drawing via JavaScript
CanvasGradient	Provides an opaque CanvasGradient interface
CanvasImageData	Contains image pixel data in RGBA order
CanvasPixelArray	Provides ordered and indexed access to the components of each pixel in image data
Context2D	Provides 2D context for shapes on a Canvas item
Accessible	Enables accessibility of QML items
AnimatedImage	Plays animations stored as a series of images
AnimatedSprite	Draws a sprite animation
BorderImage	Paints a border based on an image
Drag	For specifying drag and drop events for moved Items
DragEvent	Provides information about a drag event
DropArea	For specifying drag and drop handling in an area
KeyEvent	Provides information about a key event
MouseEvent	Provides information about a mouse event
WheelEvent	Provides information about a mouse wheel event
Flickable	Provides a surface that can be “flicked”
Flipable	Provides a surface that can be flipped
FocusScope	Explicitly creates a focus scope
GraphicsInfo	Provides information about the used Qt Quick backend
GridView	For specifying a grid view of items provided by a model
Image	Displays an image
EnterKey	Provides a property to manipulate the appearance of Enter key on an on-screen keyboard
Item	A basic visual QML type
KeyNavigation	Supports key navigation by arrow keys
Keys	Provides key handling to Items
LayoutMirroring	Property used to mirror layout behavior
Transform	For specifying advanced transformations on Items
AnchorAnimation	Animates changes in anchor values
ParentAnimation	Animates changes in parent values
PathAnimation	Animates an item along a path
ItemGrabResult	Contains the results from a call to Item::grabToImage()
ViewTransition	Specifies items under transition in a view
ListView	Provides a list view of items provided by a model
Loader	Allows dynamic loading of a subtree from a URL or Component
MouseArea	Enables simple mouse handling
GestureEvent	Parameter given with the gestureStarted signal
MultiPointTouchArea	Enables handling of multiple touch points
TouchPoint	Describes a touch point in a MultiPointTouchArea
PathView	Lays out model-provided items on a path
PinchArea	Enables simple pinch gesture handling
PinchEvent	For specifying information about a pinch event
Column	Positions its children in a column
Flow	Positions its children side by side, wrapping as necessary
Grid	Positions its children in grid formation
Positioner	Provides attached properties that contain details on where an item exists in a positioner
Row	Positions its children in a row
Gradient	Defines a gradient fill
GradientStop	Defines the color at a position in a Gradient
Rectangle	Paints a filled rectangle with an optional border
Repeater	Instantiates a number of Item-based components using a provided model
ShaderEffect	Applies custom shaders to a rectangle
BorderImageMesh	Defines a mesh with vertices arranged like those of a BorderImage
GridMesh	Defines a mesh with vertices arranged in a grid
ShaderEffectSource	Renders a Qt Quick item into a texture and displays it
Sprite	Specifies sprite animations
SpriteSequence	Draws a sprite animation
AnchorChanges	Specifies how to change the anchors of an item in a state
ParentChange	Specifies how to reparent an Item in a state change
Text	Specifies how to add formatted text to a scene
TextEdit	Displays multiple lines of editable formatted text
TextInput	Displays an editable line of text
Matrix4x4	Provides a way to apply a 4x4 tranformation matrix to an Item
Rotation	Provides a way to rotate an Item
Scale	Provides a way to scale an Item
Translate	Provides a way to move an Item without changing its x or y properties
Animation	Is the base of all QML animations
ColorAnimation	Animates changes in color values
NumberAnimation	Animates changes in qreal-type values
ParallelAnimation	Enables animations to be run in parallel
PauseAnimation	Provides a pause for an animation
PropertyAction	Specifies immediate property changes during animation
PropertyAnimation	Animates changes in property values
RotationAnimation	Animates changes in rotation values
ScriptAction	Defines scripts to be run during an animation
SequentialAnimation	Allows animations to be run sequentially
Vector3dAnimation	Animates changes in QVector3d values
AnimationController	Enables manual control of animations
Animator	Is the base of all QML animators
OpacityAnimator	Type animates the opacity of an Item
RotationAnimator	Type animates the rotation of an Item
ScaleAnimator	Type animates the scale factor of an Item
UniformAnimator	Type animates a uniform of a ShaderEffect
XAnimator	Type animates the x position of an Item
YAnimator	Type animates the y position of an Item
Behavior	Defines a default animation for a property change
FontLoader	Allows fonts to be loaded by name or URL
FontMetrics	Provides metrics for a given font
Path	Defines a path for use by PathView
PathArc	Defines an arc with the given radius
PathAttribute	Specifies how to set an attribute at a given position in a Path
PathCubic	Defines a cubic Bezier curve with two control points
PathCurve	Defines a point on a Catmull-Rom curve
PathElement	The base path type
PathLine	Defines a straight line
PathPercent	Manipulates the way a path is interpreted
PathQuad	Defines a quadratic Bezier curve with a control point
PathSvg	Defines a path using an SVG path data string
PathInterpolator	Specifies how to manually animate along a path
PropertyChanges	Describes new property bindings or values for a state
Shortcut	Provides keyboard shortcuts
SmoothedAnimation	Allows a property to smoothly track a value
SpringAnimation	Allows a property to track a value in a spring-like motion
State	Defines configurations of objects and properties
StateChangeScript	Specifies how to run a script in a state
StateGroup	Provides built-in state support for non-Item types
SystemPalette	Provides access to the Qt palettes
TextMetrics	Provides metrics for a given font and text
Transition	Defines animated transitions that occur on state changes
DoubleValidator	Defines a validator for non-integer numbers
IntValidator	Defines a validator for integer values
RegExpValidator	Provides a string validator