Windows/Linux获取Mac地址和CPU序列号实现

小灰灰 2022-12-11 09:14 496阅读 0赞

**UUID(Universally Unique Identifier)****即通用唯一标识符**，是指在一台机器上生成的数字，保证在全球范围的唯一性。可用的开源库如libuuid，可参考[https://blog.csdn.net/fengbingchun/article/details/94590406][https_blog.csdn.net_fengbingchun_article_details_94590406]。

**UDID(Unique Device Identifier)****即设备唯一标识符**。一般可通过获取设备的MAC地址+设备的CPU序列号作为设备的唯一标识符。

MAC地址(Media Access Control Address)，直译为媒体访问控制地址，也称为局域网地址(LAN Address)，以太网地址(Ethernet Address)或物理地址(Physical Address)，它是一个用来确认网络设备位置的地址。在OSI模型中，第三层网络层负责IP地址，第二层数据链路层则负责MAC地址。**MAC****地址用于在网络中唯一标示一个网卡**，一台设备若有一或多个网卡，则每个网卡都需要并会有一个唯一的MAC地址。

MAC地址共48位(6个字节)，以十六进制表示。第1Bit为广播地址(0)/群播地址(1)，第2Bit为广域地址(0)/区域地址(1)。前3~24位由IEEE决定如何分配给每一家制造商，且不重复，后24位由实际生产该网络设备的厂商自行指定且不重复。

**通过命令查看MAC****地址**：

(1). Windows：打开命令提示符(cmd.exe)，运行ipconfig/all命令，执行结果如下所示：如果计算机上有多个网络设备(无论物理或虚拟)，则会有多组信息及MAC地址，需辨识相应的设备。

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZlbmdiaW5nY2h1bg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70][]

(2). Linux：第一种方法运行ifconfig命令；第二种方法运行ip link show命令，执行结果如下所示：eth0为第一块物理网卡，HWaddr 2c:fd:a1:bc:1f:44就是MAC地址，lo为本地回环地址。

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZlbmdiaW5nY2h1bg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1][]

**修改MAC****地址**：网卡MAC地址可以通过Windows设备管理员或其他工具修改。对于某些手机、平板电脑设备来说，其MAC地址/产品序号均由厂方连同销售或保修时的客户资料一并记录在案，而有关的MAC地址也不可通过常规手段来修改。

注：以上MAC地址内容主要来自 [维基百科][Link 1]

CPU都有一个唯一的ID号，称CPUID，即CPU序列号，是在制造CPU的时候，由厂家置入到CPU内部的。但是近年的Intel CPU不再区分同一批次中各个CPU的序列号，这样就有可能两台电脑获得的CPU序列号是一样的。

**通过命令查看CPU****序列号**：

(1). Windows：打开命令提示符，运行wmic cpu get processorid命令，执行结果如下图所示：

![20200929194514118.png][]

(2). Linux：第一种方法运行dmidecode -t 4 | grep ID命令；第二种方法运行cpuid -r命令，执行结果如下图所示：

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZlbmdiaW5nY2h1bg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2][]

以下是代码段通过C++获取Mac地址和CPU序列号的实现：

namespace {
    
    #ifdef __linux__
    // reference: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/6491566/getting-the-machine-serial-number-and-cpu-id-using-c-c-in-linux
    inline void native_cpuid(unsigned int *eax, unsigned int *ebx, unsigned int *ecx, unsigned int *edx)
    {
    	// ecx is often an input as well as an output
    	asm volatile("cpuid"
    		: "=a" (*eax),
    		  "=b" (*ebx),
    		  "=c" (*ecx),
    		  "=d" (*edx)
    		: "0" (*eax), "2" (*ecx));
    }
    #endif
    
    } // namespace
    
    int get_mac_and_cpuid()
    {
    	// get mac
    #ifdef _MSC_VER
    	// reference: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/13646621/how-to-get-mac-address-in-windows-with-c
    	PIP_ADAPTER_INFO AdapterInfo = (IP_ADAPTER_INFO *)malloc(sizeof(IP_ADAPTER_INFO));
    	if (AdapterInfo == nullptr) {
    		fprintf(stderr, "fail to malloc\n");
    		return -1;
    	}
    
    	DWORD dwBufLen = sizeof(IP_ADAPTER_INFO);
    	std::unique_ptr<char[]> mac_addr(new char[18]);
    
    	// Make an initial call to GetAdaptersInfo to get the necessary size into the dwBufLen variable
    	if (GetAdaptersInfo(AdapterInfo, &dwBufLen) == ERROR_BUFFER_OVERFLOW) {
    		free(AdapterInfo);
    		AdapterInfo = (IP_ADAPTER_INFO *)malloc(dwBufLen);
    		if (AdapterInfo == nullptr) {
    			fprintf(stderr, "fail to malloc\n");
    			return -1;
    		}
    	}
    
    	if (GetAdaptersInfo(AdapterInfo, &dwBufLen) == NO_ERROR) {
    		for (PIP_ADAPTER_INFO pAdapterInfo = AdapterInfo; pAdapterInfo != nullptr; pAdapterInfo = pAdapterInfo->Next) {
    			// technically should look at pAdapterInfo->AddressLength and not assume it is 6.
    			if (pAdapterInfo->AddressLength != 6) continue;
    			if (pAdapterInfo->Type != MIB_IF_TYPE_ETHERNET) continue;
    
    			sprintf(mac_addr.get(), "%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X",
    				pAdapterInfo->Address[0], pAdapterInfo->Address[1],
    				pAdapterInfo->Address[2], pAdapterInfo->Address[3],
    				pAdapterInfo->Address[4], pAdapterInfo->Address[5]);
    			fprintf(stdout, "mac address: %s\n", mac_addr.get());
    
    			break;
    		}
    	}
    	free(AdapterInfo);
    #else
    	// reference: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1779715/how-to-get-mac-address-of-your-machine-using-a-c-program/35242525
    	int sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
    	if (sock < 0) {
    		fprintf(stderr, "fail to socket: %d\n", sock);
    		return -1;
    	};
    
    	struct ifconf ifc;
    	char buf[1024];
    	int success = 0;
    
    	ifc.ifc_len = sizeof(buf);
    	ifc.ifc_buf = buf;
    	if (ioctl(sock, SIOCGIFCONF, &ifc) == -1) {
    		fprintf(stderr, "fail to ioctl: SIOCGIFCONF\n");
    		return -1;
    	}
    
    	struct ifreq* it = ifc.ifc_req;
    	const struct ifreq* const end = it + (ifc.ifc_len / sizeof(struct ifreq));
    	struct ifreq ifr;
    
    	for (; it != end; ++it) {
    		strcpy(ifr.ifr_name, it->ifr_name);
    		if (ioctl(sock, SIOCGIFFLAGS, &ifr) == 0) {
    			if (!(ifr.ifr_flags & IFF_LOOPBACK)) { // don't count loopback
    				if (ioctl(sock, SIOCGIFHWADDR, &ifr) == 0) {
    					success = 1;
    					break;
    				}
    			}
    		} else { 
    			fprintf(stderr, "fail to ioctl: SIOCGIFFLAGS\n");
    			return -1;
    		 }
    	}
    
    	unsigned char mac_address[6];
    	if (success) memcpy(mac_address, ifr.ifr_hwaddr.sa_data, 6);
    	fprintf(stdout, "mac address: %02X:%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X\n", mac_address[0], mac_address[1], mac_address[2], mac_address[3], mac_address[4], mac_address[5]);
    #endif
    
    	// Capture vendor string
    	char vendor[0x20];
    	memset(vendor, 0, sizeof(vendor));
    
    	// get cpid
    #ifdef _MSC_VER
    	// reference: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/intrinsics/cpuid-cpuidex?view=vs-2019
    	std::array<int, 4> cpui;
    	// Calling __cpuid with 0x0 as the function_id argument gets the number of the highest valid function ID
    	__cpuid(cpui.data(), 0);
    	int nIds_ = cpui[0];
    
    	std::vector<std::array<int, 4>> data_;  
    	for (int i = 0; i <= nIds_; ++i) {
    		__cpuidex(cpui.data(), i, 0);
    		data_.push_back(cpui);
    
    		fprintf(stdout, "%08X-%08X-%08X-%08X\n", cpui[0], cpui[1], cpui[2], cpui[3]);
    	}
    
    	*reinterpret_cast<int*>(vendor) = data_[0][1];
    	*reinterpret_cast<int*>(vendor + 4) = data_[0][3];
    	*reinterpret_cast<int*>(vendor + 8) = data_[0][2];
    	fprintf(stdout, "vendor: %s\n", vendor); // GenuineIntel or AuthenticAMD or other
    	fprintf(stdout, "vendor serialnumber: %08X%08X\n", data_[1][3], data_[1][0]);
    #else
    	unsigned eax, ebx, ecx, edx;
    
    	eax = 0; // processor info and feature bits
    	native_cpuid(&eax, &ebx, &ecx, &edx);
    	fprintf(stdout, "%d, %d, %d, %d\n", eax, ebx, ecx, edx);
    
    	*reinterpret_cast<int*>(vendor) = ebx;
    	*reinterpret_cast<int*>(vendor + 4) = edx;
    	*reinterpret_cast<int*>(vendor + 8) = ecx;
    	fprintf(stdout, "vendor: %s\n", vendor); // GenuineIntel or AuthenticAMD or other
    
    	eax = 1; // processor serial number
    	native_cpuid(&eax, &ebx, &ecx, &edx);
    
    	// see the CPUID Wikipedia article on which models return the serial number in which registers
    	printf("vendor serialnumber: %08X%08X\n", edx, eax);
    #endif
    
    	return 0;
    }

Windows下执行结果如下所示：与命令行执行结果相同

![watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZlbmdiaW5nY2h1bg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3][]

Linux上执行结果如下图所示：与命令行执行结果相同

![20200929195209385.png][]

**GitHub**：[https://github.com//fengbingchun/Messy\_Test][https_github.com_fengbingchun_Messy_Test]

[https_blog.csdn.net_fengbingchun_article_details_94590406]: https://blog.csdn.net/fengbingchun/article/details/94590406
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZlbmdiaW5nY2h1bg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: /images/20221123/88879c71731c4dcc8fb4a7e489cb1630.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZlbmdiaW5nY2h1bg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]: /images/20221123/bfbf64da2d2b45dbb5a5e81dd3cdfd85.png
[Link 1]: https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC%E5%9C%B0%E5%9D%80
[20200929194514118.png]: /images/20221123/bc359652adea4ba7948a7945545b40d2.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZlbmdiaW5nY2h1bg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]: /images/20221123/4a7f3a154f3a486da162bdb4beeb29f4.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L2ZlbmdiaW5nY2h1bg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]: /images/20221123/e10f7aead1a342a9a143f3da7bb2fb1a.png
[20200929195209385.png]: /images/20221123/e467dbf31f8e43edb942c84c44a864a7.png
[https_github.com_fengbingchun_Messy_Test]: https://github.com//fengbingchun/Messy_Test