python内置函数大全

偏执的太偏执、 2022-08-09 11:57 191阅读 0赞

本篇文章将介绍一下python中的内置函数- - Build-in Function

一、**数学运算类**

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 <td>abs(x)</td> 
 <td>求绝对值<br style="margin:0px; padding:0px; max-width:100%; color:rgb(62,62,62); font-family:'Hiragino Sans GB','Microsoft YaHei',Arial,sans-serif; font-size:16px; line-height:25.6000003814697px; widows:auto; word-wrap:break-word!important"> 1、参数可以是整型，也可以是复数<br style="margin:0px; padding:0px; max-width:100%; color:rgb(62,62,62); font-family:'Hiragino Sans GB','Microsoft YaHei',Arial,sans-serif; font-size:16px; line-height:25.6000003814697px; widows:auto; word-wrap:break-word!important"> 2、若参数是复数，则返回复数的模</td> 
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 <td>complex([real[, imag]])</td> 
 <td>创建一个复数</td> 
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 <td>divmod(a, b)</td> 
 <td>分别取商和余数<br style="margin:0px; padding:0px; max-width:100%; color:rgb(62,62,62); font-family:'Hiragino Sans GB','Microsoft YaHei',Arial,sans-serif; font-size:16px; line-height:25.6000003814697px; widows:auto; word-wrap:break-word!important"> 注意：整型、浮点型都可以</td> 
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 <td>float([x])</td> 
 <td>将一个字符串或数转换为浮点数。如果无参数将返回0.0</td> 
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 <td>int([x[, base]])</td> 
 <td>将一个字符转换为int类型，base表示进制</td> 
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 <td>long([x[, base]])</td> 
 <td>将一个字符转换为long类型</td> 
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 <td>pow(x, y[, z])</td> 
 <td>返回x的y次幂</td> 
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 <td>range([start], stop[, step])</td> 
 <td>产生一个序列，默认从0开始</td> 
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 <td>round(x[, n])</td> 
 <td>四舍五入</td> 
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 <td>sum(iterable[, start])</td> 
 <td>对集合求和</td> 
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 <td>oct(x)</td> 
 <td>将一个数字转化为8进制</td> 
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 <td>hex(x)</td> 
 <td>将整数x转换为16进制字符串</td> 
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 <td>chr(i)</td> 
 <td>返回整数i对应的ASCII字符</td> 
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 <td>bin(x)</td> 
 <td>将整数x转换为二进制字符串</td> 
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 <td>bool([x])</td> 
 <td>将x转换为Boolean类型</td> 
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二、集合类操作

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 <td>basestring()</td> 
 <td>str和unicode的超类<br style="margin:0px; padding:0px; max-width:100%; color:rgb(62,62,62); font-family:'Hiragino Sans GB','Microsoft YaHei',Arial,sans-serif; font-size:16px; line-height:25.6000003814697px; widows:auto; word-wrap:break-word!important"> 不能直接调用，可以用作isinstance判断</td> 
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 <td>format(value [, format_spec])</td> 
 <td>格式化输出字符串<br style="margin:0px; padding:0px; max-width:100%; color:rgb(62,62,62); font-family:'Hiragino Sans GB','Microsoft YaHei',Arial,sans-serif; font-size:16px; line-height:25.6000003814697px; widows:auto; word-wrap:break-word!important"> 格式化的参数顺序从0开始，如“I am {0},I like {1}”</td> 
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 <td>unichr(i)</td> 
 <td>返回给定int类型的unicode</td> 
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 <td>enumerate(sequence [, start = 0])</td> 
 <td>返回一个可枚举的对象,该对象的next()方法将返回一个tuple</td> 
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 <td>iter(o[, sentinel])</td> 
 <td>生成一个对象的迭代器，第二个参数表示分隔符</td> 
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 <td>max(iterable[, args...][key])</td> 
 <td>返回集合中的最大值</td> 
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 <td>min(iterable[, args...][key])</td> 
 <td>返回集合中的最小值</td> 
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 <td>dict([arg])</td> 
 <td>创建数据字典</td> 
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 <td>list([iterable])</td> 
 <td>将一个集合类转换为另外一个集合类</td> 
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 <td>set()</td> 
 <td>set对象实例化</td> 
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 <td>frozenset([iterable])</td> 
 <td>产生一个不可变的set</td> 
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 <td>str([object])</td> 
 <td>转换为string类型</td> 
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 <td>sorted(iterable[, cmp[, key[, reverse]]])</td> 
 <td>队集合排序</td> 
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 <td>tuple([iterable])</td> 
 <td>生成一个tuple类型</td> 
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 <td>xrange([start], stop[, step])</td> 
 <td>xrange()函数与range()类似，但xrnage()并不创建列表，而是返回一个xrange对象，它的行为与列表相似，但是只在需要时才计算列表值，当列表很大时，这个特性能为我们节省内存</td> 
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三、逻辑判断

四、反射

<table style="margin:1em 0px 10px; padding:0px; border-collapse:collapse; width:670px; max-width:100%; color:rgb(62,62,62); font-family:'Hiragino Sans GB','Microsoft YaHei',Arial,sans-serif; font-size:16px; line-height:25.6000003814697px; widows:auto; word-wrap:break-word!important"> 
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 <tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px; max-width:100%; word-wrap:break-word!important; height:40.5pt"> 
 <td style="margin:0px; padding:5px 10px; word-wrap:break-word!important; word-break:break-all; border-width:1px; border-style:none solid solid; border-color:rgb(221,221,221); max-width:100%; height:94px; width:300px"> callable(object)</td> 
 <td style="margin:0px; padding:5px 10px; word-wrap:break-word!important; word-break:break-all; border-top-width:1px; border-right-width:1px; border-bottom-width:1px; border-style:solid solid solid none; border-top-color:rgb(221,221,221); border-right-color:rgb(221,221,221); border-bottom-color:rgb(221,221,221); max-width:100%; width:484pt"> 检查对象object是否可调用 1、类是可以被调用的 2、实例是不可以被调用的，除非类中声明了__call__方法</td> 
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 <tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px; max-width:100%; word-wrap:break-word!important; height:57.75pt"> 
 <td style="margin:0px; padding:5px 10px; word-wrap:break-word!important; word-break:break-all; border-width:1px; border-style:none solid solid; border-color:rgb(221,221,221); max-width:100%; height:94px; width:300px"> classmethod()</td> 
 <td style="margin:0px; padding:5px 10px; word-wrap:break-word!important; word-break:break-all; border-right-width:1px; border-bottom-width:1px; border-style:none solid solid none; border-right-color:rgb(221,221,221); border-bottom-color:rgb(221,221,221); max-width:100%; width:484pt"> 1、注解，用来说明这个方式是个类方法 2、类方法即可被类调用，也可以被实例调用 3、类方法类似于Java中的static方法 4、类方法中不需要有self参数</td> 
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 <tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px; max-width:100%; word-wrap:break-word!important; height:70.5pt"> 
 <td style="margin:0px; padding:5px 10px; word-wrap:break-word!important; word-break:break-all; border-width:1px; border-style:none solid solid; border-color:rgb(221,221,221); max-width:100%; height:94px; width:300px"> compile(source, filename, mode[, flags[, dont_inherit]])</td> 
 <td style="margin:0px; padding:5px 10px; word-wrap:break-word!important; word-break:break-all; border-right-width:1px; border-bottom-width:1px; border-style:none solid solid none; border-right-color:rgb(221,221,221); border-bottom-color:rgb(221,221,221); max-width:100%; width:484pt"> 将source编译为代码或者AST对象。代码对象能够通过exec语句来执行或者eval()进行求值。 1、参数source：字符串或者AST（Abstract Syntax Trees）对象。 2、参数 filename：代码文件名称，如果不是从文件读取代码则传递一些可辨认的值。 3、参数model：指定编译代码的种类。可以指定为 ‘exec’,’eval’,’single’。 4、参数flag和dont_inherit：这两个参数暂不介绍</td> 
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 <tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px; max-width:100%; word-wrap:break-word!important; height:54pt"> 
 <td style="margin:0px; padding:5px 10px; word-wrap:break-word!important; word-break:break-all; border-width:1px; border-style:none solid solid; border-color:rgb(221,221,221); max-width:100%; height:94px; width:300px"> dir([object])</td> 
 <td style="margin:0px; padding:5px 10px; word-wrap:break-word!important; word-break:break-all; border-right-width:1px; border-bottom-width:1px; border-style:none solid solid none; border-right-color:rgb(221,221,221); border-bottom-color:rgb(221,221,221); max-width:100%; width:484pt"> 1、不带参数时，返回当前范围内的变量、方法和定义的类型列表； 2、带参数时，返回参数的属性、方法列表。 3、如果参数包含方法__dir__()，该方法将被调用。当参数为实例时。 4、如果参数不包含__dir__()，该方法将最大限度地收集参数信息</td> 
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 <tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px; max-width:100%; word-wrap:break-word!important; height:13.5pt"> 
 <td style="margin:0px; padding:5px 10px; word-wrap:break-word!important; word-break:break-all; border-width:1px; border-style:none solid solid; border-color:rgb(221,221,221); max-width:100%; height:94px; width:300px"> delattr(object, name)</td> 
 <td style="margin:0px; padding:5px 10px; word-wrap:break-word!important; word-break:break-all; border-right-width:1px; border-bottom-width:1px; border-style:none solid solid none; border-right-color:rgb(221,221,221); border-bottom-color:rgb(221,221,221); max-width:100%; width:484pt"> 删除object对象名为name的属性</td> 
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 <tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px; max-width:100%; word-wrap:break-word!important; height:13.5pt"> 
 <td style="margin:0px; padding:5px 10px; word-wrap:break-word!important; word-break:break-all; border-width:1px; border-style:none solid solid; border-color:rgb(221,221,221); max-width:100%; height:94px; width:300px"> eval(expression [, globals [, locals]])</td> 
 <td style="margin:0px; padding:5px 10px; word-wrap:break-word!important; word-break:break-all; border-right-width:1px; border-bottom-width:1px; border-style:none solid solid none; border-right-color:rgb(221,221,221); border-bottom-color:rgb(221,221,221); max-width:100%; width:484pt"> 计算表达式expression的值</td> 
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 <td style="margin:0px; padding:5px 10px; word-wrap:break-word!important; word-break:break-all; border-width:1px; border-style:none solid solid; border-color:rgb(221,221,221); max-width:100%; height:94px; width:300px"> execfile(filename [, globals [, locals]])</td> 
 <td style="margin:0px; padding:5px 10px; word-wrap:break-word!important; word-break:break-all; border-right-width:1px; border-bottom-width:1px; border-style:none solid solid none; border-right-color:rgb(221,221,221); border-bottom-color:rgb(221,221,221); max-width:100%; width:484pt"> 用法类似exec()，不同的是execfile的参数filename为文件名，而exec的参数为字符串。</td> 
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 <tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px; max-width:100%; word-wrap:break-word!important; height:40.5pt"> 
 <td style="margin:0px; padding:5px 10px; word-wrap:break-word!important; word-break:break-all; border-width:1px; border-style:none solid solid; border-color:rgb(221,221,221); max-width:100%; height:94px; width:300px"> filter(function, iterable)</td> 
 <td style="margin:0px; padding:5px 10px; word-wrap:break-word!important; word-break:break-all; border-right-width:1px; border-bottom-width:1px; border-style:none solid solid none; border-right-color:rgb(221,221,221); border-bottom-color:rgb(221,221,221); max-width:100%; width:484pt"> 构造一个序列，等价于[ item for item in iterable if function(item)] 1、参数function：返回值为True或False的函数，可以为None 2、参数iterable：序列或可迭代对象</td> 
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 <tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px; max-width:100%; word-wrap:break-word!important; height:13.5pt"> 
 <td style="margin:0px; padding:5px 10px; word-wrap:break-word!important; word-break:break-all; border-width:1px; border-style:none solid solid; border-color:rgb(221,221,221); max-width:100%; height:94px; width:300px"> getattr(object, name [, defalut])</td> 
 <td style="margin:0px; padding:5px 10px; word-wrap:break-word!important; word-break:break-all; border-right-width:1px; border-bottom-width:1px; border-style:none solid solid none; border-right-color:rgb(221,221,221); border-bottom-color:rgb(221,221,221); max-width:100%; width:484pt"> 获取一个类的属性</td> 
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 <tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px; max-width:100%; word-wrap:break-word!important; height:13.5pt"> 
 <td style="margin:0px; padding:5px 10px; word-wrap:break-word!important; word-break:break-all; border-width:1px; border-style:none solid solid; border-color:rgb(221,221,221); max-width:100%; height:94px; width:300px"> globals()</td> 
 <td style="margin:0px; padding:5px 10px; word-wrap:break-word!important; word-break:break-all; border-right-width:1px; border-bottom-width:1px; border-style:none solid solid none; border-right-color:rgb(221,221,221); border-bottom-color:rgb(221,221,221); max-width:100%; width:484pt"> 返回一个描述当前全局符号表的字典</td> 
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 <tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px; max-width:100%; word-wrap:break-word!important; height:13.5pt"> 
 <td style="margin:0px; padding:5px 10px; word-wrap:break-word!important; word-break:break-all; border-width:1px; border-style:none solid solid; border-color:rgb(221,221,221); max-width:100%; height:94px; width:300px"> hasattr(object, name)</td> 
 <td style="margin:0px; padding:5px 10px; word-wrap:break-word!important; word-break:break-all; border-right-width:1px; border-bottom-width:1px; border-style:none solid solid none; border-right-color:rgb(221,221,221); border-bottom-color:rgb(221,221,221); max-width:100%; width:484pt"> 判断对象object是否包含名为name的特性</td> 
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 <tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px; max-width:100%; word-wrap:break-word!important; height:13.5pt"> 
 <td style="margin:0px; padding:5px 10px; word-wrap:break-word!important; word-break:break-all; border-width:1px; border-style:none solid solid; border-color:rgb(221,221,221); max-width:100%; height:94px; width:300px"> hash(object)</td> 
 <td style="margin:0px; padding:5px 10px; word-wrap:break-word!important; word-break:break-all; border-right-width:1px; border-bottom-width:1px; border-style:none solid solid none; border-right-color:rgb(221,221,221); border-bottom-color:rgb(221,221,221); max-width:100%; width:484pt"> 如果对象object为哈希表类型，返回对象object的哈希值</td> 
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 <tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px; max-width:100%; word-wrap:break-word!important; height:13.5pt"> 
 <td style="margin:0px; padding:5px 10px; word-wrap:break-word!important; word-break:break-all; border-width:1px; border-style:none solid solid; border-color:rgb(221,221,221); max-width:100%; height:94px; width:300px"> id(object)</td> 
 <td style="margin:0px; padding:5px 10px; word-wrap:break-word!important; word-break:break-all; border-right-width:1px; border-bottom-width:1px; border-style:none solid solid none; border-right-color:rgb(221,221,221); border-bottom-color:rgb(221,221,221); max-width:100%; width:484pt"> 返回对象的唯一标识</td> 
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 <td style="margin:0px; padding:5px 10px; word-wrap:break-word!important; word-break:break-all; border-width:1px; border-style:none solid solid; border-color:rgb(221,221,221); max-width:100%; height:94px; width:300px"> isinstance(object, classinfo)</td> 
 <td style="margin:0px; padding:5px 10px; word-wrap:break-word!important; word-break:break-all; border-right-width:1px; border-bottom-width:1px; border-style:none solid solid none; border-right-color:rgb(221,221,221); border-bottom-color:rgb(221,221,221); max-width:100%; width:484pt"> 判断object是否是class的实例</td> 
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 <tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px; max-width:100%; word-wrap:break-word!important; height:13.5pt"> 
 <td style="margin:0px; padding:5px 10px; word-wrap:break-word!important; word-break:break-all; border-width:1px; border-style:none solid solid; border-color:rgb(221,221,221); max-width:100%; height:94px; width:300px"> issubclass(class, classinfo)</td> 
 <td style="margin:0px; padding:5px 10px; word-wrap:break-word!important; word-break:break-all; border-right-width:1px; border-bottom-width:1px; border-style:none solid solid none; border-right-color:rgb(221,221,221); border-bottom-color:rgb(221,221,221); max-width:100%; width:484pt"> 判断是否是子类</td> 
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 <td style="margin:0px; padding:5px 10px; word-wrap:break-word!important; word-break:break-all; border-width:1px; border-style:none solid solid; border-color:rgb(221,221,221); max-width:100%; height:94px; width:300px"> len(s)</td> 
 <td style="margin:0px; padding:5px 10px; word-wrap:break-word!important; word-break:break-all; border-right-width:1px; border-bottom-width:1px; border-style:none solid solid none; border-right-color:rgb(221,221,221); border-bottom-color:rgb(221,221,221); max-width:100%; width:484pt"> 返回集合长度</td> 
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 <td style="margin:0px; padding:5px 10px; word-wrap:break-word!important; word-break:break-all; border-width:1px; border-style:none solid solid; border-color:rgb(221,221,221); max-width:100%; height:94px; width:300px"> locals()</td> 
 <td style="margin:0px; padding:5px 10px; word-wrap:break-word!important; word-break:break-all; border-right-width:1px; border-bottom-width:1px; border-style:none solid solid none; border-right-color:rgb(221,221,221); border-bottom-color:rgb(221,221,221); max-width:100%; width:484pt"> 返回当前的变量列表</td> 
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 <td style="margin:0px; padding:5px 10px; word-wrap:break-word!important; word-break:break-all; border-width:1px; border-style:none solid solid; border-color:rgb(221,221,221); max-width:100%; height:94px; width:300px"> map(function, iterable, ...)</td> 
 <td style="margin:0px; padding:5px 10px; word-wrap:break-word!important; word-break:break-all; border-right-width:1px; border-bottom-width:1px; border-style:none solid solid none; border-right-color:rgb(221,221,221); border-bottom-color:rgb(221,221,221); max-width:100%; width:484pt"> 遍历每个元素，执行function操作</td> 
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 <td style="margin:0px; padding:5px 10px; word-wrap:break-word!important; word-break:break-all; border-width:1px; border-style:none solid solid; border-color:rgb(221,221,221); max-width:100%; height:94px; width:300px"> memoryview(obj)</td> 
 <td style="margin:0px; padding:5px 10px; word-wrap:break-word!important; word-break:break-all; border-right-width:1px; border-bottom-width:1px; border-style:none solid solid none; border-right-color:rgb(221,221,221); border-bottom-color:rgb(221,221,221); max-width:100%; width:484pt"> 返回一个内存镜像类型的对象</td> 
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 <td style="margin:0px; padding:5px 10px; word-wrap:break-word!important; word-break:break-all; border-width:1px; border-style:none solid solid; border-color:rgb(221,221,221); max-width:100%; height:94px; width:300px"> next(iterator[, default])</td> 
 <td style="margin:0px; padding:5px 10px; word-wrap:break-word!important; word-break:break-all; border-right-width:1px; border-bottom-width:1px; border-style:none solid solid none; border-right-color:rgb(221,221,221); border-bottom-color:rgb(221,221,221); max-width:100%; width:484pt"> 类似于iterator.next()</td> 
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 <td style="margin:0px; padding:5px 10px; word-wrap:break-word!important; word-break:break-all; border-width:1px; border-style:none solid solid; border-color:rgb(221,221,221); max-width:100%; height:94px; width:300px"> object()</td> 
 <td style="margin:0px; padding:5px 10px; word-wrap:break-word!important; word-break:break-all; border-right-width:1px; border-bottom-width:1px; border-style:none solid solid none; border-right-color:rgb(221,221,221); border-bottom-color:rgb(221,221,221); max-width:100%; width:484pt"> 基类</td> 
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 <td style="margin:0px; padding:5px 10px; word-wrap:break-word!important; word-break:break-all; border-width:1px; border-style:none solid solid; border-color:rgb(221,221,221); max-width:100%; height:94px; width:300px"> property([fget[, fset[, fdel[, doc]]]])</td> 
 <td style="margin:0px; padding:5px 10px; word-wrap:break-word!important; word-break:break-all; border-right-width:1px; border-bottom-width:1px; border-style:none solid solid none; border-right-color:rgb(221,221,221); border-bottom-color:rgb(221,221,221); max-width:100%; width:484pt"> 属性访问的包装类，设置后可以通过c.x=value等来访问setter和getter</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px; max-width:100%; word-wrap:break-word!important; height:18pt"> 
 <td style="margin:0px; padding:5px 10px; word-wrap:break-word!important; word-break:break-all; border-width:1px; border-style:none solid solid; border-color:rgb(221,221,221); max-width:100%; height:94px; width:300px"> reduce(function, iterable[, initializer])</td> 
 <td style="margin:0px; padding:5px 10px; word-wrap:break-word!important; word-break:break-all; border-right-width:1px; border-bottom-width:1px; border-style:none solid solid none; border-right-color:rgb(221,221,221); border-bottom-color:rgb(221,221,221); max-width:100%; width:484pt"> 合并操作，从第一个开始是前两个参数，然后是前两个的结果与第三个合并进行处理，以此类推</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px; max-width:100%; word-wrap:break-word!important; height:13.5pt"> 
 <td style="margin:0px; padding:5px 10px; word-wrap:break-word!important; word-break:break-all; border-width:1px; border-style:none solid solid; border-color:rgb(221,221,221); max-width:100%; height:94px; width:300px"> reload(module)</td> 
 <td style="margin:0px; padding:5px 10px; word-wrap:break-word!important; word-break:break-all; border-right-width:1px; border-bottom-width:1px; border-style:none solid solid none; border-right-color:rgb(221,221,221); border-bottom-color:rgb(221,221,221); max-width:100%; width:484pt"> 重新加载模块</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px; max-width:100%; word-wrap:break-word!important; height:13.5pt"> 
 <td style="margin:0px; padding:5px 10px; word-wrap:break-word!important; word-break:break-all; border-width:1px; border-style:none solid solid; border-color:rgb(221,221,221); max-width:100%; height:94px; width:300px"> setattr(object, name, value)</td> 
 <td style="margin:0px; padding:5px 10px; word-wrap:break-word!important; word-break:break-all; border-right-width:1px; border-bottom-width:1px; border-style:none solid solid none; border-right-color:rgb(221,221,221); border-bottom-color:rgb(221,221,221); max-width:100%; width:484pt"> 设置属性值</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px; max-width:100%; word-wrap:break-word!important; height:13.5pt"> 
 <td style="margin:0px; padding:5px 10px; word-wrap:break-word!important; word-break:break-all; border-width:1px; border-style:none solid solid; border-color:rgb(221,221,221); max-width:100%; height:94px; width:300px"> repr(object)</td> 
 <td style="margin:0px; padding:5px 10px; word-wrap:break-word!important; word-break:break-all; border-right-width:1px; border-bottom-width:1px; border-style:none solid solid none; border-right-color:rgb(221,221,221); border-bottom-color:rgb(221,221,221); max-width:100%; width:484pt"> 将一个对象变幻为可打印的格式</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px; max-width:100%; word-wrap:break-word!important; height:13.5pt"> 
 <td style="margin:0px; padding:5px 10px; word-wrap:break-word!important; word-break:break-all; border-width:1px; border-style:none solid solid; border-color:rgb(221,221,221); max-width:100%; height:94px; width:300px"> slice（）</td> 
 <td style="margin:0px; padding:5px 10px; word-wrap:break-word!important; word-break:break-all; border-right-width:1px; border-bottom-width:1px; border-style:none solid solid none; border-right-color:rgb(221,221,221); border-bottom-color:rgb(221,221,221); max-width:100%; width:484pt"> &nbsp;</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px; max-width:100%; word-wrap:break-word!important; height:13.5pt"> 
 <td style="margin:0px; padding:5px 10px; word-wrap:break-word!important; word-break:break-all; border-width:1px; border-style:none solid solid; border-color:rgb(221,221,221); max-width:100%; height:94px; width:300px"> staticmethod</td> 
 <td style="margin:0px; padding:5px 10px; word-wrap:break-word!important; word-break:break-all; border-right-width:1px; border-bottom-width:1px; border-style:none solid solid none; border-right-color:rgb(221,221,221); border-bottom-color:rgb(221,221,221); max-width:100%; width:484pt"> 声明静态方法，是个注解</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px; max-width:100%; word-wrap:break-word!important; height:13.5pt"> 
 <td style="margin:0px; padding:5px 10px; word-wrap:break-word!important; word-break:break-all; border-width:1px; border-style:none solid solid; border-color:rgb(221,221,221); max-width:100%; height:94px; width:300px"> super(type[, object-or-type])</td> 
 <td style="margin:0px; padding:5px 10px; word-wrap:break-word!important; word-break:break-all; border-right-width:1px; border-bottom-width:1px; border-style:none solid solid none; border-right-color:rgb(221,221,221); border-bottom-color:rgb(221,221,221); max-width:100%; width:484pt"> 引用父类</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px; max-width:100%; word-wrap:break-word!important; height:13.5pt"> 
 <td style="margin:0px; padding:5px 10px; word-wrap:break-word!important; word-break:break-all; border-width:1px; border-style:none solid solid; border-color:rgb(221,221,221); max-width:100%; height:94px; width:300px"> type(object)</td> 
 <td style="margin:0px; padding:5px 10px; word-wrap:break-word!important; word-break:break-all; border-right-width:1px; border-bottom-width:1px; border-style:none solid solid none; border-right-color:rgb(221,221,221); border-bottom-color:rgb(221,221,221); max-width:100%; width:484pt"> 返回该object的类型</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px; max-width:100%; word-wrap:break-word!important; height:13.5pt"> 
 <td style="margin:0px; padding:5px 10px; word-wrap:break-word!important; word-break:break-all; border-width:1px; border-style:none solid solid; border-color:rgb(221,221,221); max-width:100%; height:94px; width:300px"> vars([object])</td> 
 <td style="margin:0px; padding:5px 10px; word-wrap:break-word!important; word-break:break-all; border-right-width:1px; border-bottom-width:1px; border-style:none solid solid none; border-right-color:rgb(221,221,221); border-bottom-color:rgb(221,221,221); max-width:100%; width:484pt"> 返回对象的变量，若无参数与dict()方法类似</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px; max-width:100%; word-wrap:break-word!important; height:67.5pt"> 
 <td style="margin:0px; padding:5px 10px; word-wrap:break-word!important; word-break:break-all; border-width:1px; border-style:none solid solid; border-color:rgb(221,221,221); max-width:100%; height:94px; width:300px"> bytearray([source [, encoding [, errors]]])</td> 
 <td style="margin:0px; padding:5px 10px; word-wrap:break-word!important; word-break:break-all; border-right-width:1px; border-bottom-width:1px; border-style:none solid solid none; border-right-color:rgb(221,221,221); border-bottom-color:rgb(221,221,221); max-width:100%; width:484pt"> 返回一个byte数组 1、如果source为整数，则返回一个长度为source的初始化数组； 2、如果source为字符串，则按照指定的encoding将字符串转换为字节序列； 3、如果source为可迭代类型，则元素必须为[0 ,255]中的整数； 4、如果source为与buffer接口一致的对象，则此对象也可以被用于初始化bytearray.</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px; max-width:100%; word-wrap:break-word!important; height:13.5pt"> 
 <td style="margin:0px; padding:5px 10px; word-wrap:break-word!important; word-break:break-all; border-width:1px; border-style:none solid solid; border-color:rgb(221,221,221); max-width:100%; height:94px; width:300px"> zip([iterable, ...])</td> 
 <td style="margin:0px; padding:5px 10px; word-wrap:break-word!important; word-break:break-all; border-right-width:1px; border-bottom-width:1px; border-style:none solid solid none; border-right-color:rgb(221,221,221); border-bottom-color:rgb(221,221,221); max-width:100%; width:484pt"> 实在是没有看懂，只是看到了矩阵的变幻方面</td> 
 </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

五、IO操作

六、其他

help()--帮助信息

\_\_import\_\_()--没太看明白了，看到了那句“Direct use of \_\_import\_\_() is rare”之后就没心看下去了

apply()、buffer()、coerce()、intern()---这些是过期的内置函数，故不说明

七、后记

内置函数，一般都是因为使用频率比较频繁或是是元操作，所以通过内置函数的形式提供出来，通过对python的内置函数分类分析可以看出来：基本的数据操作基本都是一些数学运算（当然除了加减乘除）、逻辑操作、集合操作、基本IO操作，然后就是对于语言自身的反射操作，还有就是字符串操作，也是比较常用的，尤其需要注意的是反射操作。