opencv实现图像细化效果
在图像处理中，有时候我们会想要提取图像的骨架，这是就需要对图像进行细化，opencv中没有直接进行细化的算法，网上大部分的细化算法都是基于以前IplImage结构的，对于想要使用新的C++接口的Mat结构需要进行一定的修改，本文的细化方法是基于Mat数据结构的，使用的是OpenCV2.4.9版本。
参考自：http://blog.csdn.net/qianchenglenger/article/details/19332011
//提取图像的骨架void ImgThin(cv::Mat src,int maxIterations=-1){if (src.empty()) return;//图像为空，直接返回cv::threshold(src, src, m_dThreshold, 1, CV_THRESH_BINARY);//转为0或1的图像int ImgHeight = src.rows;int ImgWidth = src.cols;int count = 0; //记录迭代次数while (true){count++;if (maxIterations != -1 && count > maxIterations) //限制次数并且迭代次数到达break;vector<pair<int, int> > mFlag; //用于标记需要删除的点//对点标记for (int i = 0; i < ImgHeight; ++i){for (int j = 0; j < ImgWidth; ++j){//如果满足四个条件，进行标记// p9 p2 p3// p8 p1 p4// p7 p6 p5int p1 = src.at<uchar>(i, j);int p2 = (i == 0) ? 0 : src.at<uchar>(i - 1, j);int p3 = (i == 0 || j == ImgWidth - 1) ? 0 : src.at<uchar>(i - 1, j + 1);int p4 = (j == ImgWidth - 1) ? 0 : src.at<uchar>(i, j + 1);int p5 = (i == ImgHeight - 1 || j == ImgWidth - 1) ? 0 : src.at<uchar>(i + 1, j + 1);int p6 = (i == ImgHeight - 1) ? 0 : src.at<uchar>(i + 1, j);int p7 = (i == ImgHeight - 1 || j == 0) ? 0 : src.at<uchar>(i + 1, j - 1);int p8 = (j == 0) ? 0 : src.at<uchar>(i, j - 1);int p9 = (i == 0 || j == 0) ? 0 : src.at<uchar>(i - 1, j - 1);if ((p2 + p3 + p4 + p5 + p6 + p7 + p8 + p9) >= 2 && (p2 + p3 + p4 + p5 + p6 + p7 + p8 + p9) <= 6){int ap = 0;if (p2 == 0 && p3 == 1) ++ap;if (p3 == 0 && p4 == 1) ++ap;if (p4 == 0 && p5 == 1) ++ap;if (p5 == 0 && p6 == 1) ++ap;if (p6 == 0 && p7 == 1) ++ap;if (p7 == 0 && p8 == 1) ++ap;if (p8 == 0 && p9 == 1) ++ap;if (p9 == 0 && p2 == 1) ++ap;if (ap == 1){if (p2*p4*p6 == 0){if (p4*p6*p8 == 0){//标记mFlag.push_back(make_pair(i, j));}}}}}}//将标记的点删除for (vector<pair<int, int> >::iterator i = mFlag.begin(); i != mFlag.end(); ++i){src.at<uchar>(i->first, i->second) = 0;}//直到没有点满足，算法结束if (mFlag.size() == 0) break;else mFlag.clear();//将mFlag清空//对点标记for (int i = 0; i < ImgHeight; ++i){for (int j = 0; j < ImgWidth; ++j){//如果满足四个条件，进行标记// p9 p2 p3// p8 p1 p4// p7 p6 p5int p1 = src.at<uchar>(i, j);if (p1 != 1) continue;int p2 = (i == 0) ? 0 : src.at<uchar>(i - 1, j);int p3 = (i == 0 || j == ImgWidth - 1) ? 0 : src.at<uchar>(i - 1, j + 1);int p4 = (j == ImgWidth - 1) ? 0 : src.at<uchar>(i, j + 1);int p5 = (i == ImgHeight - 1 || j == ImgWidth - 1) ? 0 : src.at<uchar>(i + 1, j + 1);int p6 = (i == ImgHeight - 1) ? 0 : src.at<uchar>(i + 1, j);int p7 = (i == ImgHeight - 1 || j == 0) ? 0 : src.at<uchar>(i + 1, j - 1);int p8 = (j == 0) ? 0 : src.at<uchar>(i, j - 1);int p9 = (i == 0 || j == 0) ? 0 : src.at<uchar>(i - 1, j - 1);if ((p2 + p3 + p4 + p5 + p6 + p7 + p8 + p9) >= 2 && (p2 + p3 + p4 + p5 + p6 + p7 + p8 + p9) <= 6){int ap = 0;if (p2 == 0 && p3 == 1) ++ap;if (p3 == 0 && p4 == 1) ++ap;if (p4 == 0 && p5 == 1) ++ap;if (p5 == 0 && p6 == 1) ++ap;if (p6 == 0 && p7 == 1) ++ap;if (p7 == 0 && p8 == 1) ++ap;if (p8 == 0 && p9 == 1) ++ap;if (p9 == 0 && p2 == 1) ++ap;if (ap == 1){if (p2*p4*p8 == 0){if (p2*p6*p8 == 0){//标记mFlag.push_back(make_pair(i, j));}}}}}}//删除for (vector<pair<int, int> >::iterator i = mFlag.begin(); i != mFlag.end(); ++i){src.at<uchar>(i->first, i->second) = 0;}//直到没有点满足，算法结束if (mFlag.size() == 0) break;else mFlag.clear();//将mFlag清空}cv::threshold(src, src, 0, 255, CV_THRESH_BINARY);//二值化图像}
对图像进行测试：
int main(int argc, char*argv[]){cv::Mat src = imread("test.jpg");imshow("src",src);ImgThin(src);imshow("thin",src);system("pause");return 0;}
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