史上最简单的SpringCloud教程 | 第二篇: 服务消费者（rest+ribbon）

小咪咪 2022-07-03 14:24 142阅读 0赞

> 转载请标明出处：  
> https://www.fangzhipeng.com/springcloud/2017/06/02/sc02-rest-ribbon.html  
> 本文出自[方志朋的博客][Link 1]

**个人博客纯净版：[https://www.fangzhipeng.com/springcloud/2017/06/02/sc02-rest-ribbon.html][https_www.fangzhipeng.com_springcloud_2017_06_02_sc02-rest-ribbon.html]**

最新Finchley版本：  
https://www.fangzhipeng.com/springcloud/2018/08/02/sc-f2-ribbon.html  
或者  
http://blog.csdn.net/forezp/article/details/81040946

在上一篇文章，讲了服务的注册和发现。在微服务架构中，业务都会被拆分成一个独立的服务，服务与服务的通讯是基于http restful的。Spring cloud有两种服务调用方式，一种是ribbon+restTemplate，另一种是feign。在这一篇文章首先讲解下基于ribbon+rest。

### 一、ribbon简介 ###

> Ribbon is a client side load balancer which gives you a lot of control over the behaviour of HTTP and TCP clients. Feign already uses Ribbon, so if you are using @FeignClient then this section also applies.
> 
> \-----摘自官网

ribbon是一个负载均衡客户端，可以很好的控制htt和tcp的一些行为。Feign默认集成了ribbon。

ribbon 已经默认实现了这些配置bean：

*  IClientConfig ribbonClientConfig: DefaultClientConfigImpl
 *  IRule ribbonRule: ZoneAvoidanceRule
 *  IPing ribbonPing: NoOpPing
 *  ServerList ribbonServerList: ConfigurationBasedServerList
 *  ServerListFilter ribbonServerListFilter: ZonePreferenceServerListFilter
 *  ILoadBalancer ribbonLoadBalancer: ZoneAwareLoadBalancer

### 二、准备工作 ###

这一篇文章基于上一篇文章的工程，启动eureka-server 工程；启动service-hi工程，它的端口为8762；将service-hi的配置文件的端口改为8763,并启动，这时你会发现：service-hi在eureka-server注册了2个实例，这就相当于一个小的集群。访问localhost:8761如图所示：

如何一个工程启动多个实例，请看这篇文章:https://blog.csdn.net/forezp/article/details/76408139

![在这里插入图片描述][20190601113035445.png]

#### 三、建一个服务消费者 ####

重新新建一个spring-boot工程，取名为：service-ribbon;  
在它的pom.xml文件分别引入起步依赖spring-cloud-starter-eureka、spring-cloud-starter-ribbon、spring-boot-starter-web，代码如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    
    	<groupId>com.forezp</groupId>
    	<artifactId>service-ribbon</artifactId>
    	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    	<packaging>jar</packaging>
    
    	<name>service-ribbon</name>
    	<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
    
    	<parent>
    		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
    		<version>1.5.2.RELEASE</version>
    		<relativePath/> 
    	</parent>
    
    	<properties>
    		<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    		<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
    		<java.version>1.8</java.version>
    	</properties>
    
    	<dependencies>
    		<dependency>
    			<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    			<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
    		</dependency>
    		<dependency>
    			<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    			<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-ribbon</artifactId>
    		</dependency>
    		<dependency>
    			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    		</dependency>
    
    		<dependency>
    			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
    			<scope>test</scope>
    		</dependency>
    	</dependencies>
    
    	<dependencyManagement>
    		<dependencies>
    			<dependency>
    				<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    				<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
    				<version>Dalston.RC1</version>
    				<type>pom</type>
    				<scope>import</scope>
    			</dependency>
    		</dependencies>
    	</dependencyManagement>
    
    	<build>
    		<plugins>
    			<plugin>
    				<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    				<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
    			</plugin>
    		</plugins>
    	</build>
    
    	<repositories>
    		<repository>
    			<id>spring-milestones</id>
    			<name>Spring Milestones</name>
    			<url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
    			<snapshots>
    				<enabled>false</enabled>
    			</snapshots>
    		</repository>
    	</repositories>
    
    
    </project>

在工程的配置文件指定服务的注册中心地址为http://localhost:8761/eureka/，程序名称为 service-ribbon，程序端口为8764。配置文件application.yml如下：

eureka:
      client:
        serviceUrl:
          defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
    server:
      port: 8764
    spring:
      application:
        name: service-ribbon

在工程的启动类中,通过@EnableDiscoveryClient向服务中心注册；并且向程序的ioc注入一个bean: restTemplate;并通过@LoadBalanced注解表明这个restRemplate开启负载均衡的功能。

@SpringBootApplication
    @EnableDiscoveryClient
    public class ServiceRibbonApplication {
    
    	public static void main(String[] args) {
    		SpringApplication.run(ServiceRibbonApplication.class, args);
    	}
    
    	@Bean
    	@LoadBalanced
    	RestTemplate restTemplate() {
    		return new RestTemplate();
    	}
    
    }

写一个测试类HelloService，通过之前注入ioc容器的restTemplate来消费service-hi服务的“/hi”接口，在这里我们直接用的程序名替代了具体的url地址，在ribbon中它会根据服务名来选择具体的服务实例，根据服务实例在请求的时候会用具体的url替换掉服务名，代码如下：

@Service
    public class HelloService {
    
        @Autowired
        RestTemplate restTemplate;
    
        public String hiService(String name) {
            return restTemplate.getForObject("http://SERVICE-HI/hi?name="+name,String.class);
        }
    
    }

写一个controller，在controller中用调用HelloService 的方法，代码如下：

/**
     * Created by fangzhipeng on 2017/4/6.
     */
    @RestController
    public class HelloControler {
    
        @Autowired
        HelloService helloService;
        @RequestMapping(value = "/hi")
        public String hi(@RequestParam String name){
            return helloService.hiService(name);
        }
    
    
    }

在浏览器上多次访问http://localhost:8764/hi?name=forezp，浏览器交替显示：

> hi forezp,i am from port:8762
> 
> hi forezp,i am from port:8763

这说明当我们通过调用restTemplate.getForObject(“http://SERVICE-HI/hi?name=”+name,String.class)方法时，已经做了负载均衡，访问了不同的端口的服务实例。

### 四、此时的架构 ###

![在这里插入图片描述][watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9mb3JlenAuYmxvZy5jc2RuLm5ldA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]

*  一个服务注册中心，eureka server,端口为8761
 *  service-hi工程跑了两个实例，端口分别为8762,8763，分别向服务注册中心注册
 *  sercvice-ribbon端口为8764,向服务注册中心注册
 *  当sercvice-ribbon通过restTemplate调用service-hi的hi接口时，因为用ribbon进行了负载均衡，会轮流的调用service-hi：8762和8763 两个端口的hi接口；

源码下载：[https://github.com/forezp/SpringCloudLearning/tree/master/chapter2][https_github.com_forezp_SpringCloudLearning_tree_master_chapter2]

### 更多阅读 ###

[史上最简单的 SpringCloud 教程汇总][SpringCloud]

[SpringBoot教程汇总][SpringBoot]

[Java面试题系列汇总][Java]

### 五、参考资料 ###

本文参考了以下：

[spring-cloud-ribbon][]

[springcloud ribbon with eureka][]

[服务消费者][Link 2]

![SouthEast][]  
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**（转载本站文章请注明作者和出处 [方志朋的博客][Link 1]）**

[Link 1]: https://www.fangzhipeng.com
[https_www.fangzhipeng.com_springcloud_2017_06_02_sc02-rest-ribbon.html]: https://www.fangzhipeng.com/springcloud/2017/06/02/sc02-rest-ribbon.html
[20190601113035445.png]: /images/20220618/f6849b0815944e5d812268953c36c08b.png
[watermark_type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk_shadow_10_text_aHR0cHM6Ly9mb3JlenAuYmxvZy5jc2RuLm5ldA_size_16_color_FFFFFF_t_70]: /images/20220618/1f33a4cbafb54081bbc2926ec9effa20.png
[https_github.com_forezp_SpringCloudLearning_tree_master_chapter2]: https://github.com/forezp/SpringCloudLearning/tree/master/chapter2
[SpringCloud]: https://blog.csdn.net/forezp/article/details/70148833
[SpringBoot]: https://blog.csdn.net/forezp/article/details/70341818
[Java]: https://blog.csdn.net/forezp/article/details/85163411
[spring-cloud-ribbon]: http://projects.spring.io/spring-cloud/spring-cloud.html#spring-cloud-ribbon
[springcloud ribbon with eureka]: http://blog.csdn.net/liaokailin/article/details/51469834
[Link 2]: http://blog.didispace.com/springcloud2/
[SouthEast]: /images/20220618/c61938fe17bd446f8c5afcff5b377b37.png