HLS系统快速部署指南

你的名字 2022-08-05 07:24 65阅读 0赞

作者：阿宝  
版本：1.0.0  
日期：2015-06-10

## 介绍 ##

在开源环境下，实现HLS直播系统，较为常见的有两种方式，nginx+nginx-rtmp-module 或 SRS，这里采用前者，同时配合ffmpeg来实现。  
本文是在 *武爱敏博客* 的基础上补充完善而成，在此一并表示感谢。[goto][]

## 环境 ##

系统：CentOS 6.6 x64  
软件：  
yasm-1.3.0  
x264-201506  
lame-3.99.5  
libogg-1.3.2  
libvorbis-1.3.5  
libvpx-201506  
faad2-2.7  
faac-1.28  
xvidcore-1.3.2  
ffmpeg-201506  
nginx-1.8.0  
nginx-rtmp-module-1.1.7  
openssl-0.9.8zf

## 简易编译安装 ##

为了简化安装的流程，此处提供一个一键安装包 [goto][goto 1]，**访问密码 00a8**  
包含：  
所有需要安装的软件包（faac的bug已经修复）  
一键安装脚本（shell）  
测试用配置文件（nginx.conf）

su -
    unzip HLSEasyInstall.zip
    cd HLSEasyInstall
    chmod *.sh
    ./install.sh

## 编译安装 ##

### 安装依赖包 ###

yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-devel make nasm pkgconfig lib-devel openssl-devel expat-devel gettext-devel libtool mhash.x86_64 perl-Digest-SHA1.x86_64 git

注：lib-devel 可能找不到，并不影响安装，忽略。

### 安装FFmpeg及其依赖包 ###

**添加 /usr/local/lib 到系统库目录**

cat /etc/ld.so.conf
    echo "/usr/local/lib" >> /etc/ld.so.conf
    cat /etc/ld.so.conf
    ldconfig

**Yasm （Linux 下 NASM 汇编器，支持 x86 和 AMD64）**

wget -c http://www.tortall.net/projects/yasm/releases/yasm-1.3.0.tar.gz -O yasm-1.3.0.tar.gz
    tar zxvf yasm-1.3.0.tar.gz
    cd yasm-1.3.0
    ./configure
    make
    make install

**x264 （H264 编码器）**

git clone git://git.videolan.org/x264
    #tar xcvf x264.tar.gz x264
    tar zxvf x264.tar.gz
    cd x264
    ./configure --enable-shared 
    make
    make install

**LAME （MP3 编码器）**

wget -c http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/lame/lame/3.99/lame-3.99.5.tar.gz
    tar zxvf lame-3.99.5.tar.gz
    cd lame-3.99.5
    ./configure --enable-nasm
    make
    make install

**liboog （Ogg 解码器）**

wget -c http://downloads.xiph.org/releases/ogg/libogg-1.3.2.tar.gz
    tar zxvf libogg-1.3.2.tar.gz
    cd libogg-1.3.2
    ./configure
    make
    make install

**libvorbis （音频编码解码库）**

wget -c http://downloads.xiph.org/releases/vorbis/libvorbis-1.3.5.tar.gz
    tar zxvf libvorbis-1.3.5.tar.gz
    cd libvorbis-1.3.5
    ./configure
    make
    make install

**libvpx （VP8/VP9 编码解码器）**

git clone http://git.chromium.org/webm/libvpx.git
    #tar xcvf libvpx.tar.gz libvpx
    #tar zxvf libvpx.tar.gz
    cd libvpx
    ./configure  --enable-shared
    make
    make install

**FAAD2 （AAC 解码器）**

wget -c http://downloads.sourceforge.net/faac/faad2-2.7.tar.gz
    tar zxvf faad2-2.7.tar.gz
    cd faad2-2.7
    ./configure
    make
    make install

**FAAC （AAC 编码器）**

wget -c http://downloads.sourceforge.net/faac/faac-1.28.tar.gz
    tar zxvf faac-1.28-bugfix.tar.gz
    cd faac-1.28
    ./configure
    make
    make install

【错误处理】
    编译FAAC-1.28时遇到错误：
    mpeg4ip.h:126: error: new declaration ‘char* strcasestr(const char*, const char*)’
    
    解决方法：
    从123行开始修改此文件 *./common/mp4v2/mpeg4ip.h*，到129行结束。
    修改前：
    #ifdef __cplusplus
    extern "C" {
    #endif
    char *strcasestr(const char *haystack, const char *needle);
    #ifdef __cplusplus
    }
    #endif
    
    修改后：
    #ifdef __cplusplus
    extern "C++" {
    #endif
    const char *strcasestr(const char *haystack, const char *needle);
    #ifdef __cplusplus
    }
    #endif

**Xvid （MPEG-4 视频编码解码器）**

wget -c http://downloads.xvid.org/downloads/xvidcore-1.3.2.tar.gz
    tar zxvf xvidcore-1.3.2.tar.gz
    cd xvidcore/build/generic
    ./configure
    make
    make install

**FFmpeg （多功能音视频库）**

git clone git://source.ffmpeg.org/ffmpeg
    cd ffmpeg
    ./configure  --prefix=/opt/ffmpeg/ --enable-version3  --enable-libvpx --enable-libfaac --enable-libmp3lame  --enable-libvorbis --enable-libx264 --enable-libxvid --enable-shared --enable-gpl --enable-postproc --enable-nonfree  --enable-avfilter --enable-pthreads
    make
    make install

**添加 /opt/ffmpeg/lib 到系统库目录**

cat /etc/ld.so.conf
    echo "/opt/ffmpeg/lib" >> /etc/ld.so.conf
    cat /etc/ld.so.conf
    ldconfig

**验证 FFmpeg**

/opt/ffmpeg/bin/ffmpeg

**Nginx + nginx-rtmp-module （Web 服务器，RTMP服务器）**

yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ make openssl-devel pcre pcre-devel
    wget -c http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.8.0.tar.gz
    tar xzvf nginx-1.8.0.tar.gz
    wget -c https://github.com/arut/nginx-rtmp-module/archive/v1.1.7.tar.gz -O nginx-rtmp-module-1.1.7.tar.gz
    tar xzvf nginx-rtmp-module-1.1.7.tar.gz
    cd nginx-1.8.0
    ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_ssl_module --add-module=/opt/nginx-rtmp-module-1.1.7
    make
    make install

**验证 Nginx**

# run nginx
    /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

# web server
    wget http://localhost

**更换 nginx.conf**

#user  nobody;
    worker_processes  1;
    
    #pid        logs/nginx.pid;
    
    events {
        worker_connections  1024;
    }
    
    rtmp {
    
        server {
    
            listen 1935;
    
            chunk_size 4000;
    
            application live {
                live on;
            }
    
            # TV mode: one publisher, many subscribers
            application mytv {
    
                # enable live streaming
                live on;
    
                # record first 1K of stream
                record all;
                record_path /tmp/av;
                record_max_size 1K;
    
                # append current timestamp to each flv
                record_unique on;
    
                # publish only from localhost
                allow publish 127.0.0.1;
                deny publish all;
    
                #allow play all;
            }
    
            # Transcoding (ffmpeg needed)
            application big {
                live on;
    
                # On every pusblished stream run this command (ffmpeg)
                # with substitutions: $app/${app}, $name/${name} for application & stream name.
                #
                # This ffmpeg call receives stream from this application &
                # reduces the resolution down to 32x32. The stream is the published to
                # 'small' application (see below) under the same name.
                #
                # ffmpeg can do anything with the stream like video/audio
                # transcoding, resizing, altering container/codec params etc
                #
                # Multiple exec lines can be specified.
    
                exec /opt/ffmpeg/bin/ffmpeg -re -i rtmp://localhost:1935/$app/$name -vcodec flv -acodec copy -s 160x120
                            -f flv rtmp://localhost:1935/small/${name};
            }
    
            application small {
                live on;
                # Video with reduced resolution comes here from ffmpeg
            }
    
            application webcam {
                live on;
    
                # Stream from local webcam
                exec_static /opt/ffmpeg/bin/ffmpeg -f video4linux2 -i /dev/video0 -c:v libx264 -an
                                   -f flv rtmp://localhost:1935/webcam/mystream;
            }
    
            application mypush {
                live on;
    
                # Every stream published here
                # is automatically pushed to
                # these two machines
                ##push rtmp1.example.com;
                ##push rtmp2.example.com:1934;
            }
    
            application mypull {
                live on;
    
                # Pull all streams from remote machine
                # and play locally
                ##pull rtmp://rtmp3.example.com pageUrl=www.example.com/index.html;
            }
    
            application mystaticpull {
                live on;
    
                # Static pull is started at nginx start
                ##pull rtmp://rtmp4.example.com pageUrl=www.example.com/index.html name=mystream static;
            }
    
            # video on demand
            application vod {
                play /var/flvs;
            }
    
            application vod2 {
                play /var/mp4s;
            }
    
            # Many publishers, many subscribers
            # no checks, no recording
            application videochat {
    
                live on;
    
                # The following notifications receive all
                # the session variables as well as
                # particular call arguments in HTTP POST
                # request
    
                # Make HTTP request & use HTTP retcode
                # to decide whether to allow publishing
                # from this connection or not
                on_publish http://localhost:8080/publish;
    
                # Same with playing
                on_play http://localhost:8080/play;
    
                # Publish/play end (repeats on disconnect)
                on_done http://localhost:8080/done;
    
                # All above mentioned notifications receive
                # standard connect() arguments as well as
                # play/publish ones. If any arguments are sent
                # with GET-style syntax to play & publish
                # these are also included.
                # Example URL:
                #   rtmp://localhost/myapp/mystream?a=b&c=d
    
                # record 10 video keyframes (no audio) every 2 minutes
                record keyframes;
                record_path /tmp/vc;
                record_max_frames 10;
                record_interval 2m;
    
                # Async notify about an flv recorded
                on_record_done http://localhost:8080/record_done;
    
            }
    
    
            # HLS
    
            # For HLS to work please create a directory in tmpfs (/tmp/hls here)
            # for the fragments. The directory contents is served via HTTP (see
            # http{} section in config)
            #
            # Incoming stream must be in H264/AAC. For iPhones use baseline H264
            # profile (see ffmpeg example).
            # This example creates RTMP stream from movie ready for HLS:
            #
            # ffmpeg -loglevel verbose -re -i movie.avi  -vcodec libx264
            #    -vprofile baseline -acodec libmp3lame -ar 44100 -ac 1
            #    -f flv rtmp://localhost:1935/hls/movie
            #
            # If you need to transcode live stream use 'exec' feature.
            #
            application hls {
                live on;
                hls on;
                hls_path /tmp/hls;
                hls_fragment 2s;
                hls_playlist_length 6s;
            }
    
            # MPEG-DASH is similar to HLS
            application dash {
                live on;
                dash on;
                dash_path /tmp/dash;
            }
        }
    }
    
    # HTTP can be used for accessing RTMP stats
    http {
    
        server {
    
            listen      80;
    
            # This URL provides RTMP statistics in XML
            location /stat {
                rtmp_stat all;
    
                # Use this stylesheet to view XML as web page
                # in browser
                rtmp_stat_stylesheet stat.xsl;
            }
    
            location /stat.xsl {
                # XML stylesheet to view RTMP stats.
                # Copy stat.xsl wherever you want
                # and put the full directory path here
                root /path/to/stat.xsl/;
            }
    
            location /hls {
                # Serve HLS fragments
                types {
                    application/vnd.apple.mpegurl m3u8;
                    video/mp2t ts;
                }
                root /tmp;
                add_header Cache-Control no-cache;
            }
    
            location /dash {
                # Serve DASH fragments
                root /tmp;
                add_header Cache-Control no-cache;
            }
        }
    }

**验证 RTMP**   
使用标准推流工具 FMLE，推送RTMP流到URL

rtmp://x.x.x.x:1935/live/stream

使用 FastPlay 播放RTMP流 [goto][goto 2]

Server:rtmp://x.x.x.x:1935/live
    Stream:stream

**验证 HLS**  
使用标准推流工具 FMLE，推送RTMP流到URL

rtmp://x.x.x.x:1935/hls/stream

使用 VLC 播放 HLS 流 [goto][goto 3]  
打开网络串流，URL

http://120.26.109.136/hls/stream.m3u8

**验证 FFmpeg**  
推送流 rtmp://x.x.x.x:1935/big/stream  
播放流 rtmp://x.x.x.x:1935/small/stream  
此处使用 FFmpeg 把 big 的视频流的分辨率（建议使用320\*240以上分辨率，方便查看效果）转换为 160\*120，并重新发布到 small 流  
使用标准推流工具 FMLE，推送RTMP流到URL

rtmp://x.x.x.x:1935/big/stream

使用 FastPlay 播放RTMP流 [goto][goto 2]

Server:rtmp://x.x.x.x:1935/small
    Stream:stream

**参考资料**  
使用Nginx+FFMPEG搭建HLS直播转码服务器 [goto][]  
nginx+nginx-rtmp-module+ffmpeg搭建流媒体服务器 [goto][goto 4]  
Nginx 的启动、停止、平滑重启、信号控制和平滑升级 [goto][goto 5]

**工具推荐**  
1.软件开发必备翻墙代理，低延迟(50ms)，月费10元，详询（宝哥儿QQ1066690060）请自觉遵守国家法律法规

[goto]: http://blog.csdn.net/wutong_login/article/details/42292787
[goto 1]: http://yunpan.cn/cwIyqDmqnUUc9
[goto 2]: http://download.csdn.net/detail/shishuo365/8791489
[goto 3]: http://www.videolan.org/
[goto 4]: http://blog.csdn.net/redstarofsleep/article/details/45092147
[goto 5]: http://zachary-guo.iteye.com/blog/1358312