centos6.8下使用压缩包安装mysql

灰太狼 2022-07-11 08:14 184阅读 0赞

[Linux CentOS6.8下解压安装mysql-5.7.14完整介绍][Linux CentOS6.8_mysql-5.7.14]

环境：centos6.8 32位  
本教程安装MySQL是通过编译过的二进制文件进行安装。是不针对特定平台的通用安装方法，使用的二进制文件是后缀为.tar.gz的压缩文件  
1、下载 http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/  
![1470916755_7263.png][]

2、解压缩到/usr/local/下面，mysql的主目录命名为mysql

如果是.tar.gz文件直接解压  我下载的是.tar 文件 执行

\[root@localhost local\]\# tar -xvf mysql-5.7.16-linux-glibc2.5-i686.tar

\[root@localhost local\]\# tar xvf mysql-5.7.16-linux-glibc2.5-i686.tar.gz

![997862-20161030223649078-1885501925.png][]

解压后的文件夹重命名

\[root@localhost local\]\# mv mysql-5.7.16-linux-glibc2.5-i686 /mysql

3、在mysql下面创建data数据库文件目录  
  
\[root@localhost local\]\# mkdir mysql/data  
  
  
4、创建mysql的用户组和用户，并对mysql目录设置用户组和用户  
  
\[root@localhost local\]\# groupadd mysql  
  
\[root@localhost local\]\# useradd mysql -g mysql  
  
\[root@localhost local\]\# cd mysql  
  
\[root@localhost mysql\]\# pwd  
  
/usr/local/mysql  
  
\[root@localhost mysql\]\# chown -R mysql .  
  
\[root@localhost mysql\]\# chgrp -R mysql .  
  
  
5、初始化mysql并启动mysql服务  
  
\[root@localhost mysql\]\# cd /usr/local/mysql/bin  
  
\[root@localhost bin\]\# yum install libaio  
  
已加载插件：fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security  
  
设置安装进程  
  
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile  
  
\* base: mirrors.opencas.cn  
  
\* extras: mirrors.btte.net  
  
\* updates: mirrors.btte.net  
  
包 libaio-0.3.107-10.el6.i686 已安装并且是最新版本  
  
无须任何处理  
  
\[root@localhost bin\]\# ./mysql\_install\_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data  
  
2016-08-11 12:00:25 \[WARNING\] mysql\_install\_db is deprecated. Please consider switching to mysqld --initialize  
  
2016-08-11 12:00:31 \[WARNING\] The bootstrap log isn't empty:  
  
2016-08-11 12:00:31 \[WARNING\] 2016-01-09T04:00:29.262989Z 0 \[Warning\] --bootstrap is deprecated. Please consider using --initialize instead  
  
2016-08-11T04:00:29.264643Z 0 \[Warning\] Changed limits: max\_open\_files: 1024 (requested 5000)  
  
2016-08-11T04:00:29.264653Z 0 \[Warning\] Changed limits: table\_open\_cache: 431 (requested 2000)  
  
  
\[root@localhost bin\]\# cd /usr/local/mysql/support-files  
  
\[root@localhost support-files\]\# ./mysql.server start

Starting MySQL....                                         \[确定\]

以上操作流程如下图

![997862-20161030224145765-1603380.png][]

6、登录mysql，此版本最新版不许空密码登录，实际上有个初始化密码保存在/root/.mysql\_secret这个文件里面，用这个密码第一次登录后，再修改密码。因此先cat查看下初始化密码（随机的，每次安装看到的密码都不一样）：

\[root@localhost support-files\]\# cat /root/.mysql\_secret  
\# Password set for user 'root@localhost' at 2016-10-30 21:17:12  
q<.yhitwgg!V  
\[root@localhost support-files\]\# cd /usr/local/mysql/bin  
\[root@localhost bin\]\# mysql -uroot -p

<table style="height:207px; border-color:#000000; border-width:0px; width:892px; border-style:solid"> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td> <p style="font-family:verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:14px">此处特别说明 如果出现-bash: mysql: command not found 错误</p> <p style="font-family:verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:14px"><span style="color:#333333; font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:13px">出下这种错误一般是由于安装了一键安装脚本后没有对命令做链接，可以用下面的命令找到mysql命令的绝对路径：</span></p> 
    <table style="font-family:Monaco,Menlo,Consolas,'Courier New',monospace; width:564px; font-size:13px; color:#333333; margin:0.3em 0px!important; border-color:#cccccc!important; border-collapse:separate!important; background:none #f5f5f5!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:auto!important; padding:0px!important; position:relative!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; min-height:auto!important; height:24px"> 
     <tbody style="background:none!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; margin:0px!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; padding:0px!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important"> 
      <tr style="background:none!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; margin:0px!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; padding:0px!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important"> 
       <td style="font-family:Monaco,Menlo,Consolas,'Courier New',monospace; width:588px; font-size:13px!important; margin:0px!important; border-width:0px!important; border-style:initial!important; border-color:initial!important; padding:5px 0px 5px 10px!important; background:none!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; min-height:auto!important"> 
        <div style="padding:0px!important; margin:0px!important; background:none!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:relative!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important"> 
         <div style="padding:0px!important; margin:0px!important; background:none!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important"> 
          <code style="font-family:Monaco,Menlo,Consolas,'Courier New',monospace; background:none!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; margin:0px!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; padding:0px!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important">find / -name mysql</code> 
         </div> 
        </div> </td> 
      </tr> 
     </tbody> 
    </table> <p style="font-family:verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:14px"><span style="color:#333333; font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:13px">假设查找到的路径为/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql，可以使用下面的命令设置一个链接：</span></p> 
    <table style="font-family:Monaco,Menlo,Consolas,'Courier New',monospace; width:566px; font-size:13px; color:#333333; margin:0.3em 0px!important; border-color:#cccccc!important; border-collapse:separate!important; background:none #f5f5f5!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:auto!important; padding:0px!important; position:relative!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; min-height:auto!important; height:24px"> 
     <tbody style="background:none!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; margin:0px!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; padding:0px!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important"> 
      <tr style="background:none!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; margin:0px!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; padding:0px!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important"> 
       <td style="font-family:Monaco,Menlo,Consolas,'Courier New',monospace; width:588px; font-size:13px!important; margin:0px!important; border-width:0px!important; border-style:initial!important; border-color:initial!important; padding:5px 0px 5px 10px!important; background:none!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; min-height:auto!important"> 
        <div style="padding:0px!important; margin:0px!important; background:none!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:relative!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important"> 
         <div style="padding:0px!important; margin:0px!important; background:none!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important"> 
          <code style="font-family:Monaco,Menlo,Consolas,'Courier New',monospace; background:none!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; margin:0px!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; padding:0px!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important">ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/bin/mysql</code> 
         </div> 
        </div> </td> 
      </tr> 
     </tbody> 
    </table> <p style="font-family:verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:14px"><span style="color:#333333; font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:13px">然后就可以使用mysql命令了。</span></p> </td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

利用初始化密码q<.yhitwgg!V登录mysql   操作如下图：

![997862-20161030225458593-1859868930.png][]

显示登录成功，可以执行mysql命令操作了！

未配置的情况下每次登录需要进入bin目录下操作：

7、 复制配置文件  
  
\[root@localhost mysql\] cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf

<table style="border-width:0px; border-style:solid; border-color:#000000; height:207px; width:892px"> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td> <p style="font-family:verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:14px">此处特别说明 如果出现 下面这种错误</p> <p style="font-family:verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:14px"><span style="color:#333333; font-family:Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:13px"><img alt="" src="http://images2015.cnblogs.com/blog/997862/201610/997862-20161030230236453-1910992768.png"></span></p> <p>找一下my-default.cnf 文件的位置</p> <p>[root@localhost ~]# find / -name my-default.cnf&nbsp;</p> <p>比如在（/usr/local/mysql/support-files/my-default.cnf）位置</p> <p>作如下操作：<br> [root@localhost mysql]# cp support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf</p> </td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

8. 将mysqld服务加入开机自启动项。  
  
\*首先需要将scripts/mysql.server服务脚本复制到/etc/init.d/，并重命名为mysqld。  
  
\[root@localhostmysql\] cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld  
  
\*通过chkconfig命令将mysqld服务加入到自启动服务项中。  
  
\[root@localhost mysql\]\#chkconfig --add mysqld  
  
\*注意服务名称mysqld就是我们将mysql.server复制到/etc/init.d/时重命名的名称。  
  
\*查看是否添加成功  
  
\[root@localhost mysql\]\#chkconfig --list mysqld  
  
mysqld 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off  
  
9. 重启系统，mysqld就会自动启动了。  
  
\*检查是否启动  
  
\[root@localhost mysql\]\#netstat -anp|grep mysqld  
  
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:\* LISTEN 2365/mysqld   
  
unix 2 \[ ACC \] STREAM LISTENING 14396 2365/mysqld /tmp/mysql.sock  
  
\*如果不想重新启动，那可以直接手动启动。  
  
\[root@localhost mysql\]\#service mysqld start  
  
Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!  
  
10 运行客户端程序mysql，在mysql/bin目录中，测试能否连接到mysqld。  
  
\[root@localhost mysql\]\#/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p

password:  
Welcome to the MySQLmonitor. Commands end with ; or \\g.  
  
Your MySQL connection idis 2  
  
Server version:5.5.29-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)  
  
  
  
Copyright (c) 2000, 2012,[Oracle][] and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.  
  
Oracle is a registeredtrademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may betrademarks of their respective owners.  
  
Type 'help;' or '\\h' forhelp. Type '\\c' to clear the current input statement.  
  
mysql> quit  
  
Bye  
  
\*此时会出现mysql>命令提示符，可以输入sql语句，输入quit或exit退出。为了避免每次都输入mysql的全路径/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql，可将其加入环境变量中，在/etc/profile最后加入两行命令：

1.  方法一：  
2.  在/etc/profile文件中最后一行添加变量export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin  
    【对所有用户生效（永久的）】  
3.  用VI在文件/etc/profile文件中增加变量，该变量将会对Linux下所有用户有效，并且是“永久的”。  
4.  要让刚才的修改马上生效，需要执行以下代码  
5.  \# source /etc/profile  
6.    
7.  方法二：  
8.  在用户目录下的.bash\_profile文件中增加变量【对单一用户生效（永久的）】  
9.  用VI在用户目录下的.bash\_profile文件中增加变量，改变量仅会对当前用户有效，并且是“永久的”。  
10. 要让刚才的修改马上生效，需要在用户目录下执行以下代码  
11. \# source .bash\_profile  
12.   
13. 方法三：  
14. 直接运行export命令定义变量【只对当前shell（BASH）有效（临时的）】  
15. 在shell的命令行下直接使用\[export变量名=变量值\]定义变量，该变量只在当前的shell（BASH）或其子shell（BASH）下是有效的，shell关闭了，变量也就失效了，再打开新shell时就没有这个变量，需要使用的话还需要重新定义。  
16. 例如：export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin

这样就可以在shell中直接输入mysql命令来启动客户端程序了  
  
\[root@localhost mysql\]\#mysql -uroot -p

password:  
Welcome to the MySQLmonitor. Commands end with ; or \\g.  
  
Your MySQL connection idis 3  
  
Server version:5.5.29-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)  
  
Copyright (c) 2000, 2012,Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.  
  
Oracle is a registeredtrademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its  
  
affiliates. Other namesmay be trademarks of their respective  
  
owners.  
  
Type 'help;' or '\\h' forhelp. Type '\\c' to clear the current input statement.  
  
mysql>

11、改mysql的root密码，新密码在此为'123456'  
  
mysql> set password=password('123456');  
  
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)  
  
  
12、设定远程登录mysql。在Linux下为了安全，默认是不允许mysql本机以外的机器访问mysql数据库服务，因此需要重新授权root。方便远程访问。  
  
  
mysql> use mysql;  
  
Reading table information for completion of table and column names  
  
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A  
  
  
Database changed  
  
mysql> select Host,User from user;  
  
\+-----------+-----------+  
  
| Host | User |  
  
\+-----------+-----------+  
  
| % | root |  
  
| localhost | mysql.sys |  
  
| localhost | root |  
  
\+-----------+-----------+  
  
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)  
  
  
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON \*.\* TO root@'%' identified by '000000';  
  
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)  
  
mysql> flush privileges;  
  
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)  
  
  
授权语句最后的‘000000’是mysql数据库root用户的新密码。  
  
  
13、非必要的步骤，如果远程连不上，估计是防火墙的问题，关闭试试：  
  
\[root@localhost mysql\]\# service iptables stop  
  
setenforce 0iptables：将链设置为政策 ACCEPT：filter \[确定\]  
  
iptables：清除防火墙规则： \[确定\]  
  
iptables：正在卸载模块： \[确定\]  
  
\[root@localhost mysql\]\# setenforce 0  
  
setenforce: SELinux is disable

[Linux CentOS6.8_mysql-5.7.14]: http://www.cnblogs.com/bangaj/p/6014397.html
[1470916755_7263.png]: https://img-my.csdn.net/uploads/201608/11/1470916755_7263.png
[997862-20161030223649078-1885501925.png]: /images/20220711/d8d319df4dd64ae9a70615cdfd269149.png
[997862-20161030224145765-1603380.png]: /images/20220711/aee8276edde648e7aff201e431a5c2cd.png
[997862-20161030225458593-1859868930.png]: /images/20220711/7cffee8d421c4c5cb90f6f747ff6a537.png
[Oracle]: http://lib.csdn.net/base/oracle