C语法归约之函数（2）

秒速五厘米 2022-08-12 06:58 120阅读 0赞

上篇给出了[数组和指针的归约][Link 1]过程，此篇要进一步开辟新阵地——函数！主要用到文法树中的类型和抽象类型以及语句中的compound-stm;

语句和表达式的归约过程将在后期陆续给出，这里函数定义只是简单的一对花括号。

### 函数声明和定义归约 ###

#### 示例代码 ####

本代码部分来自与C99标准中的范例

int f(void);
    int f(char *str, ...);
    int *fip();
    int (*pfi)();
    int (*apfi[3])(int *x, int *y);
    int (*fpfi(int (*)(long), int))(int, ...);//这个复杂，比较难理解，在此文最后总结部分，给出详细解释和使用实例
    void addscalar(int n, int m, int a[n][n*m+300], int x);//来自与C99，不重述
    int f(int (*p1)(int (*p2)(int (*p3)(void))));//在总结中给出解释
    
    int f()
    {
    }

#### 归约过程 ####

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    declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( parameter-declaration 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( parameter-list 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator ( parameter-type-list 
    
    curr: )  next: ;  
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers init-declarator 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers init-declarator-list 
    
    curr: ;  next: int  
    declaration-list declaration 
    declaration-list 
    
    curr: int  next: f  
    declaration-list type-specifier 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers 
    
    curr: ID  next: (  
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator 
    
    curr: (  next: )  
    
    curr: )  next: {  
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator 
    
    curr: {  next: }  
    
    curr: }  next: NULL  
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator compound-statement 
    declaration-list function-definition 
    declaration-list function-definition-list 
    translation-unit

#### 总结 ####

int (*pfi)();//这是个函数指针
    
    int (*apfi[3])(int *x, int *y); //这是个函数指针数组，三个函数类型是int (*)(int *, int *)指针变量

它的最大应用就是钩子函数！假设三个功能函数接口类型一致，且有相对编号012，那么指针数组就派上用场了，使用编号调用接口等等吧，这只是常见的应用一种方式！

int (*fpfi(int (*)(long), int))(int, ...);

从最里层开始看起，int (\*)(long)这是个抽象函数类型，它指定了函数fpfi的第一个参数的类型，即fpfi（）函数第一个参数是个函数指针，紧接是个int，即fpfi()第二参数是个整型变量。fpfi（）函数的返回值类型是int (\*)(int, ...)，这样就清楚了！  
函数名:fpfi  
返回值:int(\*)(int, ...)  
参数:P1:int(\*)(long);  p2:int  
为了便于理解，写个简单范例，注意这个范例很黄很暴力！哈哈

#include <stdio.h>
    
    int (*mother(int (*)(long), int))(int);
    
    int girl(long leg)
    {
    	printf("girl's leg? %ld\n", leg);
    	return -1;
    }
    
    int boy(int big)
    {
    	printf("boy's pipe ? %d\n", big);
    	return -2;
    }
    
    int (*mother(int (*g)(long), int m)) (int)
    {
    	g(35);
    	printf("mother marry%d\n", m);
    	return boy;
    }
    
    int main(int argc, char *argv[])
    {
    	int (*father)(int);
    
    	printf("first:\n");
    	father = mother(girl, 10);
    	father(19);
    
    	int (*(*wife)(int (*)(long), int))(int);
    	printf("second:\n");
    	wife = mother;
    	father = wife(girl, 15);
    	father(21);
    	return 0;
    }

int f(int (*p1)(int (*p2)(int (*p3)(void))));

函数f的参数类型是 int (\*)(int (\*)(int (\*)())),意思就是(\*p2)的参数是个函数指针int (\*)()，（\*p1）的参数还是个函数指针 int (\*)(int (\*)())

[下篇：表达式][Link 2]

[Link 1]: http://blog.csdn.net/cwcmcw/article/details/39430145
[Link 2]: http://blog.csdn.net/cwcmcw/article/details/39449795#t5