windows服务的编程方法

淩亂°似流年 2022-08-26 15:10 313阅读 0赞

windows服务有两种，一种是驱动服务程序，另外一种是win32服务程序，我们这里只谈win32服务程序，

查看win32服务程序，可以这样：开始－>运行－>services.msc可以打开windows自带的服务程序控制程

序。这个大家都应该很熟悉了吧。下面来讲讲利用vc编程来对win32服务程序进行管理，包括创建、删除

已经对win32服务程序的运行状态进行管理。  
在进入编程之前先要理解几样东西：  
第一：服务控制管理器 service control manager（SCM），SCM在系统启动的时候就会启动，其主要的

作用有以下几个方面：  
1）维持了一张已安装的服务的数据表  
2）根据策略在系统启动时启动服务或者在需要的时候启动服务  
4）枚举已经安装的服务  
4）维持了正在运行的服务的状态信息  
5）向正在运行的服务发送控制信息  
6）对服务数据库的锁定管理  
SCM所维持的数据库可以在注册表中找到：HKEY\_LOCAL\_MACHINE\\SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Services  
SCM通过三类程序的方法来实现对服务的管理：Service program、Service configuration program 和

Service control program

Service Program： 也就是被注册成服务的程序主体，他必须符合服务控制器（SCM）的接口规范，这样

才能被SCM控制（包括启动，停止等等），一个服务程序内可以包含一个服务或多个服务的执行代码，但

是它们都拥有固定的三个部分：服务main函数，服务ServiceMain函数和服务Control Handler函数。  
服务main函数：入口点函数，由于服务程序通常是以控制台的方式存在的，所以它们的入口点自然就是

main函数。在服务控制管理器开始一个服务程序时，会等待StartServiceCtrlDispatcher函数的执行。

如果服务类型是SERVICE\_WIN32\_OWN\_PROCESS就会立即调用StartServiceCtrlDispatcher函数的执行；如

果服务类型是SERVICE\_WIN32\_SHARE\_PROCESS，通常在初始化所有服务之后再调用它。

StartServiceCtrlDispatcher这个函数的作用就是把服务入口点函数和SCM连接起来。  
服务ServiceMain函数：函数ServiceMain是服务的入口点。在服务控制程序请求一个新的服务启动时，

服务控制管理器启动一个服务，并发送一个开始请求到控制调度程序，而后控制调度程序创建一个新线

程来执行ServiceMain函数。ServiceMain须执行以下的任务：调用RegisterServiceCtrlHandler函数注

册一个HandlerEx函数来向服务发送控制请求信息，返回值是服务状态句柄用来向服务控制管理器传送服

务状态。初始化后调用SetServiceStatus函数设置服务状态为SERVICE\_RUNNING。最后，就是执行服务所

要完成的任务。  
服务Control Handler函数：每个服务都有一个控制句柄HandlerEx函数。它会在服务进程从服务控制程

序接收到一个控制请求时被控制调度程序所调用。无论何时在HandlerEx函数被调用时，都要调用

SetServiceStatus函数向服务控制管理器报告它当前的状态。在用户关闭系统时，所有的控制句柄都会

调用带有SERVICE\_ACCEPT\_SHUTDOW控制代码的SetServiceStatus函数来接收NSERVICE\_CONTROL\_SHUTDOWN

控制代码。

这里是一个 Service program的例子：  
实现的功能就是打开一个端口一直监听，连接上来之后，发送一串数据，然后关闭连接。

\#include "Afxwin.h"  
\#include "windows.h"  
\#include "stdio.h"  
\#include "winsock2.h"

\#pragma comment(lib,"ws2\_32")

HANDLE hMutex;  
SERVICE\_STATUS ServiceStatus;  
SERVICE\_STATUS\_HANDLE ServiceStatusHandle;

//Service Control Handler Function  
void WINAPI CmdControl(DWORD dwCode)  
\{  
switch(dwCode)  
\{  
case SERVICE\_CONTROL\_PAUSE:  
ServiceStatus.dwCurrentState = SERVICE\_PAUSED;  
break;

case SERVICE\_CONTROL\_CONTINUE:  
ServiceStatus.dwCurrentState = SERVICE\_RUNNING;  
break;

case SERVICE\_CONTROL\_STOP:  
WaitForSingleObject(hMutex,INFINITE);

ServiceStatus.dwCurrentState = SERVICE\_STOPPED;  
ServiceStatus.dwWin32ExitCode = 0;  
ServiceStatus.dwCheckPoint = 0;  
ServiceStatus.dwWaitHint = 0;  
if(SetServiceStatus(ServiceStatusHandle,&ServiceStatus)==0)  
\{  
printf("SetServiceStatus in CmdControl in Switch Error !\\n");  
\}

return ;

case SERVICE\_CONTROL\_INTERROGATE:  
break;

default:  
break;  
\}

if(SetServiceStatus(ServiceStatusHandle,&ServiceStatus)==0)  
\{  
printf("SetServiceStatus in CmdControl out Switch Error !\\n");  
\}

return ;  
\}

listenPort()  
\{  
WSADATA wsa;  
SOCKET sServer;  
SOCKET sClient;  
struct sockaddr\_in sin;

WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2,2),&wsa);  
sServer = socket(AF\_INET,SOCK\_STREAM,IPPROTO\_TCP);  
if(sServer==INVALID\_SOCKET)  
\{  
printf("Socket Error !\\n");  
return -1;  
\}  
sin.sin\_family = AF\_INET;  
sin.sin\_port = htons(20540);  
sin.sin\_addr.S\_un.S\_addr = INADDR\_ANY;

if(bind(sServer,(const struct sockaddr \*)&sin,sizeof(sin))==SOCKET\_ERROR)  
\{  
printf("Bind Error !\\n");  
return -1;  
\}  
if(listen(sServer,5)==SOCKET\_ERROR)  
\{  
printf("Listen Error !\\n");  
return -1;  
\}  
  
hMutex=CreateMutex(NULL,FALSE,NULL);  
if(hMutex==NULL)  
\{  
printf("Create Mutex Error !\\n");  
\}  
  
while(1)  
\{  
sClient=accept(sServer,NULL,NULL);  
  
send(sClient,"aa",sizeof("aa"),0);  
closesocket(sClient);  
  
Sleep(1000);  
\}

WSACleanup();  
\}

//Service ServiceMain Function  
void WINAPI CmdStart(DWORD dwArgc,LPTSTR \*lpArgv)  
\{  
  
ServiceStatus.dwServiceType = SERVICE\_WIN32;  
ServiceStatus.dwCurrentState = SERVICE\_START\_PENDING;  
ServiceStatus.dwControlsAccepted = SERVICE\_ACCEPT\_STOP  
| SERVICE\_ACCEPT\_PAUSE\_CONTINUE;  
ServiceStatus.dwServiceSpecificExitCode = 0;  
ServiceStatus.dwWin32ExitCode = 0;  
ServiceStatus.dwCheckPoint = 0;  
ServiceStatus.dwWaitHint = 0;

ServiceStatusHandle=RegisterServiceCtrlHandler("ntkrnl",CmdControl); //注册控制响应

程序  
if(ServiceStatusHandle==0)  
\{  
printf("RegisterServiceCtrlHandler Error !\\n");  
return ;  
\}

ServiceStatus.dwCurrentState = SERVICE\_RUNNING;  
ServiceStatus.dwCheckPoint = 0;  
ServiceStatus.dwWaitHint = 0;  
  
if(SetServiceStatus(ServiceStatusHandle,&ServiceStatus)==0)  
\{  
printf("SetServiceStatus in CmdStart Error !\\n");  
return ;  
\}  
listenPort();  
  
return ;  
\}

int main()  
\{  
SERVICE\_TABLE\_ENTRY DispatchTable\[\] =  
\{  
\{"ntkrnl",CmdStart\},  
\{NULL ,NULL \}  
\};  
StartServiceCtrlDispatcher(DispatchTable); //注意：CmdStart函数  
  
return 0;  
\}

Service Configuration Programs：其作用有两个方面，第一是创建、删除和枚举服务，第二是用来更

改或者查询已经安装的服务的信息。完成这些任务可以直接操作注册表，但是最好还是使用SCM 配置函

数。  
SCM 配置函数需要一个SCManger对象或者一个service对象，要获得这些对象可以使用OpenSCManager函

数，或者使用OpenService、CreateService获得service对象。  
这里顺便就把Service Control Programs说了，其实也就是包含一些函数可以控制服务的启动，停止，

相应的函数可以在msdn查询。

下面是一个创建服务的例子，首先使用OpenSCMagenager获得一个SCManger对象，然后使用

CreateService创建一个服务。  
\#include "windows.h"  
\#include "stdio.h"  
\#include "Winsvc.h"  
\#include "TCHAR.h"  
\#pragma comment(lib,"Advapi32.lib")

int main()  
\{  
  
SC\_HANDLE schManager;  
SC\_HANDLE schService;  
DWORD dwBytesNeeded;  
LPQUERY\_SERVICE\_CONFIG lpServiceConfig = NULL;  
LPSERVICE\_DESCRIPTION lpServiceDescription = NULL;  
SERVICE\_STATUS ServiceStatus;  
DWORD dwIndex;

schManager = OpenSCManager

(NULL,NULL,SC\_MANAGER\_ALL\_ACCESS);//SC\_MANAGER\_ALL\_ACCESS);  
if(schManager == NULL)  
\{  
printf("OpenschManager Error: %d\\n",GetLastError());  
return FALSE;  
\}  
SC\_HANDLE hdlServ = CreateService(  
schManager,  
\_T("test"),  
\_T("test"),  
SC\_MANAGER\_ALL\_ACCESS,  
0x00000010,  
3,  
//SERVICE\_ALL\_ACCESS,  
//SERVICE\_WIN32\_OWN\_PROCESS,  
//SERVICE\_DEMAND\_START,  
SERVICE\_ERROR\_NORMAL,  
\_T("d:\\\\test.exe"), //这个就是由上面那个程序生成的

exe文件  
NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL,NULL  
);  
if (hdlServ == NULL)  
\{  
DWORD gg = GetLastError();  
printf("error!\\n");  
\}  
hdlServ = OpenService(schManager,\_T

("test"),SC\_MANAGER\_ALL\_ACCESS);//SERVICE\_ALL\_ACCESS);  
if (hdlServ == NULL)  
\{  
printf("OpenSerivce error\\n");  
\}  
/\*  
if (!DeleteService(hdlServ))  
\{  
printf("delete error\\n");  
\}  
\*/  
//查看服务状态  
SERVICE\_STATUS ss;  
if(QueryServiceStatus(hdlServ, &ss) == FALSE)  
\{  
printf("Error Service Status! %d\\n", GetLastError());  
return FALSE;  
\}  
//如果服务已经启动，则退出  
if(ss.dwCurrentState == SERVICE\_RUNNING)  
return TRUE;

//启动服务  
StartService(hdlServ, 0, NULL);  
Sleep(1000);

//查看服务状态  
if(QueryServiceStatus(hdlServ, &ss) == FALSE)  
\{  
printf("Error Service Status! %d\\n", GetLastError());  
return FALSE;  
\}  
if(ss.dwCurrentState != SERVICE\_RUNNING)  
\{  
printf("Error in Starting Service! %d\\n", GetLastError());  
CloseHandle(hdlServ);  
return FALSE;  
\}

printf("\\nend\\n");  
return 0;  
\}

最后，再举一个例子。  
ServiceAll()枚举所有的服务，并打印出来  
ServiceInformation(char \*szServiceName)查询特定服务的具体信息

\#include "windows.h"  
\#include "stdio.h"  
\#include "Winsvc.h"  
\#include "TCHAR.h"  
\#pragma comment(lib,"Advapi32.lib")  
BOOL ServiceAll()  
\{  
SC\_HANDLE schManager;  
DWORD dwServiceType;  
DWORD dwServiceState;  
DWORD dwIndex;  
DWORD cbBufSize;  
DWORD ResumeHandle;  
DWORD cbBytesNeeded;  
DWORD ServicesReturned;  
ENUM\_SERVICE\_STATUS EnumStatus\[512\];

schManager = OpenSCManager(NULL,NULL,SC\_MANAGER\_ALL\_ACCESS);  
if(schManager == NULL)  
\{  
printf("OpenschManager Error: %d\\n",GetLastError());  
return FALSE;  
\}

dwServiceType = SERVICE\_WIN32;  
dwServiceState = SERVICE\_STATE\_ALL;  
cbBufSize = sizeof(EnumStatus);  
cbBytesNeeded = 0;  
ServicesReturned = 0;  
ResumeHandle = 0;  
if(!EnumServicesStatus(schManager,dwServiceType,dwServiceState,  
EnumStatus,cbBufSize,&cbBytesNeeded,  
&ServicesReturned,&ResumeHandle))  
\{  
cbBufSize += cbBytesNeeded;  
if(!EnumServicesStatus(schManager,dwServiceType,dwServiceState,  
EnumStatus,cbBufSize,&cbBytesNeeded,  
&ServicesReturned,&ResumeHandle))  
\{  
printf("EnumServicesStatus Error: %d\\n",GetLastError());  
return FALSE;  
\}  
else  
\{  
printf("Services:\\t %d\\n",ServicesReturned);  
\}  
\}

printf("\\t\\t=== Services ===\\n\\n");  
printf("%-20s\\t%-10s%s\\n\\n","ServiceName","Status","DisplayName");  
for(dwIndex = 0;dwIndex < ServicesReturned; dwIndex ++)  
\{  
printf("%-20s\\t",EnumStatus\[dwIndex\].lpServiceName);  
switch(EnumStatus\[dwIndex\].ServiceStatus.dwCurrentState)  
\{  
case SERVICE\_STOPPED:  
printf("%-10s","Stopped");  
break;  
case SERVICE\_START\_PENDING:  
printf("%-10s","Starting");  
break;  
case SERVICE\_STOP\_PENDING:  
printf("%-10s","Stopping");  
break;  
case SERVICE\_RUNNING:  
printf("%-10s","Running");  
break;  
case SERVICE\_CONTINUE\_PENDING:  
printf("%-10s","Continue");  
break;  
case SERVICE\_PAUSE\_PENDING:  
printf("%-10s","Pausing");  
break;  
case SERVICE\_PAUSED:  
printf("%-10s","Paused");  
break;  
default:  
printf("%-10s","");  
break;  
\}  
printf("%s\\n",EnumStatus\[dwIndex\].lpDisplayName);  
\}  
printf("\\nTotal:\\t %d\\n",ServicesReturned);

if(schManager != NULL)  
\{  
CloseServiceHandle(schManager);  
\}

return TRUE;  
\}

BOOL ServiceInformation(char \*szServiceName)  
\{  
SC\_HANDLE schManager;  
SC\_HANDLE schService;  
DWORD dwBytesNeeded;  
LPQUERY\_SERVICE\_CONFIG lpServiceConfig = NULL;  
LPSERVICE\_DESCRIPTION lpServiceDescription = NULL;  
SERVICE\_STATUS ServiceStatus;  
DWORD dwIndex;

schManager = OpenSCManager(NULL,NULL,SC\_MANAGER\_ALL\_ACCESS);  
if(schManager == NULL)  
\{  
printf("OpenschManager Error: %d\\n",GetLastError());  
return FALSE;  
\}

schService = OpenService(schManager,szServiceName,SERVICE\_ALL\_ACCESS);  
if(schService == NULL)  
\{  
if(GetLastError() == ERROR\_INVALID\_NAME)  
\{  
printf("%s no Found !\\n",szServiceName);  
return TRUE;  
\}  
printf("OpenService Error: %d\\n",GetLastError());  
return FALSE;  
\}

lpServiceConfig = (LPQUERY\_SERVICE\_CONFIG)malloc(1024\*8);  
printf("\\t\\t=== Configuration ===\\n\\n");  
if(!QueryServiceConfig(schService,lpServiceConfig,1024\*8,&dwBytesNeeded))  
\{  
printf("QueryServiceConfig Error: %d\\n",GetLastError());  
\}  
else  
\{  
if(lpServiceConfig->lpDisplayName != NULL)  
printf("DisplayName:\\t %s\\n",lpServiceConfig->lpDisplayName);  
if(lpServiceConfig->dwTagId != 0)  
printf("TagID:\\t\\t %d\\n",lpServiceConfig->dwTagId);  
printf("FilePath:\\t %s\\n",lpServiceConfig->lpBinaryPathName);  
printf("ServiceType:\\t ");  
switch(lpServiceConfig->dwServiceType)  
\{  
case SERVICE\_WIN32\_OWN\_PROCESS:  
printf("Win32 Own Process\\n");  
break;  
case SERVICE\_WIN32\_SHARE\_PROCESS:  
printf("Win32 Share Process\\n");  
break;  
default:  
printf("\\n");  
break;  
\}  
printf("StartType:\\t ");  
switch(lpServiceConfig->dwStartType)  
\{  
case SERVICE\_AUTO\_START:  
printf("Auto Start\\n");  
break;  
case SERVICE\_BOOT\_START:  
printf("Boot Start\\n");  
break;  
case SERVICE\_DEMAND\_START:  
printf("Demand Start\\n");  
break;  
case SERVICE\_DISABLED:  
printf("Disabled\\n");  
break;  
case SERVICE\_SYSTEM\_START:  
printf("System Start\\n");  
break;  
default:  
printf("\\n");  
break;  
\}  
printf("ErrorControl:\\t ");  
switch(lpServiceConfig->dwErrorControl)  
\{  
case SERVICE\_ERROR\_IGNORE:  
printf("Ignore\\n");  
break;  
case SERVICE\_ERROR\_NORMAL:  
printf("Normal\\n");  
break;  
case SERVICE\_ERROR\_SEVERE:  
printf("Server\\n");  
break;  
case SERVICE\_ERROR\_CRITICAL:  
printf("Critical\\n");  
break;  
default:  
printf("\\n");  
break;  
\}

if(lpServiceConfig->lpServiceStartName != NULL)  
printf("StartName:\\t %s\\n",lpServiceConfig->lpServiceStartName);

printf("LoadOrderGroup:\\t ");  
if(lpServiceConfig->lpLoadOrderGroup\[0\] != '\\0')  
\{  
printf("%s\\n",lpServiceConfig->lpLoadOrderGroup);  
\}  
else  
\{  
printf("(none)\\n");  
\}

dwIndex = 0;  
printf("Dependendencies: ");  
if(lpServiceConfig->lpDependencies\[0\] != '\\0')  
\{  
while(lpServiceConfig->lpDependencies\[dwIndex\] != '\\0'  
|| lpServiceConfig->lpDependencies\[dwIndex+1\] != '\\0')  
\{  
if(lpServiceConfig->lpDependencies\[dwIndex\] == '\\0')  
\{  
printf("; ");  
\}  
else  
\{  
printf("%c",lpServiceConfig->lpDependencies

\[dwIndex\]);  
\}  
dwIndex ++;  
\}  
\}  
else  
\{  
printf("(none)");  
\}  
printf("\\n");  
\}  
if(!QueryServiceStatus(schService,&ServiceStatus))  
\{  
printf("QueryServiceStatus Error: %d\\n",GetLastError());  
\}  
else  
\{  
printf("CurrentState:\\t ");  
switch(ServiceStatus.dwCurrentState)  
\{  
case SERVICE\_CONTINUE\_PENDING:  
printf("Continue\\n");  
break;  
case SERVICE\_PAUSE\_PENDING:  
printf("Pausing\\n");  
break;  
case SERVICE\_PAUSED:  
printf("Paused\\n");  
break;  
case SERVICE\_RUNNING:  
printf("Running\\n");  
break;  
case SERVICE\_START\_PENDING:  
printf("Starting\\n");  
break;  
case SERVICE\_STOP\_PENDING:  
printf("Stopping\\n");  
break;  
case SERVICE\_STOPPED:  
printf("Stopped\\n");  
break;  
default:  
printf("\\n");  
break;  
\}  
printf("Win32ExitCode:\\t %d\\n",ServiceStatus.dwWin32ExitCode);  
printf("SpecialExitCode: %d\\n",ServiceStatus.dwServiceSpecificExitCode);  
printf("CheckPoint:\\t %d\\n",ServiceStatus.dwCheckPoint);  
printf("WaitHint:\\t %d\\n",ServiceStatus.dwWaitHint);  
\}

lpServiceDescription = (LPSERVICE\_DESCRIPTION) malloc(1024\*8);  
if(!QueryServiceConfig2(schService,SERVICE\_CONFIG\_DESCRIPTION,(LPBYTE)

lpServiceDescription,  
8\*1024,&dwBytesNeeded))  
\{  
printf("QueryServiceConfig2 Error: %d\\n",GetLastError());  
\}  
else  
\{  
printf("Description:\\t %s\\n",lpServiceDescription->lpDescription);  
\}

if(lpServiceConfig != NULL)  
\{  
free(lpServiceConfig);  
\}  
if(lpServiceDescription != NULL)  
\{  
free(lpServiceDescription);  
\}  
if(schService != NULL)  
\{  
CloseServiceHandle(schService);  
\}  
if(schManager != NULL)  
\{  
CloseServiceHandle(schManager);  
\}

return TRUE;  
\}

BOOL ServiceControl(char \*szServiceName,DWORD dwSignature)  
\{  
SC\_HANDLE schManager;  
SC\_HANDLE schService;  
SERVICE\_STATUS ServiceStatus;

schManager = OpenSCManager(NULL,NULL,SC\_MANAGER\_ALL\_ACCESS);  
if(schManager == NULL)  
\{  
printf("OpenschManager Error: %d\\n",GetLastError());  
return FALSE;  
\}

if(!QueryServiceStatus(schService,&ServiceStatus))  
\{  
printf("QueryServiceStatus Error: %d\\n",GetLastError());  
\}  
else  
\{  
if(dwSignature == 0)  
\{  
if(ServiceStatus.dwCurrentState == SERVICE\_RUNNING)  
\{  
printf("Already Running !\\n");  
\}  
else  
\{  
if(!StartService(schService,0,NULL))  
\{  
printf("Start %s Error: %

d\\n",szServiceName,GetLastError());  
\}  
else  
\{  
printf("Start %s Success !\\n",szServiceName);  
\}  
\}  
\}  
else if(dwSignature == 1)  
\{  
if(ServiceStatus.dwCheckPoint == SERVICE\_STOPPED)  
\{  
printf("Already Stopped !\\n");  
\}  
else  
\{  
if(!ControlService

(schService,SERVICE\_CONTROL\_STOP,&ServiceStatus))  
\{  
printf("Stop %s Error: %

d\\n",szServiceName,GetLastError());  
\}  
else  
\{  
Sleep(50);  
while(ServiceStatus.dwCheckPoint ==

SERVICE\_STOP\_PENDING)  
\{  
Sleep(30);  
QueryServiceStatus

(schService,&ServiceStatus);  
\}  
if(ServiceStatus.dwCurrentState != SERVICE\_STOPPED)  
\{  
printf("Stop %s Error: %

d\\n",szServiceName,GetLastError());  
\}  
else  
\{  
printf("Stop %s Success !

\\n",szServiceName);  
\}  
\}  
\}  
\}  
else if(dwSignature == 2)  
\{  
if(ServiceStatus.dwCurrentState != SERVICE\_STOPPED)  
\{  
if(!ControlService

(schService,SERVICE\_CONTROL\_STOP,&ServiceStatus))  
\{  
printf("Stop %s Error: %

d\\n",szServiceName,GetLastError());  
return FALSE;  
\}  
\}

if(!DeleteService(schService))  
\{  
printf("Delete %s Error: %d\\n",szServiceName,GetLastError

());  
\}  
else  
\{  
printf("Delte %s Success !\\n",szServiceName,GetLastError

());  
\}  
\}  
\}

if(schService != NULL)  
\{  
CloseServiceHandle(schService);  
\}  
if(schManager != NULL)  
\{  
CloseServiceHandle(schManager);  
\}

return TRUE;  
\}

int main()  
\{  
ServiceAll(); //查询所有服务  
ServiceInformation("Serv-u"); //查询Serv－u这个服务

printf("\\nend\\n");  
return 0;  
\}