C语言：堆结构串（动态分配内存）

素颜马尾好姑娘i 2022-08-03 08:25 187阅读 0赞

/*
    	串的堆分配结构，相关操作
    	1.串初始化
    	2.生成串
    	3.串合并
    	4.在串中插入
    	5.打印串
    */
    
    # include <stdio.h>
    # include <malloc.h>
    # include <string.h>
    
    //串结构
    typedef struct 
    {
    	char * ch;  //分配存储空间
    	int length;  //串的长度
    }HString;
    
    void inital(HString &s);   //串初始化
    void StrAssign(HString &s, char * c);   //生成串
    void concat(HString &r, HString p, HString t);   //串合并
    void insert(HString &s, int pos, char * c);   //在串中插入
    void strPrint(HString s);  //打印串
    
    int main(void)
    {
    	//定义字符数组串
    	char * c1 = "hello";
    	char * c2 = "how are you diong ?";
    	char * c3 = ", ";
    
    	//定义三个串
    	HString p, t, r;
    
    	//初始化串
    	inital(p);
    	inital(t);
    	inital(r);
    
    	//生成以字符数组为内容的串
    	StrAssign(p, c1);
    	strPrint(p);
    
    	StrAssign(t, c2);
    	strPrint(t);
    
    	//串p,t合并一个串r
    	concat(r, p, t);
    	strPrint(r);
    
    	//字符串插入
    	insert(r, p.length, c3);
    	strPrint(r);
    
    	return 0;
    }
    
    //串的初始化
    void inital(HString &s)
    {
    	s.ch = NULL;
    	s.length = 0;
    }
    
    //生成以字符数组为内容的串
    void StrAssign(HString &s, char * c)
    {
    	int i;
    
    	//求字符数组的长度
    	int len = strlen(c);
    
    	//为串分配存储空间
    	s.ch = (char *)malloc(sizeof(char) * len);
    
    	//把字符数组中的内容，复制到串中
    	for(i = 0; i < len; i++)
    	{
    		s.ch[i] = c[i]; 
    	}
    
    	s.length = len;
    }
    
    
    //打印串s
    void strPrint(HString s)
    {
    	int i;
    	for(i = 0; i < s.length; i++)
    	{
    		printf("%c", s.ch[i]);
    	}
    	printf("\n");
    }
    
    void concat(HString &r, HString p, HString t)
    {
    	int i;
    
    	//求新串的长度
    	int len = p.length + t.length;
    
    	//为新串开辟空间
    	r.ch = (char *)malloc(sizeof(char) * len);
    	r.length = len;
    
    	for(i = 0; i < p.length; i++)
    	{
    		r.ch[i] = p.ch[i];
    	}
    
    	for(i = 0; i < t.length; i++)
    	{
    		r.ch[i+p.length] = t.ch[i];
    	}
    
    }
    
    //在串s的第pos个元素后面插入串c
    void insert(HString &s, int pos, char * c)
    {
    	int i;
    
    	//求字符数组c的长度
    	int len = strlen(c);
    
    	//串s增加存储空间
    	s.ch = (char *)realloc(s.ch, sizeof(char) * (s.length + len));
    
    
    	//串s第pos+1以后的元素后移
    	for(i = s.length - 1; i >= pos; i--)
    	{
    		s.ch[i + len] = s.ch[i];
    	}
    
    	//在第pos的位置后插入c
    	for(i = 0; i < len; i++)
    	{
    		s.ch[pos + i] = c[i];
    	}
    
    	s.length = s.length + len;
    }

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