C语法归约之变量声明和定义（0）

快来打我* 2022-08-12 03:59 126阅读 0赞

### 0前言 ###

闲来无事，在屋里多看了一眼《编译原理》（2V），有练练手的冲动——采用LR(1)技术，写了一个C语言的语法归约器！之所以用LR(1)是因为gcc，ucc，tcc和lcc跟商量好似的，清一色的用的LL归约技术，书上也是讲的跟天花一样漂亮，那么就说明它已经十分成熟了，如果再使用LL技术实在是炸不出价值来，源码一抓一大把，看看就够了，重写必要性不大！另外，书中的LR技术讲的项集又是大的没谱，工作量太大；如果使用工具yacc生成，又不知道它咋搞的猫腻，所以就没有踩它们的脚印，自己整套方法high起来^!^！至于后期要不要增加编译的其他部分，再说。现在用它来拉拉风！顺便解释下C语言真正机密——归约！

### 1、C语言C99文法树 ###

C99文法树图，这是C99标准文法，画成图了，方便查阅，便于理解。其中实线是归约方向，虚线箭头不是归约指向，是箭头指向的产生式中此非终结符的产生式，实线箭头相连两头构成一个产生式！（注：图较大，显示太小，请自行右键图片另存为下载该图片查阅或者干脆查看C99文法，都中）

值得提醒一点的是，单纯从文法上讲，它不是树，更准确的说是图，但为了方便理解，中间交织的内容就没有连接，从而看上去还像一颗树

a、表达式（注，为了便于理解运算符优先级，这部分化成了圈）

![SouthEast][]

b、声明，定义，初始化，抽象类型部分（注，图中有opt的，则表示前面的非终结符可选）

![Center][]

c、语句部分（注，图中有opt的，则表示前面的非终结符可选，鉴于图片大小分布，没有展开）

![SouthEast 1][]

d、外部定义

![SouthEast 2][]

e、合成总图（几部分的连接不是绝对的对应，比如expression在多处出现，我只是简单链接一条示意了一下，不要钻牛尖哦）

![Center 1][]

### 2、实例探究 ###

如果你没有C语言基础，请按照下面步骤执行，一移动鼠标到浏览器的X,二点击关闭，over，(\*^\_\_^\*) ！如果你是初学者，可能会有点好处；前提是下文你得看得懂！如果你是个码农，可能你会看到之前你没有看到的C的另一层面！如果你是个高级工程师且懂得编译，那么你也按照上面两步走或者高手ALT-F4即可！

阅读说明：（对读懂很重要）

0-仅归约过程，无符号表处理，因此不检查ID的冲突和不对typedef的类型归约  
1-归约过程输出的是归约栈的整个栈当前状态

2-连续的栈输出，表示curr的多次归约  
3-栈顶非终结符是从上步归约而来

比如：

declaration-specifiers direct-declarator   
     declaration-specifiers declarator

其中declarator是从direct-declarator归约而来

再比如：

declaration-list type-specifier declaration-specifiers   
     declaration-list declaration-specifiers

其中declaration-specifiers是由type-specifier declaration-specifiers 归约而来，等等  
4-curr输出当前归约的终结符，next是预取下一个要归约的终结符  
5-如果curr输出是ID，STR，CONSTANT，则它的真实值是前面的next输出.比如下面的curr: ID, next ; 那么这个ID就是右上vali  
6-要结合上面的文法图或者C99标准来解读  
7-任何无语法错误的源程序都要归约成一棵树！根结点就是translation-unit

话说千言万语不如一个好例子。当然不可能在这里穷举所有相关语法的实例，而只在常用重点上举几个例子！看看 C语言是怎么被解析的！

#### 2.1、基本全局变量 ####

示例代码

int vali;
    char valc;
    short vals;
    long vall;
    unsigned int valui;
    signed int valsi;
    /*其余float double double float

unsigned char, signed char, unsigned short, signed short
      unsigned long, signed long都一样的归约过程,不多余举例*/

归约树

curr: int  next: vali  
    type-specifier 
    declaration-specifiers 
    
    curr: ID  next: ;  
    declaration-specifiers direct-declarator 
    declaration-specifiers declarator 
    declaration-specifiers init-declarator 
    declaration-specifiers init-declarator-list 
    
    curr: ;  next: char  
    declaration 
    declaration-list 
    //归约char valc;
    curr: char  next: valc  
    declaration-list type-specifier 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers 
    
    curr: ID  next: ;  
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers init-declarator 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers init-declarator-list 
    
    curr: ;  next: short  
    declaration-list declaration 
    declaration-list 
    //归约short vals;
    curr: short  next: vals  
    declaration-list type-specifier 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers 
    
    curr: ID  next: ;  
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers init-declarator 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers init-declarator-list 
    
    curr: ;  next: long  
    declaration-list declaration 
    declaration-list 
    //归约long vall;
    curr: long  next: vall  
    declaration-list type-specifier 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers 
    
    curr: ID  next: ;  
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers init-declarator 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers init-declarator-list 
    
    curr: ;  next: unsigned  
    declaration-list declaration 
    declaration-list 
    //归约unsigned int valui;
    curr: unsigned  next: int  
    declaration-list type-specifier 
    
    curr: int  next: valui  
    declaration-list type-specifier type-specifier 
    declaration-list type-specifier declaration-specifiers 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers 
    
    curr: ID  next: ;  
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers init-declarator 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers init-declarator-list 
    
    curr: ;  next: signed  
    declaration-list declaration 
    declaration-list 
    //归约signed int valsi;
    curr: signed  next: int  
    declaration-list type-specifier 
    
    curr: int  next: valsi  
    declaration-list type-specifier type-specifier 
    declaration-list type-specifier declaration-specifiers 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers 
    
    curr: ID  next: ;  
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers init-declarator 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers init-declarator-list 
    
    curr: ;  next: NULL  
    declaration-list declaration 
    declaration-list 
    translation-unit //完成

提示

int vali;归约过程为例子

int->type-specifier->declaration-specifiers(1)

ID->direct-declarator->declarator->init-declarator->init-declarator-list (2)

(1)和（2）->declaration.

由于下面还有变量的定义，因此

declaration->declaration-list

![SouthEast 3][]

上面其他变量的归约过程基本一样，不多解释！

从语法来讲，void, char, short, int, long, float, double, unsigned, signed,可以任意组合N长的类型说明符，比如long long long long int unsigned char short,这8个当成一个类型也是能正确归约的。当然它没有意义！有没有意义这是类型检测的工作，属于后话，先不说！

#### 2.2、结构联合枚举类型声明和定义 ####

示例代码

struct AA;
    union BB;
    enum CC;
    
    struct girl {
    	int ga, gb, gc;
    };
    
    struct boy {
    	struct girl bl;
    };
    
    struct woman {
    	union inner {
    		struct girl gg;
    		struct boy bb;
    	}sex;
    };
    
    union type{
    	int vali;
    	char ch;
    	long vall;
    };
    
    enum tag{
    	FIRST,
    	FOLLOW,
    	LAST,
    	TEST
    };

归约树

curr: struct  next: AA  
    
    curr: ID  next: ;  
    struct-specifier 
    type-specifier 
    declaration-specifiers 
    
    curr: ;  next: union  
    declaration 
    declaration-list 
    //归约union BB;
    curr: union  next: BB  
    
    curr: ID  next: ;  
    declaration-list union-specifier 
    declaration-list type-specifier 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers 
    
    curr: ;  next: enum  
    declaration-list declaration 
    declaration-list 
    //归约enum CC;
    curr: enum  next: CC  
    
    curr: ID  next: ;  
    declaration-list enum-specifier 
    declaration-list type-specifier 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers 
    
    curr: ;  next: struct  
    declaration-list declaration 
    declaration-list 
    /*归约struct girl {
    int ga, gb, gc;
    };*/
    curr: struct  next: girl  
    
    curr: ID  next: {  
    
    curr: {  next: int  
    
    curr: int  next: ga  
    declaration-list struct ID { type-specifier 
    declaration-list struct ID { specifier-qualifier-list 
    
    curr: ID  next: ,  
    declaration-list struct ID { specifier-qualifier-list direct-declarator 
    declaration-list struct ID { specifier-qualifier-list declarator 
    declaration-list struct ID { specifier-qualifier-list struct-declarator-list 
    
    curr: ,  next: gb  
    
    curr: ID  next: ,  
    declaration-list struct ID { specifier-qualifier-list struct-declarator-list , direct-declarator 
    declaration-list struct ID { specifier-qualifier-list struct-declarator-list , declarator 
    declaration-list struct ID { specifier-qualifier-list struct-declarator-list 
    
    curr: ,  next: gc  
    
    curr: ID  next: ;  
    declaration-list struct ID { specifier-qualifier-list struct-declarator-list , direct-declarator 
    declaration-list struct ID { specifier-qualifier-list struct-declarator-list , declarator 
    declaration-list struct ID { specifier-qualifier-list struct-declarator-list 
    
    curr: ;  next: }  
    declaration-list struct ID { struct-declaration 
    declaration-list struct ID { struct-declaration-list 
    
    curr: }  next: ;  
    declaration-list struct-specifier 
    declaration-list type-specifier 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers 
    
    curr: ;  next: struct  
    declaration-list declaration 
    declaration-list 
    /*归约struct boy {
    struct girl bl;
    };*/
    curr: struct  next: boy  
    
    curr: ID  next: {  
    
    curr: {  next: struct  
    
    curr: struct  next: girl  
    
    curr: bl  next: ID  
    declaration-list struct ID { struct-specifier 
    declaration-list struct ID { type-specifier 
    declaration-list struct ID { specifier-qualifier-list 
    
    curr: ID  next: ;  
    declaration-list struct ID { specifier-qualifier-list direct-declarator 
    declaration-list struct ID { specifier-qualifier-list declarator 
    declaration-list struct ID { specifier-qualifier-list struct-declarator-list 
    
    curr: ;  next: }  
    declaration-list struct ID { struct-declaration 
    declaration-list struct ID { struct-declaration-list 
    
    curr: }  next: ;  
    declaration-list struct-specifier 
    declaration-list type-specifier 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers 
    
    curr: ;  next: struct  
    declaration-list declaration 
    declaration-list 
    /*归约struct woman {
    union inner {
    struct girl gg;
    struct boy bb;
    }sex;
    };*/
    curr: struct  next: woman  
    
    curr: ID  next: {  
    
    curr: {  next: union  
    
    curr: union  next: inner  
    
    curr: ID  next: {  
    
    curr: {  next: struct  
    
    curr: struct  next: girl  
    
    curr: gg  next: ID  
    declaration-list struct ID { union ID { struct-specifier 
    declaration-list struct ID { union ID { type-specifier 
    declaration-list struct ID { union ID { specifier-qualifier-list 
    
    curr: ID  next: ;  
    declaration-list struct ID { union ID { specifier-qualifier-list direct-declarator 
    declaration-list struct ID { union ID { specifier-qualifier-list declarator 
    declaration-list struct ID { union ID { specifier-qualifier-list struct-declarator-list 
    
    curr: ;  next: struct  
    declaration-list struct ID { union ID { struct-declaration 
    declaration-list struct ID { union ID { struct-declaration-list 
    
    curr: struct  next: boy  
    
    curr: bb  next: ID  
    declaration-list struct ID { union ID { struct-declaration-list struct-specifier 
    declaration-list struct ID { union ID { struct-declaration-list type-specifier 
    declaration-list struct ID { union ID { struct-declaration-list specifier-qualifier-list 
    
    curr: ID  next: ;  
    declaration-list struct ID { union ID { struct-declaration-list specifier-qualifier-list direct-declarator 
    declaration-list struct ID { union ID { struct-declaration-list specifier-qualifier-list declarator 
    declaration-list struct ID { union ID { struct-declaration-list specifier-qualifier-list struct-declarator-list 
    
    curr: ;  next: }  
    declaration-list struct ID { union ID { struct-declaration-list struct-declaration 
    declaration-list struct ID { union ID { struct-declaration-list 
    
    curr: }  next: sex  
    declaration-list struct ID { union-specifier 
    declaration-list struct ID { type-specifier 
    declaration-list struct ID { specifier-qualifier-list 
    
    curr: ID  next: ;  
    declaration-list struct ID { specifier-qualifier-list direct-declarator 
    declaration-list struct ID { specifier-qualifier-list declarator 
    declaration-list struct ID { specifier-qualifier-list struct-declarator-list 
    
    curr: ;  next: }  
    declaration-list struct ID { struct-declaration 
    declaration-list struct ID { struct-declaration-list 
    
    curr: }  next: ;  
    declaration-list struct-specifier 
    declaration-list type-specifier 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers 
    
    curr: ;  next: union  
    declaration-list declaration 
    declaration-list 
    /*归约union type{
    int vali;
    char ch;
    long vall;
    };*/
    curr: union  next: type  
    
    curr: ID  next: {  
    
    curr: {  next: int  
    
    curr: int  next: vali  
    declaration-list union ID { type-specifier 
    declaration-list union ID { specifier-qualifier-list 
    
    curr: ID  next: ;  
    declaration-list union ID { specifier-qualifier-list direct-declarator 
    declaration-list union ID { specifier-qualifier-list declarator 
    declaration-list union ID { specifier-qualifier-list struct-declarator-list 
    
    curr: ;  next: char  
    declaration-list union ID { struct-declaration 
    declaration-list union ID { struct-declaration-list 
    
    curr: char  next: ch  
    declaration-list union ID { struct-declaration-list type-specifier 
    declaration-list union ID { struct-declaration-list specifier-qualifier-list 
    
    curr: ID  next: ;  
    declaration-list union ID { struct-declaration-list specifier-qualifier-list direct-declarator 
    declaration-list union ID { struct-declaration-list specifier-qualifier-list declarator 
    declaration-list union ID { struct-declaration-list specifier-qualifier-list struct-declarator-list 
    
    curr: ;  next: long  
    declaration-list union ID { struct-declaration-list struct-declaration 
    declaration-list union ID { struct-declaration-list 
    
    curr: long  next: vall  
    declaration-list union ID { struct-declaration-list type-specifier 
    declaration-list union ID { struct-declaration-list specifier-qualifier-list 
    
    curr: ID  next: ;  
    declaration-list union ID { struct-declaration-list specifier-qualifier-list direct-declarator 
    declaration-list union ID { struct-declaration-list specifier-qualifier-list declarator 
    declaration-list union ID { struct-declaration-list specifier-qualifier-list struct-declarator-list 
    
    curr: ;  next: }  
    declaration-list union ID { struct-declaration-list struct-declaration 
    declaration-list union ID { struct-declaration-list 
    
    curr: }  next: ;  
    declaration-list union-specifier 
    declaration-list type-specifier 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers 
    
    curr: ;  next: enum  
    declaration-list declaration 
    declaration-list 
    /*归约enum tag{
    FIRST,
    FOLLOW,
    LAST,
    TEST
    };*/
    curr: enum  next: tag  
    
    curr: ID  next: {  
    
    curr: {  next: FIRST  
    
    curr: ID  next: ,  
    declaration-list enum ID { enumeration-constant 
    declaration-list enum ID { enumerator 
    declaration-list enum ID { enumerator-list 
    
    curr: ,  next: FOLLOW  
    
    curr: ID  next: ,  
    declaration-list enum ID { enumerator-list , enumeration-constant 
    declaration-list enum ID { enumerator-list , enumerator 
    declaration-list enum ID { enumerator-list 
    
    curr: ,  next: LAST  
    
    curr: ID  next: ,  
    declaration-list enum ID { enumerator-list , enumeration-constant 
    declaration-list enum ID { enumerator-list , enumerator 
    declaration-list enum ID { enumerator-list 
    
    curr: ,  next: TEST  
    
    curr: ID  next: }  
    declaration-list enum ID { enumerator-list , enumeration-constant 
    declaration-list enum ID { enumerator-list , enumerator 
    declaration-list enum ID { enumerator-list 
    
    curr: }  next: ;  
    declaration-list enum-specifier 
    declaration-list type-specifier 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers 
    
    curr: ;  next: NULL  
    declaration-list declaration 
    declaration-list 
    translation-unit

#### 2.3、结构联合枚举的初始化 ####

示例代码

struct a {
    	int b;
    	struct {
    		char ch;
    		int id;
    	} me;
    	struct a *next;
    
    } student[10] = {
    	1, {1, 2}, 0,
    	1, {1, 2}, 0,
    	1, {1, 2}, 0,
    	1, {1, 2}, 0,
    };
    
    
    struct a b[4] = {
    	.b = 0,
    	.me = {.ch = a,
    		   .id = 0,},
    	.c
    	.d
    	.e = 1,};
    union c{
    	int i;
    	char ch;
    } age_sex[5] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
    
    enum {
    	WOMEN = 1,
    	MAN,
    	CHILD
    };

归约树

curr: struct  next: a  
    
    curr: ID  next: {  
    
    curr: {  next: int  
    
    curr: int  next: b  
    struct ID { type-specifier 
    struct ID { specifier-qualifier-list 
    
    curr: ID  next: ;  
    struct ID { specifier-qualifier-list direct-declarator 
    struct ID { specifier-qualifier-list declarator 
    struct ID { specifier-qualifier-list struct-declarator-list 
    
    curr: ;  next: struct  
    struct ID { struct-declaration 
    struct ID { struct-declaration-list 
    
    curr: struct  next: {  
    
    curr: {  next: char  
    
    curr: char  next: ch  
    struct ID { struct-declaration-list struct { type-specifier 
    struct ID { struct-declaration-list struct { specifier-qualifier-list 
    
    curr: ID  next: ;  
    struct ID { struct-declaration-list struct { specifier-qualifier-list direct-declarator 
    struct ID { struct-declaration-list struct { specifier-qualifier-list declarator 
    struct ID { struct-declaration-list struct { specifier-qualifier-list struct-declarator-list 
    
    curr: ;  next: int  
    struct ID { struct-declaration-list struct { struct-declaration 
    struct ID { struct-declaration-list struct { struct-declaration-list 
    
    curr: int  next: id  
    struct ID { struct-declaration-list struct { struct-declaration-list type-specifier 
    struct ID { struct-declaration-list struct { struct-declaration-list specifier-qualifier-list 
    
    curr: ID  next: ;  
    struct ID { struct-declaration-list struct { struct-declaration-list specifier-qualifier-list direct-declarator 
    struct ID { struct-declaration-list struct { struct-declaration-list specifier-qualifier-list declarator 
    struct ID { struct-declaration-list struct { struct-declaration-list specifier-qualifier-list struct-declarator-list 
    
    curr: ;  next: }  
    struct ID { struct-declaration-list struct { struct-declaration-list struct-declaration 
    struct ID { struct-declaration-list struct { struct-declaration-list 
    
    curr: }  next: me  
    struct ID { struct-declaration-list struct-specifier 
    struct ID { struct-declaration-list type-specifier 
    struct ID { struct-declaration-list specifier-qualifier-list 
    
    curr: ID  next: ;  
    struct ID { struct-declaration-list specifier-qualifier-list direct-declarator 
    struct ID { struct-declaration-list specifier-qualifier-list declarator 
    struct ID { struct-declaration-list specifier-qualifier-list struct-declarator-list 
    
    curr: ;  next: struct  
    struct ID { struct-declaration-list struct-declaration 
    struct ID { struct-declaration-list 
    
    curr: struct  next: a  
    
    curr: ID  next: *  
    struct ID { struct-declaration-list struct-specifier 
    struct ID { struct-declaration-list type-specifier 
    struct ID { struct-declaration-list specifier-qualifier-list 
    
    curr: *  next: next  
    struct ID { struct-declaration-list specifier-qualifier-list pointer 
    
    curr: ID  next: ;  
    struct ID { struct-declaration-list specifier-qualifier-list pointer direct-declarator 
    struct ID { struct-declaration-list specifier-qualifier-list declarator 
    struct ID { struct-declaration-list specifier-qualifier-list struct-declarator-list 
    
    curr: ;  next: }  
    struct ID { struct-declaration-list struct-declaration 
    struct ID { struct-declaration-list 
    
    curr: }  next: student  
    struct-specifier 
    type-specifier 
    declaration-specifiers 
    
    curr: ID  next: [  
    declaration-specifiers direct-declarator 
    
    curr: [  next: 10  
    
    curr: 10  next: ]  
    declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ primary-expression 
    declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ postfix-expression 
    declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ unary-expression 
    declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ cast-expression 
    declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ multiplicative-expression 
    declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ additive-expression 
    declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ shift-expression 
    declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ relational-expression 
    declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ equality-expression 
    declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ AND-expression 
    declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ exclusive-OR-expression 
    declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ inclusive-OR-expression 
    declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ logical-AND-expression 
    declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ logical-OR-expression 
    declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ conditional-expression 
    declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ assignment-expression 
    
    curr: ]  next: =  
    declaration-specifiers direct-declarator 
    declaration-specifiers declarator 
    
    curr: =  next: {  
    
    curr: {  next: 1  
    
    curr: 1  next: ,  
    declaration-specifiers declarator = { primary-expression 
    declaration-specifiers declarator = { postfix-expression 
    declaration-specifiers declarator = { unary-expression 
    declaration-specifiers declarator = { cast-expression 
    declaration-specifiers declarator = { multiplicative-expression 
    declaration-specifiers declarator = { additive-expression 
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    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation { designation primary-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation { designation postfix-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation { designation unary-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation { designation cast-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation { designation multiplicative-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation { designation additive-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation { designation shift-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation { designation relational-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation { designation equality-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation { designation AND-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation { designation exclusive-OR-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation { designation inclusive-OR-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation { designation logical-AND-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation { designation logical-OR-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation { designation conditional-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation { designation assignment-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation { designation initializer 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation { initializer-list 
    
    curr: ,  next: .  
    
    curr: .  next: id  
    
    curr: ID  next: =  
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation { initializer-list , designator 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation { initializer-list , designator-list 
    
    curr: =  next: 0  
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation { initializer-list , designation 
    
    curr: 0  next: ,  
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation { initializer-list , designation primary-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation { initializer-list , designation postfix-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation { initializer-list , designation unary-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation { initializer-list , designation cast-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation { initializer-list , designation multiplicative-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation { initializer-list , designation additive-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation { initializer-list , designation shift-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation { initializer-list , designation relational-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation { initializer-list , designation equality-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation { initializer-list , designation AND-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation { initializer-list , designation exclusive-OR-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation { initializer-list , designation inclusive-OR-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation { initializer-list , designation logical-AND-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation { initializer-list , designation logical-OR-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation { initializer-list , designation conditional-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation { initializer-list , designation assignment-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation { initializer-list , designation initializer 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation { initializer-list 
    
    curr: ,  next: }  
    
    curr: }  next: ,  
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation initializer 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list 
    
    curr: ,  next: .  
    
    curr: .  next: c  
    
    curr: ID  next: .  
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designator 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designator-list 
    
    curr: .  next: d  
    
    curr: ID  next: .  
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designator-list designator 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designator-list 
    
    curr: .  next: e  
    
    curr: ID  next: =  
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designator-list designator 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designator-list 
    
    curr: =  next: 1  
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation 
    
    curr: 1  next: ,  
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation primary-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation postfix-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation unary-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation cast-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation multiplicative-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation additive-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation shift-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation relational-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation equality-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation AND-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation exclusive-OR-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation inclusive-OR-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation logical-AND-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation logical-OR-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation conditional-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation assignment-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation initializer 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list 
    
    curr: ,  next: }  
    
    curr: }  next: ;  
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = initializer 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers init-declarator 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers init-declarator-list 
    
    curr: ;  next: union  
    declaration-list declaration 
    declaration-list 
    
    curr: union  next: c  
    
    curr: ID  next: {  
    
    curr: {  next: int  
    
    curr: int  next: i  
    declaration-list union ID { type-specifier 
    declaration-list union ID { specifier-qualifier-list 
    
    curr: ID  next: ;  
    declaration-list union ID { specifier-qualifier-list direct-declarator 
    declaration-list union ID { specifier-qualifier-list declarator 
    declaration-list union ID { specifier-qualifier-list struct-declarator-list 
    
    curr: ;  next: char  
    declaration-list union ID { struct-declaration 
    declaration-list union ID { struct-declaration-list 
    
    curr: char  next: ch  
    declaration-list union ID { struct-declaration-list type-specifier 
    declaration-list union ID { struct-declaration-list specifier-qualifier-list 
    
    curr: ID  next: ;  
    declaration-list union ID { struct-declaration-list specifier-qualifier-list direct-declarator 
    declaration-list union ID { struct-declaration-list specifier-qualifier-list declarator 
    declaration-list union ID { struct-declaration-list specifier-qualifier-list struct-declarator-list 
    
    curr: ;  next: }  
    declaration-list union ID { struct-declaration-list struct-declaration 
    declaration-list union ID { struct-declaration-list 
    
    curr: }  next: age_sex  
    declaration-list union-specifier 
    declaration-list type-specifier 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers 
    
    curr: ID  next: [  
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator 
    
    curr: [  next: 5  
    
    curr: 5  next: ]  
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ primary-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ postfix-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ unary-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ cast-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ multiplicative-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ additive-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ shift-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ relational-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ equality-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ AND-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ exclusive-OR-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ inclusive-OR-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ logical-AND-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ logical-OR-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ conditional-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ assignment-expression 
    
    curr: ]  next: =  
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator 
    
    curr: =  next: {  
    
    curr: {  next: 1  
    
    curr: 1  next: ,  
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { primary-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { postfix-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { unary-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { cast-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { multiplicative-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { additive-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { shift-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { relational-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { equality-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { AND-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { exclusive-OR-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { inclusive-OR-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { logical-AND-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { logical-OR-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { conditional-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { assignment-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list 
    
    curr: ,  next: 2  
    
    curr: 2  next: ,  
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , primary-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , postfix-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , unary-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , cast-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , multiplicative-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , additive-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , shift-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , relational-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , equality-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , AND-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , exclusive-OR-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , inclusive-OR-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , logical-AND-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , logical-OR-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , conditional-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , assignment-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , initializer 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list 
    
    curr: ,  next: 3  
    
    curr: 3  next: ,  
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , primary-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , postfix-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , unary-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , cast-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , multiplicative-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , additive-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , shift-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , relational-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , equality-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , AND-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , exclusive-OR-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , inclusive-OR-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , logical-AND-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , logical-OR-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , conditional-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , assignment-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , initializer 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list 
    
    curr: ,  next: 4  
    
    curr: 4  next: ,  
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , primary-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , postfix-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , unary-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , cast-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , multiplicative-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , additive-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , shift-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , relational-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , equality-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , AND-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , exclusive-OR-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , inclusive-OR-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , logical-AND-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , logical-OR-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , conditional-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , assignment-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , initializer 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list 
    
    curr: ,  next: 5  
    
    curr: 5  next: }  
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , primary-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , postfix-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , unary-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , cast-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , multiplicative-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , additive-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , shift-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , relational-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , equality-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , AND-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , exclusive-OR-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , inclusive-OR-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , logical-AND-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , logical-OR-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , conditional-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , assignment-expression 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , initializer 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list 
    
    curr: }  next: ;  
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = initializer 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers init-declarator 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers init-declarator-list 
    
    curr: ;  next: enum  
    declaration-list declaration 
    declaration-list 
    
    curr: enum  next: {  
    
    curr: {  next: WOMEN  
    
    curr: ID  next: =  
    declaration-list enum { enumeration-constant 
    
    curr: =  next: 1  
    
    curr: 1  next: ,  
    declaration-list enum { enumeration-constant = primary-expression 
    declaration-list enum { enumeration-constant = postfix-expression 
    declaration-list enum { enumeration-constant = unary-expression 
    declaration-list enum { enumeration-constant = cast-expression 
    declaration-list enum { enumeration-constant = multiplicative-expression 
    declaration-list enum { enumeration-constant = additive-expression 
    declaration-list enum { enumeration-constant = shift-expression 
    declaration-list enum { enumeration-constant = relational-expression 
    declaration-list enum { enumeration-constant = equality-expression 
    declaration-list enum { enumeration-constant = AND-expression 
    declaration-list enum { enumeration-constant = exclusive-OR-expression 
    declaration-list enum { enumeration-constant = inclusive-OR-expression 
    declaration-list enum { enumeration-constant = logical-AND-expression 
    declaration-list enum { enumeration-constant = logical-OR-expression 
    declaration-list enum { enumeration-constant = conditional-expression 
    declaration-list enum { enumeration-constant = constant-expression 
    declaration-list enum { enumerator 
    declaration-list enum { enumerator-list 
    
    curr: ,  next: MAN  
    
    curr: ID  next: ,  
    declaration-list enum { enumerator-list , enumeration-constant 
    declaration-list enum { enumerator-list , enumerator 
    declaration-list enum { enumerator-list 
    
    curr: ,  next: CHILD  
    
    curr: ID  next: }  
    declaration-list enum { enumerator-list , enumeration-constant 
    declaration-list enum { enumerator-list , enumerator 
    declaration-list enum { enumerator-list 
    
    curr: }  next: ;  
    declaration-list enum-specifier 
    declaration-list type-specifier 
    declaration-list declaration-specifiers 
    
    curr: ;  next: NULL  
    declaration-list declaration 
    declaration-list 
    translation-unit

[下文：数组和指针][Link 1]

[SouthEast]: /images/20220810/632b64cf630844ce9db953e26d6f1be8.png
[Center]: /images/20220810/260a90a3407247f8a4885bcf6a11fd65.png
[SouthEast 1]: /images/20220810/fea5c3d9e46f48be88d12d2cf90c7f50.png
[SouthEast 2]: /images/20220810/d0d62f7a455b4fdd94ea077ca6cce353.png
[Center 1]: /images/20220810/ac04f2e2934446258279bcb550750c25.png
[SouthEast 3]: /images/20220810/6732c9bcc32d4c6c8fbd90ecd941f0d1.png
[Link 1]: http://blog.csdn.net/cwcmcw/article/details/39430145