压缩包版Mysql的安装与使用

墨蓝 2022-03-02 06:00 526阅读 0赞

### 文章目录 ###

*  1 windows
 *   *  安装MySQL5.7
     *   *  1 下载mysql
         *  2 设置环境变量（系统变量、用户变量皆可）
         *  3 安装和使用
     *  安装MySQL8.0
 *  2 Linux
 *   *  Ubuntu
     *  deepin v20

# 1 windows #

## 安装MySQL5.7 ##

### 1 下载mysql ###

[官网地址][Link 1]

**step 1** 将压缩包解压到任意一个文件夹，进入到mysql文件夹根目录，创建图中箭头所示文件`my.ini`

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjI1MDMwMg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]

**my.ini文件内容**

[mysql]
    # 设置mysql客户端默认字符集
    default-character-set=utf8
    
    [mysqld]
    #设置3306端口
    port =3306
    
    # 设置mysql的安装目录
    basedir=D:\Edge browser\mysql-5.7.25-winx64
    
    # 设置mysql数据库的数据的存放目录
    datadir=D:\Edge browser\mysql-5.7.25-winx64\data
    
    # 允许最大连接数
    max_connections=200
    
    # 服务端使用的字符集默认为8比特编码的latin1字符集
    character-set-server=utf8
    
    # 创建新表时将使用的默认存储引擎
    default-storage-engine=INNODB

以“\#”开头的是注释，不加也行。此处有两点需要注意的：

*  **basedir=D:\\Edge browser\\mysql-5.7.25-winx64** 这是安装mysql的目录，“=”后面的值根据情况自行修改；
 *  **datadir=D:\\Edge browser\\mysql-5.7.25-winx64\\data** 以后新建的数据库都存放在data目录下。data可以改成其他名称

**注意**：my.ini文件是需要自己配置的，解压后里面没有。另，上有一名为data的文件夹，这个不需要自己建，下面会说它是怎样出现的。

### 2 设置环境变量（系统变量、用户变量皆可） ###

右键点击**我的电脑**，`我的电脑-->属性-->高级系统设置-->环境变量-->Path`  
![在这里插入图片描述][20190319205846298.png]

### 3 安装和使用 ###

**step 1** `管理员身份运行cmd`进入MySQL 的bin目录，依次执行下列命令

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjI1MDMwMg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center]

mysqld install
       mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql（执行后出现data目录）
       net start mysql

**step 2** 为root用户设置登录密码

执行如图命令，刚安装完是默认没有密码的，直接回车即可  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjI1MDMwMg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 1]  
执行如图命令设置密码：  
![20190319202550344.png][]

mysql>use mysql;
    mysql>update user set authentication_string=password("***") where user="root";
    mysql>flush privileges;

**注意**：以后使用MySQL，都要先输入命令 **mysql -u root -p**，然后再输入密码。输入的密码为自己设置的，**exit** 为退出MySQL的命令。  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjI1MDMwMg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 2]

## 安装MySQL8.0 ##

1 [官网下载][Link 1]

2 将下载好的压缩包解压到任意一个目录，并设置环境变量

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjI1MDMwMg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 1]  
![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjI1MDMwMg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70_pic_center 2]

3 **管理员身份打开cmd**，进入上图中的`bin`目录，依次执行下述指令

安装MySQL服务（卸载已存在的mysql服务使用`mysqld remove`）  
**mysqld install**

初始化MySQL，`-insecure`设置初始登录密码为空  
**mysqld --initialize-insecure**

启动MySQL服务  
**net start mysql**

进入数据库，初始密码为空，直接回车即可  
**mysql -uroot -p**

为root用户设置登录密码  
**mysql> use mysql;  
mysql> ALTER USER ‘root’@‘localhost’ IDENTIFIED BY ‘123456’;  
mysql> flush privileges;**

C:\Windows\system32>cd g:\ProgramFiles\mysql-8.0.21-winx64\bin
    
    C:\Windows\system32>g:
    
    g:\ProgramFiles\mysql-8.0.21-winx64\bin>mysqld install
    Service successfully installed.
    
    g:\ProgramFiles\mysql-8.0.21-winx64\bin>mysqld --initialize-insecure
    
    g:\ProgramFiles\mysql-8.0.21-winx64\bin>net start mysql
    MySQL 服务正在启动 ..
    MySQL 服务已经启动成功。
    
    
    g:\ProgramFiles\mysql-8.0.21-winx64\bin>mysql -uroot -p
    Enter password:
    Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
    Your MySQL connection id is 8
    Server version: 8.0.21 MySQL Community Server - GPL
    
    Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
    
    Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
    affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
    owners.
    
    Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
    
    mysql> use mysql;
    Database changed
    mysql>
    mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY  '123456';
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.32 sec)
    
    mysql> flush privileges;
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
    
    mysql>

# 2 Linux #

## Ubuntu ##

rorschach@rorschach-HP:~$ sudo apt install mysql-server
    
    rorschach@rorschach-HP:~$ systemctl start mysql
    
    rorschach@rorschach-HP:~$ sudo cat /etc/mysql/debian.cnf 
    [sudo] rorschach 的密码：      
    # Automatically generated for Debian scripts. DO NOT TOUCH!
    [client]
    host     = localhost
    user     = debian-sys-maint
    password = M3arusCdWI1TXaYl
    socket   = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
    [mysql_upgrade]
    host     = localhost
    user     = debian-sys-maint
    password = M3arusCdWI1TXaYl
    socket   = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
    
    rorschach@rorschach-HP:~$ sudo mysql -uroot -pM3arusCdWI1TXaYl
    ...省略若干字...
    
    mysql> use mysql;
    Reading table information for completion of table and column names
    You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
    
    Database changed
    mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '***';
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
    
    mysql> flush privileges;
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

## deepin v20 ##

[官方安装教程][Link 2]

1.  [先下载对应的压缩包][Link 3]，deepin是基于debian的，按如图选择，下载下面两个东西  
    ![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjI1MDMwMg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]![在这里插入图片描述][20201208223520713.png]
2.  依次执行下列命令即可

首先解压下载好的压缩包
    $ tar -xvf mysql-server_8.0.22-1debian10_amd64.deb-bundle.tar
    $ sudo apt-get install libaio1
    $ sudo dpkg-preconfigure mysql-community-server_*.deb
    
    $ sudo apt install libmecab2
    $ sudo dpkg -i mysql-community-client-plugins_8.0.22-1debian10_amd64.deb
    进入解压缩的目录，安装mysql-community-server-core和mysql-community-client-core
    $ sudo dpkg -i mysql-community-server-core***.deb
    $ sudo dpkg -i mysql-community-client-core***.deb
    
    $ sudo dpkg -i mysql-{common,community-client,client,community-server,server}_*.deb

mysql-\{common,community-client,client,community-server,server\}\_\*.deb依赖于包mysql-community-server-core和mysql-community-client-core；

而mysql-community-server-core又依赖libmecab2, mysql-community-client-core又依赖mysql-community-client-plugin；

或者如下安装：

首先解压下载好的压缩包
    $ tar -xvf mysql-server_8.0.22-1debian10_amd64.deb-bundle.tar
    $ sudo apt-get install libaio1
    $ sudo dpkg-preconfigure mysql-community-server_*.deb
    
    $ sudo apt install libmecab2
    $ sudo dpkg -i mysql-community-client-plugins_8.0.22-1debian10_amd64.deb
    
    $ sudo dpkg -i mysql-{common,community-client,community-client-core,client,community-server-core,community-server,server}_*.deb

[Link 1]: https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/
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[20190319205846298.png]: /images/20220302/e7fb2e1883534c29b0e0692d2c191869.png
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[20190319202550344.png]: /images/20220302/b5c674402ea342e7af1acde419f4e943.png
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[Link 2]: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/linux-installation-debian.html
[Link 3]: https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-8.0/mysql-community-client-plugins_8.0.22-1debian10_amd64.deb
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjI1MDMwMg_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70 3]: https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20201208222408550.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjI1MDMwMg==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70
[20201208223520713.png]: /images/20220302/a9b943699f2b4ac096d841f14be10fe3.png