Linux下获取CPUID、硬盘序列号与MAC地址

淩亂°似流年 2022-08-03 08:16 265阅读 0赞

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 <h1>&nbsp;</h1> 
 在很多系统软件的开发中，需要使用一些系统的唯一性信息。所以，得到主机的CPUID、硬盘序列号及网卡的MAC地址，就成个一件很重要的应用。 
 本人经过一番google即自己的钻研，基本上实现了这几个功能。需要的准备知识有： 
 <ol> 
 <li>GCC的嵌入汇编，具体的GCC嵌入汇编知识，请参考相关手册 </li> 
 <li>ioctl系统调用，具体的调用方法，请查看手册页</li> 
 </ol> 
 <h2>获取CPUID</h2> 
 按照网上提供的说明，CPUID并不是所有的Intel CPU都支持的。如果支持，汇编调用为：eax置0000_0003，调用cpuid。 
 以下为实现代码（在我的CPU上，并没有得到）： 
 <pre>#define cpuid(in,a,b,c,d) asm("cpuid": "=a" (a), "=b" (b), "=c" (c), "=d" (d) : "a" (in)); static int getcpuid (char *id, size_t max) {
 int i; unsigned long li, maxi, maxei, ebx, ecx, edx, unused; cpuid (0, maxi, unused, unused, unused); maxi &amp;= 0xffff; if (maxi &lt; 3) {
 return -1; } cpuid (3, eax, ebx, ecx, edx); snprintf (id, max, "%08lx %08lx %08lx %08lx", eax, ebx, ecx, edx); fprintf (stdout, "get cpu id: %s/n", id); return 0; } </pre> 
 <h2>获取硬盘序列号</h2> 
 这个的实现，采用的是读取/etc/mtab文件，找到/（即根目录）挂载的设备文件，然后打开它，再用系统调用ioctl来实现的。 
 ioctl第二个参数为HDIO_GET_IDENTITY, 获得指定文件描述符的标志号 
 ioctl的第三个参数为struct hd_driveid ，在linux/hdreg.h中，struct hd_driveid的声明有 
 <pre>struct hd_driveid {
 	unsigned short	config;		/ lots of obsolete bit flags */ 	unsigned short	cyls;		/* Obsolete, "physical" cyls */ 	unsigned short	reserved2;	/* reserved (word 2) */ 	unsigned short	heads;		/* Obsolete, "physical" heads */ 	unsigned short	track_bytes;	/* unformatted bytes per track */ 	unsigned short	sector_bytes;	/* unformatted bytes per sector */ 	unsigned short	sectors;	/* Obsolete, "physical" sectors per track */ 	unsigned short	vendor0;	/* vendor unique */ 	unsigned short	vendor1;	/* vendor unique */ 	unsigned short	vendor2;	/* Retired vendor unique */ 	unsigned char	serial_no[20];	/* 0 = not_specified */ 	unsigned short	buf_type;	/* Retired */ 	unsigned short	buf_size;	/* Retired, 512 byte increments 					 * 0 = not_specified 					 */ …… }; </pre> ，这其中，serial_no为硬盘的序列号。如果此项为0，则为没有提供。 
 思路明确了，以下为实现代码： 
 <pre>static int getdiskid (char *id, size_t max) {
 int fd; struct hd_driveid hid; FILE *fp; char line[0x100], *disk, *root, *p; fp = fopen ("/etc/mtab", "r"); if (fp == NULL) {
 fprintf (stderr, "No /etc/mtab file./n"); return -1; } fd = -1; while (fgets (line, sizeof line, fp) != NULL) {
 disk = strtok (line, " "); if (disk == NULL) 	{
 	 continue; 	} root = strtok (NULL, " "); if (root == NULL) 	{
 	 continue; 	} if (strcmp (root, "/") == 0) 	{
 	 for (p = disk + strlen (disk) - 1; isdigit (*p); p --) {
 *p = '/0'; } 	 fd = open (disk, O_RDONLY); 	 break; 	} } fclose (fp); if (fd &lt; 0) {
 fprintf (stderr, "open hard disk device failed./n"); return -1; } if (ioctl (fd, HDIO_GET_IDENTITY, &amp;hid) &lt; 0) {
 fprintf (stderr, "ioctl error./n"); return -1; } close (fd); snprintf (id, max, "%s", hid.serial_no); fprintf (stdout, "get hard disk serial number: %s/n", id); return 0; } </pre> 
 <h2>获取MAC地址</h2> 
 通过创建一个socket，然后bind特定的IP地址，就可以通过ioctl得到这个套按地绑定的网络接口名称。然后再通过网络接口名称，得到MAC地址。 
 如果ioctl的第二个参数为SIOCGIFNAME, 则获得指定网络接口的名称；如果ioctl的第二个参数为SIOCGIFHWADDR，则获得指定网络接口的MAC地址 
 ioctl的第三个参数为struct ifreq ，在linux/if.h头文件里，struct ifreq声明如下： 
 <pre>struct ifreq {
 #define IFHWADDRLEN	6 	union 	{
 		char	ifrn_name[IFNAMSIZ];		/ if name, e.g. "en0" */ 	} ifr_ifrn; 	union {
 		struct	sockaddr ifru_addr; 		struct	sockaddr ifru_dstaddr; 		struct	sockaddr ifru_broadaddr; 		struct	sockaddr ifru_netmask; 		struct sockaddr ifru_hwaddr; 		short	ifru_flags; 		int	ifru_ivalue; 		int	ifru_mtu; 		struct ifmap ifru_map; 		char	ifru_slave[IFNAMSIZ];	/* Just fits the size */ 		char	ifru_newname[IFNAMSIZ]; 		void *	ifru_data; 		struct	if_settings ifru_settings; 	} ifr_ifru; } </pre> ，其中，ifrn_name为网络接口的名称，ifr_ifru.ifru_hwaddr为网络接口的MAC地址。 
 <pre>#ifndef MAX_IFINDEX # define MAX_IFINDEX 8 #endif static int getmacaddr (const char *ip, char *id, size_t max) {
 int i, sockfd; struct sockaddr_in *loc; struct ifreq req[1]; sockfd = socket (AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0); if (sockfd &lt; 0) {
 fprintf (stderr, "Unable to create socket./n"); return -1; } for (i = 0; i &lt;= MAX_IFINDEX; ++ i) {
 req-&gt;ifr_ifindex = i; if (ioctl (sockfd, SIOCGIFNAME, req) &lt; 0) {
 fprintf (stderr, "ioctl error: %s/n", strerror (errno)); continue; } if (ioctl (sockfd, SIOCGIFADDR, req) &lt; 0) {
 fprintf (stderr, "ioctl interface index [%d] error: %s/n", i, strerror (errno)); continue; } loc = (struct sockaddr_in *) (&amp;(req-&gt;ifr_ifru.ifru_addr)); if (loc-&gt;sin_addr.s_addr == inet_addr (ip)) {
 fprintf (stderr, "%s bind at %s./n", ip, req-&gt;ifr_name); break; } } if (i &gt; MAX_IFINDEX) {
 fprintf (stderr, "input IP error./n"); close (sockfd); return -1; } if (ioctl (sockfd, SIOCGIFHWADDR, req) &lt; 0) {
 fprintf (stderr, "ioctl error: %s/n", strerror (errno)); close (sockfd); return -1; } close (sockfd); snprintf (id, max, "%02X%02X%02X%02X%02X%02X", req-&gt;ifr_hwaddr.sa_data[0] &amp; 0xff, req-&gt;ifr_hwaddr.sa_data[1] &amp; 0xff, req-&gt;ifr_hwaddr.sa_data[2] &amp; 0xff, req-&gt;ifr_hwaddr.sa_data[3] &amp; 0xff, req-&gt;ifr_hwaddr.sa_data[4] &amp; 0xff, req-&gt;ifr_hwaddr.sa_data[5] &amp; 0xff); fprintf (stdout, "MAC address of %s: [%s]./n", req-&gt;ifr_name, id); return 0; } </pre> 
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